2026-09-16T19:40:21Z https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/oai

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/1 2020-08-27T17:43:42Z ingeniar:ART

Development and implementation of the editorial management system of ULEAM: Investigation article Desarrollo e implementación del Sistema de Gestión Editorial de la ULEAM: Artículo de investigación Zambrano-Pilay, Enrique Carreño-Lucas , Sergio Almeida-Zambrano , Edison web sistema edición publicación plataforma web system edition publication platform The complexity of modern education systems requires the development of mechanisms that allow the activities of scientific dissemination to be potentiated. It is for this reason that the University Editorial of the Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí sees the need to have a system that allows managing the publication management to systematize the process in a harmonious way among authors, reviewers and readers who transmit this epistemological contribution that facilitates and exchanges the development of scientific content. The publishing publishing university management system is a digital platform that facilitates communication from different scenarios without the demographic need to physically contact the publisher. Based on the needs detected in the mentioned department and after carrying out an analysis of the critical points, it is necessary to carry out contingencies that allow validating the relevant information with scientific rigor. Keywords: web, system, edition, publication, platform. La complejidad de los sistemas de educación moderno exige el desarrollo de mecanismos que permitan potencializar las actividades de la difusión científica. Es por esta razón que la Editorial Universitaria de la Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí se ve en la necesidad de poseer un sistema que permita administrar la gestión de publicaciones para sistematizar el proceso de manera armónica entre autores, revisores y lectores que transmiten ese aporte epistemológico que facilita e intercambia el desarrollo del contenido científico. El sistema editorial de gestión universitaria de publicaciones es una plataforma digital que facilita la comunicación desde los diferentes escenarios sin la necesidad demográfica de contactarse de manera física con la editorial. En base a las necesidades detectadas en el departamento en mención y después de realizar un análisis de los puntos críticos es necesario realizar las contingencias que permitan validar la información pertinente con rigor científico. Palabras clave: web, sistema, edición, publicación, plataforma. Abstract The complexity of modern education systems requires the development of mechanisms that allow the activities of scientific dissemination to be potentiated. It is for this reason that the University Editorial of the Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí sees the need to have a system that allows managing the publication management to systematize the process in a harmonious way among authors, reviewers and readers who transmit this epistemological contribution that facilitates and exchanges the development of scientific content. The publishing publishing university management system is a digital platform that facilitates communication from different scenarios without the demographic need to physically contact the publisher. Based on the needs detected in the mentioned department and after carrying out an analysis of the critical points, it is necessary to carry out contingencies that allow validating the relevant information with scientific rigor. Keywords: web, system, edition, publication, platform. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 18 de noviembre de 2019Fecha de aceptación: 23 de diciembre de 2019Fecha de publicación: 10 de enero de 2020 SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2020-01-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/1 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 3 No. 5 (2020): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 2-12 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 3 Núm. 5 (2020): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 2-12 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/1/1 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/1/2 Copyright (c) 2020 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/2 2020-08-27T17:43:42Z ingeniar:ART

Development and implementation of mobile application for the dissemination of publications of the Editorial ULEAM: Investigation article Desarrollo e implementación de aplicación móvil para la difusión de publicaciones de la Editorial ULEAM: Artículo de investigación Zambrano-Pilay, Enrique Vélez-Vélez , Luis Almeida-Zambrano , Edison publicación aplicación móvil libros artículos publication mobile application books articles Scientific publication and dissemination are parameters that reflect the quality of higher education, even more so if they are based on technological tools. It is for this reason that from the University Publishing Uleam the need arises to implement a mobile platform that provides the national and international community with scientific content and ancient knowledge of open access. This technological research and development project are based on the creation and implementation of a mobile application that will allow viewing the scientific books and articles published by the University Editorial and, in turn, disseminating it to the community with little access due to limitations associated with visual difficulties. This mobile application will be designed under an Android platform and will be linked to the database of the SEGUP institutional platform, where the published scientific texts are housed. Keywords: publication, mobile application, books, articles.   La publicación y divulgación científica son parámetros que reflejan la calidad de la educación superior, más aún si se fundamentan en herramientas tecnológicas. Es por esta razón que desde la Editorial Universitaria Uleam nace la necesidad de implementar una plataforma móvil que brinde a la comunidad nacional e internacional, contenido científico y conocimientos ancestrales de acceso abierto. El presente proyecto de investigación y desarrollo tecnológico está basado en la creación e implementación de un aplicativo móvil que permitirá visualizar los libros y artículos científicos publicados por la Editorial Universitaria y a su vez difundir entre la comunidad con escaso acceso debido a limitaciones asociadas con la dificultad visual. Esta aplicación móvil se diseñará bajo una plataforma Android y se enlazará con la base de datos de la plataforma institucional SEGUP, en la que se encuentran alojados los textos científicos publicados. Palabras clave: publicación, aplicación móvil, libros, artículos. Abstract Scientific publication and dissemination are parameters that reflect the quality of higher education, even more so if they are based on technological tools. It is for this reason that from the University Publishing Uleam the need arises to implement a mobile platform that provides the national and international community with scientific content and ancient knowledge of open access. This technological research and development project are based on the creation and implementation of a mobile application that will allow viewing the scientific books and articles published by the University Editorial and, in turn, disseminating it to the community with little access due to limitations associated with visual difficulties. This mobile application will be designed under an Android platform and will be linked to the database of the SEGUP institutional platform, where the published scientific texts are housed. Keywords: publication, mobile application, books, articles. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 16 de noviembre de 2019Fecha de aceptación: 20 de diciembre de 2019Fecha de publicación: 10 de enero de 2020 SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2020-01-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/2 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 3 No. 5 (2020): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 13-24 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 3 Núm. 5 (2020): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 13-24 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/2/5 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/2/6 Copyright (c) 2020 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/3 2020-08-27T17:43:42Z ingeniar:ART

Design of an industrial scale plant for the elaboration of lactic acid through liquid fermentation: Investigation article Diseño de una planta a escala industrial para la elaboración de ácido láctico mediante fermentación líquida: Artículo de investigación García-Mujica, Robert Benavides-Cedeño, Génesis ácido láctico suero lácteo fermentación lactobacillus bulgaricus diagrama lactic acid whey fermentation lactobacillus bulgaricus diagram The present work was carried out with the aim of designing an industrial lactic acid plant that would use the residual whey from the processes of the dairy industries of the canton of Santa Ana, located in the province of Manabí, as a substrate. The investigation was begun by calculating the potential annual demand for lactic acid in the province of Manabí ($ 273,600), which represents 16% of the national market, taking this as a reference we set out to capture 10% of the local market ($ 27,360). A bibliographic investigation was carried out where it was determined that the best yield was 8.3% for the production of lactic acid from the fermentation of the whey using the bacterium lactobacillus bulgaricus as a microorganism. The stoichiometric balances of the biological equation, mass and energy balances were then made to produce 48 liters of lactic acid daily, which covers the proposed demand (10%). From this, the sizing of the plant was carried out and the respective flow diagrams, blocks and equipment that describe the production process were prepared. Keywords: lactic acid, whey, fermentation, lactobacillus bulgaricus, diagram. El presente trabajo se realizó con el fin de diseñar una planta industrial de ácido láctico que utilice como sustrato el suero lácteo residual de los procesos aplicados en las industrias lácteas del cantón Santa Ana, ubicado en la provincia de Manabí. Se inició la investigación calculando la demanda potencial anual de ácido láctico en la provincia de Manabí ($273,600), misma que representa el 16% del mercado nacional, tomando esto como referencia nos propusimos acaparar el 10% del mercado local ($27.360). Se llevó a cabo una investigación bibliográfica donde se determinó que el mejor rendimiento corresponde al 8,3% para la producción de ácido láctico a partir de la fermentación del lacto suero utilizando como microorganismo la bacteria lactobacillus bulgaricus. Se realizaron los balances estequiométricos de la ecuación biológica, balances de masa y energía para producir 48 litros de ácido láctico a diario, que cubre la demanda propuesta (10%). A partir de esto se realizó el dimensionamiento de la planta y se elaboraron los respectivos diagramas de flujo, bloques y equipos que describen el proceso de producción. Palabras clave: ácido láctico, suero lácteo, fermentación, lactobacillus bulgaricus, diagrama. Abstract The present work was carried out with the aim of designing an industrial lactic acid plant that would use the residual whey from the processes of the dairy industries of the canton of Santa Ana, located in the province of Manabí, as a substrate. The investigation was begun by calculating the potential annual demand for lactic acid in the province of Manabí ($ 273,600), which represents 16% of the national market, taking this as a reference we set out to capture 10% of the local market ($ 27,360). A bibliographic investigation was carried out where it was determined that the best yield was 8.3% for the production of lactic acid from the fermentation of the whey using the bacterium lactobacillus bulgaricus as a microorganism. The stoichiometric balances of the biological equation, mass and energy balances were then made to produce 48 liters of lactic acid daily, which covers the proposed demand (10%). From this, the sizing of the plant was carried out and the respective flow diagrams, blocks and equipment that describe the production process were prepared. Keywords: lactic acid, whey, fermentation, lactobacillus bulgaricus, diagram. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 17 de septiembre de 2019Fecha de aceptación: 09 de diciembre de 2019Fecha de publicación: 10 de enero de 2020 SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2020-01-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/3 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 3 No. 5 (2020): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 25-34 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 3 Núm. 5 (2020): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 25-34 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/3/7 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/3/8 Copyright (c) 2020 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/4 2020-08-27T17:44:21Z ingeniar:ART

elaboration of wine vinegar from mucilage and exudation of creole cocoa (theobroma cacao l.): Bibliographic review article Elaboración de vinagre de vino a partir del mucílago y exudado de cacao criollo (theobroma cacao l.): Artículo de revisión bibliográfica Vera-Loor , José Edwin Cedeño-Palacios, Nathalia Belén Mera-Vélez, Sabina Andrea industria cacaotera cacao criollo Theobroma Cacao L mucílago exudado cocoa industry Creole cocoa Theobroma Cacao L mucilage exudate Large volumes of waste are generated daily by the cocoa industry due to the exclusive use of almonds, this being a problem of environmental impact, such as: contamination of soils and bodies of water, production of foul odors and deterioration of the landscape, due to the pulps and shells discarded on land adjacent to the cocoa plantations. It is for this reason that the purpose of the research is to discuss the theoretical bases that underpin the production of wine vinegar from mucilage and exudate of Creole cocoa (Theobroma Cacao L.), given the need to take advantage of the mucilage discarded in the shells, which represent around 24% of total waste, in order to reduce the environmental impact and contribute to national productivity. Keywords: cocoa industry, Creole cocoa, Theobroma Cacao L., mucilage, exudate. Grandes volúmenes de residuos son generados diariamente por la industria cacaotera debido al aprovechamiento exclusivo de la almendra, siendo este un problema de impacto ambiental que está relacionado con la contaminación de suelos y cuerpos de agua, producción de olores fétidos y deterioro del paisaje. Esto debido a que las pulpas y cáscaras del cacao son desechadas en terrenos aledaños a los cultivos cacaoteros. Es por esta razón, que la investigación tiene como finalidad discutir las bases teóricas que fundamentan la elaboración del vinagre de vino a partir del mucílago y exudado de cacao criollo (Theobroma Cacao L.), dada la necesidad de aprovechar el mucílago desechado en las cáscaras, que representan alrededor del 24% de los residuos totales, para así reducir el impacto ambiental y contribuir a la productividad nacional. Palabras clave: industria cacaotera, cacao criollo, Theobroma Cacao L., mucílago, exudado. Abstract Large volumes of waste are generated daily by the cocoa industry due to the exclusive use of almonds, this being a problem of environmental impact, such as: contamination of soils and bodies of water, production of foul odors and deterioration of the landscape, due to the pulps and shells discarded on land adjacent to the cocoa plantations. It is for this reason that the purpose of the research is to discuss the theoretical bases that underpin the production of wine vinegar from mucilage and exudate of Creole cocoa (Theobroma Cacao L.), given the need to take advantage of the mucilage discarded in the shells, which represent around 24% of total waste, in order to reduce the environmental impact and contribute to national productivity. Keywords: cocoa industry, Creole cocoa, Theobroma Cacao L., mucilage, exudate. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 11 de mayo de 2020Fecha de aceptación: 25 de junio de 2020Fecha de publicación: 10 de julio de 2020 SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2020-07-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/4 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 3 No. 6 (2020): INGENIAR Scientific Journal: Engineering, Technology and Research; 2-13 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 3 Núm. 6 (2020): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 2-13 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/4/9 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/4/10 Copyright (c) 2020 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/5 2020-08-27T17:44:21Z ingeniar:ART

Processes for obtaining rosa petal liquor: Bibliographic review article Procesos de obtención del licor de pétalos de rosas: Artículo de revisión bibliográfica Mendoza-Pico , Vicky rosa extracción sólido-líquido destilación licores rose extraction solid-liquid distillation liqueurs This research work is a bibliographic review focused on obtaining liquor with specific characteristics, which are due to the presence of an essential oil from rose petals, these petals are considered as rejection of the flower industry and its final destination is composting. The use of this by-product lies in the fact that the essential oil manages to modify the flavor and color of the elaborated liquor, giving added value to the final product. To elaborate an alcoholic beverage several processes are considered that can vary depending on the raw material used, these processes can be maceration, steam entrainment, solid-liquid extraction, among others; It is also evident that liqueurs are usually produced with additional substances and among them are flowers such as: rose, lavender, saffron, which are considered the main ingredient. Because in Ecuador 80% of the flower industry belongs to rose plantations that are mostly destined for export, generating waste that is used as composting. The most suitable process for carrying out this product is solid-liquid extraction at room temperature with ethanol as a solvent, this is because ethanol is part of the composition of the final product and also maintains the characteristic properties of the essential oil that is extract from the rose petals. Keywords: rose, extraction, solid-liquid, distillation, liqueurs. El presente trabajo de investigación es una revisión bibliográfica enfocada en la obtención de licor con características específicas, las cuales se deben a la presencia de un aceite esencial proveniente de los pétalos de rosas, estos pétalos son considerados como rechazo de la industria florícola y su destino final es el compostaje. El aprovechamiento de este subproducto radica en que el aceite esencial logra modificar el sabor y color del licor elaborado, dándole un valor agregado al producto final. Para elaborar una bebida alcohólica se consideran varios procesos que pueden variar dependiendo de la materia prima que se utilice, los cuales pueden ser maceración, arrastre de vapor, extracción sólido-liquido, entre otros; además se evidencia que los licores suelen producirse con sustancias adicionales y entre ellas se encuentran flores como: rosa, lavanda, azafrán, que son consideradas como el ingrediente principal. Debido a que en Ecuador el 80% de la industria florícola pertenece a plantaciones de rosas que en su mayoría son destinadas a la exportación, generando residuos que son utilizados como compostaje; el proceso más adecuado para llevar a cabo este producto es la extracción sólido-líquido a temperatura ambiente con etanol como solvente, esto se debe a que el etanol es parte de la composición del producto final y además mantiene las propiedades características del aceite esencial que se extrae de los pétalos de rosas. Palabras clave: rosa, extracción, sólido-líquido, destilación, licores. Abstract This research work is a bibliographic review focused on obtaining liquor with specific characteristics, which are due to the presence of an essential oil from rose petals, these petals are considered as rejection of the flower industry and its final destination is composting. The use of this by-product lies in the fact that the essential oil manages to modify the flavor and color of the elaborated liquor, giving added value to the final product. To elaborate an alcoholic beverage several processes are considered that can vary depending on the raw material used, these processes can be maceration, steam entrainment, solid-liquid extraction, among others; It is also evident that liqueurs are usually produced with additional substances and among them are flowers such as: rose, lavender, saffron, which are considered the main ingredient. Because in Ecuador 80% of the flower industry belongs to rose plantations that are mostly destined for export, generating waste that is used as composting. The most suitable process for carrying out this product is solid-liquid extraction at room temperature with ethanol as a solvent, this is because ethanol is part of the composition of the final product and also maintains the characteristic properties of the essential oil that is extract from the rose petals. Keywords: rose, extraction, solid-liquid, distillation, liqueurs. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 06 de abril de 2020Fecha de aceptación: 29 de junio de 2020Fecha de publicación: 10 de julio de 2020 SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2020-07-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/5 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 3 No. 6 (2020): INGENIAR Scientific Journal: Engineering, Technology and Research; 14-22 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 3 Núm. 6 (2020): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 14-22 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/5/11 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/5/12 Copyright (c) 2020 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/6 2020-08-27T16:47:49Z ingeniar:ART

Obtaining of ethyl alcohol from two varieties of cabuya: alternative for its industrialization: Investigation article Obtención de alcohol etílico a partir de dos variedades de cabuya: alternativa para su industrialización: Artículo de investigación Loor-Ponce, Dimas etanol cabuya destilación fermentación mosto tequila ethanol cabuya distillation fermentation must tequila This research project studies the use of native plants of Furcraea cabuya var. integra and Furcraea cabuya var. cabuya from the Ecuadorian coast harvested in the towns of: Ayampe, Montecristi, Tosagua, Portoviejo, with the main objective of obtaining ethyl alcohol through fermentation, distillation and filtration in order to achieve an alcoholic beverage suitable for human consumption. In the conditioning and experimental development, the different parameters are considered, such as the different cooking times and temperatures, the tests with different types of inocula and yeast concentrations, as well as different nutritional supplements (with special attention to the nitrogen source). Establishing optimum temperature for the hydrolysis of inulin 117 ° C for 4 hours and the optimal fermentation process using commercial active dry yeast at 1% w / v with respect to the must and a supplementation with ammonium sulfate of 0.15 g / 100mL of must. The rectified cabuya must gives us a drink with an exquisite Tequila flavor, which after being sensorially evaluated showed that our liquor is within the parameters of consumer acceptance. Keywords: ethanol, cabuya, distillation, fermentation, must, tequila.   Este proyecto de investigación estudia la utilización de plantas nativas de Furcraea cabuya var. integra y Furcraea cabuya var. cabuya del litoral ecuatoriano, cosechadas en los poblados de: Ayampe, Montecristi, Tosagua, Portoviejo, con el objetivo principal de obtener alcohol etílico mediante la fermentación, destilación y filtración y de esta forma conseguir una bebida alcohólica apta para el consumo humano. En el acondicionamiento y desarrollo experimental se consideran los diferentes parámetros como los diferentes tiempos y temperaturas de cocción, las pruebas con diferentes tipos de inóculos y concentraciones de levaduras, además de diferentes suplementaciones nutritivas (con especial atención a la fuente de nitrógeno). Estableciendo como temperatura óptima para la hidrólisis de la inulina 117 °C durante 4 horas y el proceso fermentativo óptimo utilizando levadura seca activa comercial al 1% p/v con respecto al mosto y una suplementación con sulfato de amonio de 0,15 g/100mL de mosto. El mosto de cabuya rectificado genera una bebida con exquisito sabor a Tequila, la cual luego de ser evaluada sensorialmente demostró que el licor producido se encuentra dentro de los parámetros de aceptación de los consumidores. Palabras clave: etanol, cabuya, destilación, fermentación, mosto, tequila. Abstract This research project studies the use of native plants of Furcraea cabuya var. integra and Furcraea cabuya var. cabuya from the Ecuadorian coast harvested in the towns of: Ayampe, Montecristi, Tosagua, Portoviejo, with the main objective of obtaining ethyl alcohol through fermentation, distillation and filtration in order to achieve an alcoholic beverage suitable for human consumption. In the conditioning and experimental development, the different parameters are considered, such as the different cooking times and temperatures, the tests with different types of inocula and yeast concentrations, as well as different nutritional supplements (with special attention to the nitrogen source). Establishing optimum temperature for the hydrolysis of inulin 117 ° C for 4 hours and the optimal fermentation process using commercial active dry yeast at 1% w / v with respect to the must and a supplementation with ammonium sulfate of 0.15 g / 100mL of must. The rectified cabuya must gives us a drink with an exquisite Tequila flavor, which after being sensorially evaluated showed that our liquor is within the parameters of consumer acceptance. Keywords: ethanol, cabuya, distillation, fermentation, must, tequila. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 19 de octubre de 2017Fecha de aceptación: 06 de diciembre de 2017Fecha de publicación: 10 de enero de 2018 SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2018-01-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/6 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2018): INGENIAR Scientific Journal: Engineering, Technology and Research; 2-16 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 1 Núm. 1 (2018): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 2-16 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/6/13 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/6/14 Copyright (c) 2018 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/7 2020-08-27T16:47:49Z ingeniar:ART

Optimization of the process for discharging crude palm oil in the extractors in zone 4 of Ecuador: Investigation article Optimización del proceso de descarga de aceite crudo de palma en las extractoras de la zona 4 del Ecuador: Artículo de investigación Andrade-Bastidas, Paulo extractoras aceite crudo tanqueros descargas calentamiento extractors crude oil tankers discharges heating Currently, companies that process oilseed products use raw palm as their main raw material, from which RBD palm, olein, stearin, fatty acids, among others, are derived. Which is why the extractors that cover Zone 4 of Ecuador have a great demand in the sale of this product, whose transportation is carried out by tankers. However, the delivery of this product generates inconveniences, because the product must be kept warm during storage in the tankers to avoid losses due to solidification of the product. The latter causes the extraction company to suffer an economic loss. This amount does not affect customers, since they cancel the value for the amount they receive, but it does affect the extractors because they earn financially for the amount delivered. Based on this analysis, an experimental design was carried out to determine and quantify the monthly amounts of product not downloaded and what it represents in money. A proposal is put forward in this work so that the tankers have an internal heating system (coil), and this can allow the product to be ready for unloading, thus achieving a greater use of the delivered product. Keywords: extractors, crude oil, tankers, discharges, heating. En la actualidad, las empresas que procesan productos oleaginosos utilizan como materia prima principal la Palma cruda, de la cual se derivan la Palma RBD, oleína, estearina, ácidos grasos, entre otros. Razón por la cual las extractoras que cubren la Zona 4 del Ecuador tienen una gran demanda en la venta de este producto, cuya transportación se realiza mediante tanqueros. No obstante, la entrega de este producto genera inconvenientes, debido a que el producto debe mantenerse caliente durante su almacenamiento en los tanqueros para evitar las pérdidas por solidificación del producto. Esto último hace que la empresa extractora sufra una pérdida económica. Esta cantidad no afecta a los clientes, ya que cancelan el valor por la cantidad que reciben, pero sí afecta a las extractoras porque ellas ganan económicamente por la cantidad entregada. Basándonos en este análisis se realizó un diseño experimental para poder determinar y cuantificar las cantidades mensuales de producto no descargado y lo que representa en dinero. Se plantea en este trabajo una propuesta para que los tanqueros tengan un sistema interno de calentamiento (serpentín), y este pueda permitir que el producto esté listo para las descargas, logrando así un mayor aprovechamiento del producto entregado. Palabras clave: extractoras, aceite crudo, tanqueros, descargas, calentamiento. Abstract Currently, companies that process oilseed products use raw palm as their main raw material, from which RBD palm, olein, stearin, fatty acids, among others, are derived. Which is why the extractors that cover Zone 4 of Ecuador have a great demand in the sale of this product, whose transportation is carried out by tankers. However, the delivery of this product generates inconveniences, because the product must be kept warm during storage in the tankers to avoid losses due to solidification of the product. The latter causes the extraction company to suffer an economic loss. This amount does not affect customers, since they cancel the value for the amount they receive, but it does affect the extractors because they earn financially for the amount delivered. Based on this analysis, an experimental design was carried out to determine and quantify the monthly amounts of product not downloaded and what it represents in money. A proposal is put forward in this work so that the tankers have an internal heating system (coil), and this can allow the product to be ready for unloading, thus achieving a greater use of the delivered product. Keywords: extractors, crude oil, tankers, discharges, heating. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 11 de septiembre de 2017Fecha de aceptación: 20 de diciembre de 2017Fecha de publicación: 10 de enero de 2018 SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2018-01-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/7 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2018): INGENIAR Scientific Journal: Engineering, Technology and Research; 17-27 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 1 Núm. 1 (2018): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 17-27 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/7/15 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/7/16 Copyright (c) 2018 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/8 2020-08-27T17:41:02Z ingeniar:ART

Obtaining of wine vinegar from the mucílago and exuded from creole cocoa (Theobroma Cacao L.): Investigation article Obtención de vinagre de vino a partir del mucílago y exudado de cacao criollo (Theobroma Cacao L.): Artículo de investigación Vera-Loor, José Edwin Mera-Vélez, Sabina Andrea Morales-Paredes, Carlos Augusto Loor-Vélez, Joselyn Dayanari cacao criollo exudado mucílago Theobroma Cacao L. vinagre vino Creole cocoa exudate mucilage Theobroma Cacao L. vinegar wine The present work is based on obtaining wine vinegar from the capture of the residues resulting from the spontaneous fermentation of cocoa, through two separate microbial processes; being first an alcoholic fermentation of the natural sugars present in the cocoa mucilage, in a range of 10 to 15%, adding sucrose to rectify the soluble solids content for the action and conversion of the genus Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, and secondly the fermentation oxidative of the alcohol obtained, for this the chemical characterization of the substrate was carried out, establishing the optimal conditions for acetic fermentation with the help of acetic acid bacteria. An experimental design was carried out in triplicate at different concentrations (0.11; 0.16; 0.20) g / L each with and without administration of a nitrogen source, obtaining in the A1B1 combination a greater reduction in Brix degrees, based on this, a laboratory-scale bioreactor with oxygen injection (from an air pump) and room temperature was designed, using a vinegar stem obtained from the native bacteria of the mucilage and cocoa exudate, in this way a cocoa wine vinegar was obtained with results of 18.8 g of acetic acid / L in a time of 108 hours of fermentation. Keywords: Creole cocoa, exudate, mucilage, Theobroma Cacao L, vinegar, wine. El presente trabajo se basa en la obtención de vinagre de vino a partir de los residuos de la fermentación espontánea del cacao, mediante dos procesos microbianos separados; siendo primero una fermentación alcohólica de los azúcares naturales presentes en el mucílago de cacao, en un rango de 10 a 15%, adicionando sacarosa para rectificar el contenido de sólidos solubles para la acción y conversión del género Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, y en segundo lugar, la fermentación oxidativa del alcohol obtenido; para esto se realizó la caracterización química del sustrato, estableciendo las condiciones óptimas para una fermentación acética con ayuda de las bacterias ácido acéticas. Se llevó a cabo un diseño experimental por triplicado a diferentes concentraciones (0,11; 0,16; 0,20) g/L cada una con y sin administración de fuente de nitrógeno, obteniendo en la combinación A1B1 mayor reducción de grados Brix. Se diseñó un biorreactor a escala de laboratorio con inyección de oxígeno (proveniente de una bomba de aire) y temperatura ambiente, empleando una madre de vinagre obtenida a partir de las bacterias nativas del mucílago y exudado de cacao, de esta forma se obtuvo un vinagre de vino de cacao con una composición de 18,8 g de ácido acético/L en un tiempo de 108 horas de fermentación. Palabras clave: cacao criollo, exudado, mucílago, Theobroma Cacao L., vinagre, vino. Abstract The present work is based on obtaining wine vinegar from the capture of the residues resulting from the spontaneous fermentation of cocoa, through two separate microbial processes; being first an alcoholic fermentation of the natural sugars present in the cocoa mucilage, in a range of 10 to 15%, adding sucrose to rectify the soluble solids content for the action and conversion of the genus Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, and secondly the fermentation oxidative of the alcohol obtained, for this the chemical characterization of the substrate was carried out, establishing the optimal conditions for acetic fermentation with the help of acetic acid bacteria. An experimental design was carried out in triplicate at different concentrations (0.11; 0.16; 0.20) g / L each with and without administration of a nitrogen source, obtaining in the A1B1 combination a greater reduction in Brix degrees, based on this, a laboratory-scale bioreactor with oxygen injection (from an air pump) and room temperature was designed, using a vinegar stem obtained from the native bacteria of the mucilage and cocoa exudate, in this way a cocoa wine vinegar was obtained with results of 18.8 g of acetic acid / L in a time of 108 hours of fermentation. Keywords: Creole cocoa, exudate, mucilage, Theobroma Cacao L, vinegar, wine. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 29 de marzo de 2018Fecha de aceptación: 18 de mayo de 2018Fecha de publicación: 10 de julio de 2018 SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2018-07-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/8 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2018): INGENIAR Scientific Journal: Engineering, Technology and Research; 2-12 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 1 Núm. 2 (2018): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 2-12 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/8/17 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/8/18 Copyright (c) 2018 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/9 2020-08-27T17:41:02Z ingeniar:ART

Design and study of the electrical distribution of a university square. Case Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Ecuador.: Investigation article Diseño y estudio de la distribución eléctrica de una plaza universitaria. Caso Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Ecuador.: Artículo de investigación García-Sánchez, Óscar diseño planos eléctricos demanda eléctrica carga eléctrica design electric plans electric demand electric charge The Technical University of Manabí does not have a place for multiple activities, which is why the creation of a university place has been proposed and analyzed, for this both architectural, civil and electrical studies and designs have been proposed. This research focuses on the design and study of the electrical distribution of the university plaza at the Technical University of Manabí. The load study of each of the premises incorporated into the university plaza was carried out, determining the caliber of the conductor, and consequently it was used as a connection for each of the branch circuits within the plaza. It must be taken into account that the designs of the university plaza enhance university activity both from the aesthetic and from the technical point of view. Once the pipes were placed, the rectangular and octagonal boxes were located, from there we proceeded to make the respective light and power wiring, which come out of a thermal protection box. Metal furniture was also placed in the study area to define the electrical installations in a suitable way so that the students can develop their student activities without any problem. It is concluded that students will have a place where they can combine their activities, at the same time they will have at their disposal a comfortable place where they can comfortably develop their various educational and social activities. Keywords: design, electric plans, electric demand, electric charge. La Universidad Técnica de Manabí no cuenta con una plaza de actividades múltiples, por lo cual se ha planteado y analizado la creación de una plaza universitaria, para esto se han planteado estudios y diseños tanto arquitectónicos, civiles y eléctricos. La presente investigación se enfoca en el diseño y estudio de la distribución eléctrica de la plaza universitaria en la Universidad Técnica de Manabí. Se realizó el estudio de carga de cada uno de los locales incorporados a la plaza universitaria, determinando el calibre del conductor, y consecuentemente se utilizó como acometida para cada uno de los circuitos derivados dentro de la plaza. Se debe de tomar en cuenta que los diseños de la plaza universitaria potencian la actividad universitaria tanto desde lo estético como desde el apartado técnico. Una vez colocadas las tuberías se ubicaron las cajas rectangulares como octagonales, de allí se procedió a realizar el respectivo cableado de luz y de fuerza, los cuales salen de una caja de protección térmica. También se colocó mobiliario metálico en el área de estudio para definir las instalaciones eléctricas de forma adecuada para que los estudiantes puedan desarrollar sin ningún problema sus actividades estudiantiles. Se concluye que los estudiantes tendrán un lugar en el que pueden combinar sus actividades, al mismo tiempo tendrán a disposición un lugar confortable en el que podrán desarrollar cómodamente sus diversas actividades tanto educativas como sociables. Palabras clave: diseño, planos eléctricos, demanda eléctrica, carga eléctrica. Abstract The Technical University of Manabí does not have a place for multiple activities, which is why the creation of a university place has been proposed and analyzed, for this both architectural, civil and electrical studies and designs have been proposed. This research focuses on the design and study of the electrical distribution of the university plaza at the Technical University of Manabí. The load study of each of the premises incorporated into the university plaza was carried out, determining the caliber of the conductor, and consequently it was used as a connection for each of the branch circuits within the plaza. It must be taken into account that the designs of the university plaza enhance university activity both from the aesthetic and from the technical point of view. Once the pipes were placed, the rectangular and octagonal boxes were located, from there we proceeded to make the respective light and power wiring, which come out of a thermal protection box. Metal furniture was also placed in the study area to define the electrical installations in a suitable way so that the students can develop their student activities without any problem. It is concluded that students will have a place where they can combine their activities, at the same time they will have at their disposal a comfortable place where they can comfortably develop their various educational and social activities. Keywords: design, electric plans, electric demand, electric charge. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 02 de mayo de 2018Fecha de aceptación: 22 de junio de 2018Fecha de publicación: 10 de julio de 2018 SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2018-07-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/9 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2018): INGENIAR Scientific Journal: Engineering, Technology and Research; 13-22 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 1 Núm. 2 (2018): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 13-22 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/9/19 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/9/20 Copyright (c) 2018 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/10 2020-08-27T17:41:02Z ingeniar:ART

Elaboration of a bouillón from shrimp by-products (Penaeus Vannamei): Investigation article Elaboración de un bouillón a partir de los subproductos del camarón (Penaeus Vannamei): Artículo de investigación Silva-Espinel, José subproductos camarón Penaeus vannamei exportación bouillón by-products shrimp Penaeus vannamei export bouillon The purpose of this research work is to use shrimp by-products (Penaeus Vannamei) to make bouillon. In Ecuador, shrimp exports during the last two decades have represented an important item for obtaining foreign exchange. The National Chamber of Aquaculture records that in 2003 Ecuador exported 114,765,210 pounds of shrimp, which is equivalent to 52,166 tons per year in various presentations, with a value of $ 278.8 million and was established as the third export product. Unfortunately, these industries generate large amounts of head and shell waste and other waste in general; approximately 65 and 70% correspond to the tail of the shrimp, so the percentage of waste constitutes 30 and 35%. For this reason, this research paper presents an option for the development of an edible product based on shrimp flour with the addition of jalapeño pepper (Bouillón). The bouillon made with 25% flour from the shrimp by-product and 1.5% jalapeño flour was the treatment with the greatest acceptance according to the sensory evaluation carried out. This treatment was highlighted in color, flavor and general acceptability evaluations. Keywords: by-products, shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, export, bouillon. El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como propósito utilizar los subproductos del camarón (Penaeus Vannamei) en la elaboración de un bouillón. En Ecuador, la exportación de camarón durante las dos últimas décadas ha representado un rubro importante para la obtención de divisas. La Cámara Nacional De Acuacultura registra que en el año 2003 Ecuador exportó 114.765.210 libras de camarón que equivalen a 52.166 toneladas al año en diversas presentaciones, con un valor de $278,8 millones y se constituyó como el tercer producto de exportación. Lamentablemente estas industrias generan grandes cantidades de desechos de cabezas y caparazones y otros desperdicios en general, aproximadamente el 65 y el 70 % corresponde a la cola del camarón, por lo que el porcentaje de desperdicios constituye el 30 y el 35%. Por tal motivo, en el presente trabajo de investigación se presenta una opción para desarrollo de un producto comestible a base de harina de camarón con adición de ají jalapeño (Bouillón). El bouillón elaborado con 25% de harina del subproducto de camarón y 1,5% de harina de jalapeño fue el tratamiento con mayor aceptación de acuerdo a la evaluación sensorial realizada. Este tratamiento se destacó en las evaluaciones de color, sabor y aceptabilidad general. Palabras clave: subproductos, camarón, Penaeus vannamei, exportación, bouillón. Abstract The purpose of this research work is to use shrimp by-products (Penaeus Vannamei) to make bouillon. In Ecuador, shrimp exports during the last two decades have represented an important item for obtaining foreign exchange. The National Chamber of Aquaculture records that in 2003 Ecuador exported 114,765,210 pounds of shrimp, which is equivalent to 52,166 tons per year in various presentations, with a value of $ 278.8 million and was established as the third export product. Unfortunately, these industries generate large amounts of head and shell waste and other waste in general; approximately 65 and 70% correspond to the tail of the shrimp, so the percentage of waste constitutes 30 and 35%. For this reason, this research paper presents an option for the development of an edible product based on shrimp flour with the addition of jalapeño pepper (Bouillón). The bouillon made with 25% flour from the shrimp by-product and 1.5% jalapeño flour was the treatment with the greatest acceptance according to the sensory evaluation carried out. This treatment was highlighted in color, flavor and general acceptability evaluations. Keywords: by-products, shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, export, bouillon. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 16 de abril de 2018Fecha de aceptación: 27 de junio de 2018Fecha de publicación: 10 de julio de 2018 SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2018-07-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/10 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2018): INGENIAR Scientific Journal: Engineering, Technology and Research; 23-32 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 1 Núm. 2 (2018): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 23-32 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/10/21 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/10/22 Copyright (c) 2018 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/11 2020-08-27T17:41:48Z ingeniar:ART

Optimization of the process of making tuna pouches in “Fishcorp. S.A.”, Ecuador: Investigation article Optimización del proceso de elaboración de pouch de atún en “Fishcorp. S.A.”, Ecuador: Artículo de investigación Macías-López, Diango envases flexibles pouch Fishcorp. S.A. procesos productividad rentabilidad flexible packaging pouch Fishcorp. S.A. processes productivity profitability Nowadays, the growing popularity of flexible pouch-type containers is a palpable reality, marking a trend that clearly stands out in food production processes, and especially in canned tuna, due to its great versatility, in addition to the numerous advantages vs. rigid packaging, like glass or cans. Among these advantages, the main factor is a lower cost of production and therefore more comfortable profit margins. For this reason, a project has been considered to determine the feasibility of optimizing the process of making pouch at the Fishcorp company. S.A., determining different aspects that must be considered if the implementation is feasible. Within the technical analysis, the restrictions that limited the growth and fluidity of the process are determined, and through the application of proprietary process engineering methodologies, improvements are identified that allow the monitoring of results with real production information and positive variations in terms of productivity and profitability in the process. Keywords: flexible packaging, pouch, Fishcorp. S.A, processes, productivity, profitability. En la actualidad es una realidad palpable la creciente popularidad de los envases flexibles tipo pouch, marcando una tendencia que destaca claramente en los procesos de producción alimenticia, y de manera especial en las conservas de atún, por su gran versatilidad, además de las numerosas ventajas frente a envases rígidos, como vidrio o latas. Entre estas ventajas destaca como principal factor un menor costo de producción y por ende márgenes de ganancia más holgados. Por esta razón se ha considerado realizar un proyecto en el cual se determine la factibilidad de optimizar el proceso de elaboración de pouch en la empresa Fishcorp. S.A, determinando diferentes aspectos que deberán ser considerados de resultar factible la implantación. Dentro del análisis técnico se determinan las restricciones que limitaban el crecimiento y fluidez del proceso, y mediante la aplicación de metodologías propias de ingeniería de procesos se identifica mejoras, que permitan el seguimiento de resultados con información real de producción y las variaciones positivas en términos de productividad y rentabilidad en el proceso. Palabras clave: envases flexibles, pouch, Fishcorp. S.A, procesos, productividad, rentabilidad. Abstract Nowadays, the growing popularity of flexible pouch-type containers is a palpable reality, marking a trend that clearly stands out in food production processes, and especially in canned tuna, due to its great versatility, in addition to the numerous advantages vs. rigid packaging, like glass or cans. Among these advantages, the main factor is a lower cost of production and therefore more comfortable profit margins. For this reason, a project has been considered to determine the feasibility of optimizing the process of making pouch at the Fishcorp company. S.A., determining different aspects that must be considered if the implementation is feasible. Within the technical analysis, the restrictions that limited the growth and fluidity of the process are determined, and through the application of proprietary process engineering methodologies, improvements are identified that allow the monitoring of results with real production information and positive variations in terms of productivity and profitability in the process. Keywords: flexible packaging, pouch, Fishcorp. S.A, processes, productivity, profitability. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 05 de septiembre de 2018Fecha de aceptación: 28 de noviembre de 2018Fecha de publicación: 10 de enero de 2019 SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2019-01-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/11 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 2 No. 3 (2019): INGENIAR Scientific Journal: Engineering, Technology and Research; 2-13 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 2 Núm. 3 (2019): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 2-13 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/11/23 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/11/24 Copyright (c) 2019 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/12 2020-08-27T17:41:48Z ingeniar:ART

Extraction of mandarin (citrus reticulata) and palo santo (Bursera Graveolens) essential oils by the vapor drawing method: Investigation article Extracción de aceites esenciales de mandarina (citrus reticulata) y palo santo (Bursera Graveolens) por el método de arrastre de vapor: Artículo de investigación Briones-Sornoza, Henry Ricardo Guerrero-Intriago, Dumar Andrés aceite esencial arrastre de vapor diseño extracción mandarina palo santo essential oil steam entrainment design extraction tangerine palo santo Essential oils are volatile liquid fractions, several are homogeneous mixtures of up to 100 organic chemical compounds, which are the products of plant material from waste. The objective of this work is to extract essential oils from palo santo and tangerine using the steam drag extraction method, for which purpose, the design and construction and experimentation of a bank-scale team, implementation of analysis and fundamentals of engineering from different bibliographic sources. The tests that are in the equipment designed for the distillation by steam dragging on a bench scale presented as results yields with the palo santo of 2.7985% and 4.3425%, however, the tangerine peel obtained a yield of 0.0816%, which indicating a very low result compared to palo santo, however, compared to other bibliographic sources, the extraction of tangerine oil obtained a higher yield. Keywords: essential oil, steam entrainment, design, extraction, tangerine, palo santo. Los aceites esenciales son fracciones líquidas volátiles, generalmente son mezclas homogéneas de hasta 100 compuestos químicos orgánicos, que se obtienen del material vegetal proveniente de los desechos. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo extraer aceites esenciales de palo santo y de mandarina mediante el método de extracción por arrastre de vapor, para lo cual, se realizó el diseño, construcción y experimentación de un equipo a escala banco, implementando cálculos y fundamentos ingenieriles obtenidos de diferentes fuentes bibliográficas. Las pruebas que se realizaron en el equipo diseñado para la destilación por arrastre de vapor a escala banco presentaron los siguientes resultados: palo santo con rendimientos del 2,7985% y de 4,3425%, mientras que, la cáscara de mandarina obtuvo un rendimiento de 0,0816%, lo cual indica un resultado muy bajo en comparación al palo santo; sin embargo, comparado con otras investigaciones la extracción de aceite de mandarina obtuvo un mayor rendimiento. Palabras clave: aceite esencial, arrastre de vapor, diseño, extracción, mandarina, palo santo. Abstract Essential oils are volatile liquid fractions, several are homogeneous mixtures of up to 100 organic chemical compounds, which are the products of plant material from waste. The objective of this work is to extract essential oils from palo santo and tangerine using the steam drag extraction method, for which purpose, the design and construction and experimentation of a bank-scale team, implementation of analysis and fundamentals of engineering from different bibliographic sources. The tests that are in the equipment designed for the distillation by steam dragging on a bench scale presented as results yields with the palo santo of 2.7985% and 4.3425%, however, the tangerine peel obtained a yield of 0.0816%, which indicating a very low result compared to palo santo, however, compared to other bibliographic sources, the extraction of tangerine oil obtained a higher yield. Keywords: essential oil, steam entrainment, design, extraction, tangerine, palo santo. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 25 de octubre de 2018Fecha de aceptación: 17 de diciembre de 2018Fecha de publicación: 10 de enero de 2019 SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2019-01-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/12 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 2 No. 3 (2019): INGENIAR Scientific Journal: Engineering, Technology and Research; 14-23 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 2 Núm. 3 (2019): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 14-23 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/12/25 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/12/26 Copyright (c) 2019 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/13 2020-08-27T17:42:22Z ingeniar:ART

Physical-chemical, microbiological and functional characterization of the extracts of the species purple basil (Ocimum Sanctum): Investigation article Caracterización físico-química, microbiológica y funcional de los extractos de la especie albahaca morada (Ocimum Sanctum): Artículo de investigación Saltos-Bravo, Mercedes Vélez-Álava, Paola albahaca morada antioxidante aceites esenciales extracción extractos purple basil antioxidant essential oils extraction extracts The Purple Basil (Ocimum sanctum) is described as a medicinal and aromatic plant that has antispasmodic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, stimulant, sedative, among others properties. For this reason, the purpose of this research consisted of a physical, chemical, microbiological and functional characterization of the extracts obtained by the different extraction methods such as Clevenger (Hydrodistillation), Soxhlet, ultrasound, maceration, leaching, extracts that were evaluated for possible pharmaceutics use. Through this work we managed to determine physical and chemical properties (yield, organoleptic properties, density, pH). Likewise, the antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the antibiogram technique of diffusion of disc-plate in agar, tested in gram-negative bacteria like Salmonella and E. coli, in concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 (mg/mL) respectively, showing that these Microorganisms are more sensitive to essential oil at a concentration of 60,27 (mg/mL). Finally, the essential oil was the one that showed better results in all the analyses carried out so that it is emphasized in the use of this for the future development of phytopharmaceuticals. Keywords: purple basil, antioxidant, essential oils, extraction, extracts. La Albahaca Morada (Ocimum sanctum) se describe como una planta medicinal y aromática que tiene propiedades antiespasmódicas, antibacterianas, antiinflamatorias, estimulantes, sedantes, entre otras. Por tal motivo el propósito de esta investigación consistió en una caracterización física, química, microbiológica y funcional de los extractos obtenidos por los diferentes métodos de extracción como clevenger (hidrodestilación), soxhlet, ultrasonido, maceración, lixiviación; estos extractos fueron evaluados para un posible uso fitofarmacéutico. Mediante este trabajo se logró determinar propiedades físicas y químicas (rendimiento, propiedades organolépticas, densidad, pH). Así mismo, se evaluó la actividad antimicrobiana por la técnica antibiograma de difusión de disco-placa en agar, probada en bacterias Gram negativas como Salmonella y E. coli, en concentraciones de 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 (mg/mL) respectivamente, mostrando que estos microorganismos son más sensibles al aceite esencial a una concentración de 60,27 (mg/ml). Finalmente, el aceite esencial fue el que mostró mejores resultados en todos los análisis realizados por lo que se hace énfasis en el aprovechamiento de este para el futuro desarrollo de fitofármacos. Palabras clave: albahaca morada, antioxidante, aceites esenciales, extracción, extractos. Abstract The Purple Basil (Ocimum sanctum) is described as a medicinal and aromatic plant that has antispasmodic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, stimulant, sedative, among others properties. For this reason, the purpose of this research consisted of a physical, chemical, microbiological and functional characterization of the extracts obtained by the different extraction methods such as Clevenger (Hydrodistillation), Soxhlet, ultrasound, maceration, leaching, extracts that were evaluated for possible pharmaceutics use. Through this work we managed to determine physical and chemical properties (yield, organoleptic properties, density, pH). Likewise, the antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the antibiogram technique of diffusion of disc-plate in agar, tested in gram-negative bacteria like Salmonella and E. coli, in concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 (mg/mL) respectively, showing that these Microorganisms are more sensitive to essential oil at a concentration of 60,27 (mg/mL). Finally, the essential oil was the one that showed better results in all the analyses carried out so that it is emphasized in the use of this for the future development of phytopharmaceuticals. Keywords: purple basil, antioxidant, essential oils, extraction, extracts. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 03 de junio de 2019Fecha de aceptación: 04 de julio de 2019Fecha de publicación: 10 de julio de 2019 SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2019-07-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/13 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 2 No. 4 (2019): INGENIAR Scientific Journal: Engineering, Technology and Research; 2-11 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 2 Núm. 4 (2019): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 2-11 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/13/27 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/13/28 Copyright (c) 2019 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/14 2020-08-27T17:42:22Z ingeniar:ART

Optimization of the olein oil production process: Investigation article Optimización del proceso productivo de aceite de oleína: Artículo de investigación Andrade-Bastidas, Paulo optimización cinta métrica carrotanque reproceso medidor de flujo optimization flexometer water tank reprocess flowmeter Fabril S.A is a company that manufactures, markets and exports oilseed products, hygiene and personal care products in the form of articles for mass consumption and ingredients for industrial use. Within the processes of this company we are going to focus on one of them. The process to be optimized is "Olein oil exports", since the average number of tank cars exported per week is 10 units. During the filling process, a measuring tape is used to control the filling and ensure that the amount of product does not exceed the limits established by customers, national and international laws. This means that there are many reprocesses and loss of time, since the personnel in charge have many errors during filling, when this happens the export process cannot continue (a bottleneck is created), therefore, new activities are carried out to correct the weight. In this way, the restriction affects the entire supply chain by losing time, money, resources, since the bottleneck affects the preparation and distribution of the final product. Based on this analysis, an improvement proposal is made, where the Olein export process will be optimized through Business Case and the implementation of an automated flow meter that allows the fillings to be more exact with a maximum variation of 0, 1%, thus eliminating downtime, reprocessing, and optimizing resources. Keywords: optimization, flexometer, water tank, reprocess, flowmeter. La Fabril S.A es una empresa que fabrica, comercializa y exporta productos oleaginosos, productos de higiene y cuidado personal en forma de artículos para consumo masivo e ingredientes para uso industrial. Dentro de los procesos de esta compañía nos vamos a enfocar en uno de ellos. El proceso a optimizar son las “Exportaciones de aceite de Oleína”, puesto que el promedio de carrotanques exportados por semana es de 10 unidades. Durante el proceso de llenado se utiliza una cinta métrica para controlar el llenado y tratar que la cantidad de producto no exceda los límites establecidos por los clientes, leyes nacionales e internacionales. Esto hace que existan muchos reprocesos y pérdidas de tiempos, ya que el personal encargado tiene muchos errores durante el llenado, cuando esto ocurre el proceso de exportación no puede continuar (se crea un cuello de botella), por lo tanto, se realizan nuevas actividades para corregir el peso. De esta manera la restricción afecta a toda la cadena de suministro al perder tiempo, dinero, recursos, ya que el cuello de botella incide en la preparación y distribución del producto final. En base a este análisis se realiza una propuesta de mejora, donde se optimizará el proceso de exportaciones de Oleína mediante Business Case y la puesta en marcha de un medidor de flujo automatizado que permita que los llenados sean más exactos con una variación máxima del 0,1%, eliminando de esta forma tiempos muertos, reprocesos, y optimizando los recursos. Palabras clave: optimización, cinta métrica, carrotanque, reproceso, medidor de flujo. Abstract Fabril S.A is a company that manufactures, markets and exports oilseed products, hygiene and personal care products in the form of articles for mass consumption and ingredients for industrial use. Within the processes of this company we are going to focus on one of them. The process to be optimized is "Olein oil exports", since the average number of tank cars exported per week is 10 units. During the filling process, a measuring tape is used to control the filling and ensure that the amount of product does not exceed the limits established by customers, national and international laws. This means that there are many reprocesses and loss of time, since the personnel in charge have many errors during filling, when this happens the export process cannot continue (a bottleneck is created), therefore, new activities are carried out to correct the weight. In this way, the restriction affects the entire supply chain by losing time, money, resources, since the bottleneck affects the preparation and distribution of the final product. Based on this analysis, an improvement proposal is made, where the Olein export process will be optimized through Business Case and the implementation of an automated flow meter that allows the fillings to be more exact with a maximum variation of 0, 1%, thus eliminating downtime, reprocessing, and optimizing resources. Keywords: optimization, flexometer, water tank, reprocess, flowmeter. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 30 de abril de 2019Fecha de aceptación: 24 de junio de 2019Fecha de publicación: 10 de julio de 2019 SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2019-07-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/14 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 2 No. 4 (2019): INGENIAR Scientific Journal: Engineering, Technology and Research; 12-23 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 2 Núm. 4 (2019): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 12-23 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/14/29 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/14/30 Copyright (c) 2019 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/15 2020-08-27T17:42:22Z ingeniar:ART

Production of rose petals liquor in a semicontinuous regime: Investigation article Producción de licor de pétalos de rosas en régimen semicontinuo: Artículo de investigación Mendoza-Pico, Vicky García-Mujica, Robert Morales-Paredes, Carlos Augusto licor aceite esencial rosas licor de rosas semicontinuo liquor essential oil roses rose liquor semi-continuous This article is based on the study of the scaling of the production of a liquor based on rose petals, where the main research parameters that involve carrying out an analysis of the raw material and the relationship between raw material and product are established. final. Next, the laboratory scale production process was designed as a starting point to obtain a balance of materials and to be able to go from laboratory scale to industrial scale production for a final production of 50 L per batch. With the data from the experimentation and the scaling, a plan of the distribution of the production process in the plant was carried out, which is developed in 7 processes, of which the solid-liquid extraction stands out as the main process, which is where the extraction of the essential oil of rose petals by using the solvent that in this case is ethanol at 95 °. The plant equipment necessary to meet the final production volume was also defined. The project ends with the physical-chemical analysis of the final product, where it was established that the liquor complies with the INEN 1837 Standards for the manufacture of alcoholic beverages specifically for liqueurs, obtaining in our product an alcoholic degree of 25 °, the presence of methanol and furfural that were negative for the product. Keywords: liquor, essential oil, roses, rose liquor, semi-continuous. El presente manuscrito se basa en el estudio del escalamiento de la producción de un licor a base de pétalos de rosas, donde se establecen los principales parámetros de investigación que involucran llevar a cabo un análisis de la materia prima y la relación entre materia prima y producto final. A continuación, se diseñó el proceso productivo a escala laboratorio como punto de partida para obtener un balance de materiales y poder pasar de escala de laboratorio a una producción en régimen semicontinuo para una producción final de 50 L por lote. Con los datos de la experimentación y el escalado se realizó un plano de la distribución del proceso productivo en la planta, el cual se desarrolla en 7 etapas; se destaca como proceso principal, la técnica de extracción solido-líquido que es donde interviene la extracción del aceite esencial de los pétalos de rosas por medio de la utilización de un solvente que para este caso es el etanol a 95°. También se definieron los equipos de la planta necesarios para cumplir con el volumen de producción final. El proyecto finaliza con el análisis físico-químico del producto, donde se estableció que el licor cumple con las Normas INEN 1837 para la elaboración de bebidas alcohólicas en específico para licores, obteniendo en este producto un grado alcohólico de 25°. Finalmente, se analizó la presencia de metanol y furfural que dieron negativos para el producto. Palabras clave: licor, aceite esencial, rosas, licor de rosas, semicontinuo. Abstract This article is based on the study of the scaling of the production of a liquor based on rose petals, where the main research parameters that involve carrying out an analysis of the raw material and the relationship between raw material and product are established. final. Next, the laboratory scale production process was designed as a starting point to obtain a balance of materials and to be able to go from laboratory scale to industrial scale production for a final production of 50 L per batch. With the data from the experimentation and the scaling, a plan of the distribution of the production process in the plant was carried out, which is developed in 7 processes, of which the solid-liquid extraction stands out as the main process, which is where the extraction of the essential oil of rose petals by using the solvent that in this case is ethanol at 95 °. The plant equipment necessary to meet the final production volume was also defined. The project ends with the physical-chemical analysis of the final product, where it was established that the liquor complies with the INEN 1837 Standards for the manufacture of alcoholic beverages specifically for liqueurs, obtaining in our product an alcoholic degree of 25 °, the presence of methanol and furfural that were negative for the product. Keywords: liquor, essential oil, roses, rose liquor, semi-continuous. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 10 de mayo de 2019Fecha de aceptación: 27 de junio de 2019Fecha de publicación: 10 de julio de 2019 SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2019-07-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/15 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 2 No. 4 (2019): INGENIAR Scientific Journal: Engineering, Technology and Research; 24-37 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 2 Núm. 4 (2019): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 24-37 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/15/31 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/15/32 Copyright (c) 2019 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/16 2020-08-27T17:44:21Z ingeniar:ART

Dehydration kinetics of grape (Vitis Vinifera L.): Investigation article Cinética de deshidratación de la uva (Vitis Vinifera L.): Artículo de investigación Bazurto-Vera, Karol Cevallos-Cedeño, María Vilcacundo-Alcívar, Anlly deshidratación uva tiempo humedad temperatura dehydration grape time humidity temperature The present work is based on the dehydration process of the grape Vitis vinifera L.), this drying process is of great importance since it allows to extend the useful life of any food, obtaining products with higher added value. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the dehydration kinetics of the grapes from the speed curve against the average humidity and the curve of total humidity against time. The moisture content in the grapes is determined by the forced hot air drying method, the limitations in the weight loss of the grapes in relation to time, the sample from time zero was weighed and every 5 minutes for 1 hour and 25 minutes, the procedure was performed at a temperature of 60 °C. When obtaining the data for each weight, for a total of 15 data, the procedures were performed to calculate the total humidity, average humidity, free humidity and the critical speed of drying. The water content in the grape had a final value of 7.02x10-5 kg of water, with a drying speed of 0.095951332 Kg / h and an average humidity of 0.0001016 KgH2O / Kg dry solid. This reflects that the weight loss of the grape is directly proportional to the time and temperature that the sample was sometimes. Keywords: dehydration, grape, time, humidity, temperature. El presente trabajo se fundamenta en el proceso de deshidratación de la uva (Vitis vinifera L.), puesto que el proceso de secado es de gran importancia en diversos procesos químicos industriales, ya que permite alargar la vida útil de cualquier alimento, obteniéndose productos con mayor valor agregado. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la cinética de deshidratación de la uva a partir de la curva de velocidad contra la humedad media y la curva de humedad total contra el tiempo. El contenido de humedad en la uva se determinó por el método de secado por estufa de aire caliente forzado, basándose en la pérdida de peso de la uva en relación al tiempo, la muestra desde el tiempo cero se pesó y cada 5 minutos durante 1 hora y 25 minutos, se realizó el procedimiento a una temperatura de 60°C. Al obtener los datos de cada peso, siendo un total de 15 datos, se realizó los procedimientos para calcular la humedad total, humedad media, humedad libre y la velocidad crítica de secado. El contenido de agua en la uva tuvo un valor final de 7,02x10-5 kg de agua, con una velocidad de secado de 0,095951332 Kg/h y una humedad media de 0,0001016 KgH2O/Kg sólido seco. Se concluye que la pérdida de peso de la uva es directamente proporcional al tiempo y a la temperatura a la que fue sometida la muestra. Palabras clave: deshidratación, uva, tiempo, humedad, temperatura. Abstract The present work is based on the dehydration process of the grape Vitis vinifera L.), this drying process is of great importance since it allows to extend the useful life of any food, obtaining products with higher added value. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the dehydration kinetics of the grapes from the speed curve against the average humidity and the curve of total humidity against time. The moisture content in the grapes is determined by the forced hot air drying method, the limitations in the weight loss of the grapes in relation to time, the sample from time zero was weighed and every 5 minutes for 1 hour and 25 minutes, the procedure was performed at a temperature of 60 °C. When obtaining the data for each weight, for a total of 15 data, the procedures were performed to calculate the total humidity, average humidity, free humidity and the critical speed of drying. The water content in the grape had a final value of 7.02x10-5 kg of water, with a drying speed of 0.095951332 Kg / h and an average humidity of 0.0001016 KgH2O / Kg dry solid. This reflects that the weight loss of the grape is directly proportional to the time and temperature that the sample was sometimes. Keywords: dehydration, grape, time, humidity, temperature. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 30 de abril de 2020 Fecha de aceptación: 22 de junio de 2020Fecha de publicación: 10 de julio de 2020 SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2020-07-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/16 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 3 No. 6 (2020): INGENIAR Scientific Journal: Engineering, Technology and Research; 23-32 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 3 Núm. 6 (2020): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 23-32 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/16/33 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/16/34 Copyright (c) 2020 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/19 2020-11-14T15:18:30Z ingeniar:ART

Results of the anaerobic digestion procedure for the treatment of urban solid waste in Ecuador: Investigation article Resultados del procedimiento de digestión anaeróbica para el tratamiento de residuos sólidos urbanos en Ecuador: Artículo de investigación Muñoz-Menéndez, María Belén Contreras-Moya, Ana Margarita Santos-Herrero, Ronaldo Francisco Regla-Domínguez, Elena Rosa Cárdenas-Ferrer, Teresa Margarita Residuos sólidos urbanos digestión anaeróbica fases separadas análisis de ciclo de vida Solid urban waste anaerobic digestion separate phases Life cycle analysis The control and stabilization problems of conventional anaerobic digestion systems have led to new technological solutions, among them phase separation, which allows the optimization of acidogenesis and methanogenesis separately. The first phase has been little studied and in this phase hydrogen and volatile fatty acids are obtained by fermentation, the applications of which make the acidogenic fermentation process become important and a field of study; presenting itself as a platform that consolidates the biorefinery concept instead of a conventional treatment stage. This work aims to present the results of the anaerobic digestion process of urban solid waste in Manta, Ecuador. From the characterization results, which provide the per capita generation and show that the organic fraction predominates in the composition, the study of the use of said fraction by anaerobic digestion is justified. Keywords: Solid urban waste; anaerobic digestion; separate phases; Life cycle analysis. Los problemas de control y estabilización de los sistemas convencionales de digestión anaerobia han llevado a nuevas soluciones tecnológicas, entre estas la separación de fases, que permite la optimización de la acidogénesis y metanogénesis por separado. La primera fase ha sido poco estudiada y en esta se obtienen, por fermentación, hidrógeno y ácidos grasos volátiles, cuyas aplicaciones hacen que el proceso de fermentación acidogénica tome importancia y sea campo de estudio; presentándose como una plataforma que consolida el concepto de biorefinería en lugar de una etapa de tratamiento convencional. Este trabajo tiene el objetivo de presentar los resultados del proceso de digestión anaeróbica de residuos sólidos urbanos de Manta, Ecuador. A partir de los resultados de caracterización, que aportan la generación percápita y evidencian que en la composición predomina la fracción orgánica, se justifica el estudio de aprovechamiento de dicha fracción mediante digestión anaeróbica. Palabras clave: Residuos sólidos urbanos; digestión anaeróbica; fases separadas; análisis de ciclo de vida. Abstract The control and stabilization problems of conventional anaerobic digestion systems have led to new technological solutions, among them phase separation, which allows the optimization of acidogenesis and methanogenesis separately. The first phase has been little studied and in this phase hydrogen and volatile fatty acids are obtained by fermentation, the applications of which make the acidogenic fermentation process become important and a field of study; presenting itself as a platform that consolidates the biorefinery concept instead of a conventional treatment stage. This work aims to present the results of the anaerobic digestion process of urban solid waste in Manta, Ecuador. From the characterization results, which provide the per capita generation and show that the organic fraction predominates in the composition, the study of the use of said fraction by anaerobic digestion is justified. Keywords: Solid urban waste; anaerobic digestion; separate phases; Life cycle analysis. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 30 de abril de 2020 Fecha de aceptación: 04 de julio de 2020Fecha de publicación: 10 de julio de 2020 SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2020-07-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/19 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 3 No. 6 (2020): INGENIAR Scientific Journal: Engineering, Technology and Research; 33-48 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 3 Núm. 6 (2020): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 33-48 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/19/35 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/19/36 Copyright (c) 2020 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/22 2021-02-17T21:50:17Z ingeniar:ART

Seismic vulnerability in rural houses: the case of Santa Marianita - Manta – Ecuador: Investigation article Vulnerabilidad sísmica en viviendas de zona rural: el caso Santa Marianita – Manta – Ecuador: Artículo de investigación Loor-Loor, Efren Palma-Zambrano, Willians García-Vinces, Lincoln desastres naturales riesgo sísmico vulnerabilidad sísmica viviendas natural disasters seismic risk seismic vulnerability housing Among the factors that affect the construction of structurally vulnerable housing are the socioeconomic conditions of the rural sectors, poor planning, regulation and control to promote human settlements and the inefficient application of construction techniques with local materials. Therefore, the objective of this research is based on determining the vulnerability index of rural homes in the Santa Marianita parish of the city of Manta-Ecuador, since being located in a coastal area of ​​high seismicity it is important to study this parameter, analyzing the technical characteristics of the houses, such as architectural, structural and construction errors. Most of these homes lack the aforementioned characteristics, with low-quality materials and made by the inhabitants of the area themselves. For the research we worked with a sample of 25 homes located in the rugged areas of the rural parish, because it is the area of ​​greatest impact according to its morphology. The field information was collected through the FEMA-154 form, determining the vulnerability and seismic danger of the surveyed homes, the main damages are at the masonry level, followed by the foundation and structural elements such as columns and beams. The results obtained allowed to propose rehabilitation recommendations for rural homes with S indexes lower than 2 and in raising awareness of the inhabitants at the time of executing a work. Keywords: natural disasters, seismic risk, seismic vulnerability, housing. Entre los factores que inciden en la construcción de viviendas estructuralmente vulnerables se encuentran las condiciones socioeconómicas de los sectores rurales, la escasa planificación, regulación y control para promover asentamientos humanos y la ineficiente aplicación de las técnicas constructivas con materiales locales. Por tanto, el objetivo de esta investigación se basa en determinar el índice de vulnerabilidad de viviendas rurales de la parroquia Santa Marianita de la ciudad de Manta-Ecuador, puesto que al estar ubicada en una zona costera de alta sismicidad es importante estudiar este parámetro, analizando las características técnicas de las viviendas, tales como errores arquitectónicos, estructurales y constructivos. La mayoría de estas viviendas carecen de las características antes mencionadas, con materiales de baja calidad y elaboradas por los mismos habitantes de la zona. Para la investigación se trabajó con una muestra de 25 viviendas ubicadas en las zonas abruptas de la parroquia rural, debido a que es la zona de mayor impacto según su morfología. La información de campo se recolectó por medio del formulario FEMA-154, determinando la vulnerabilidad y peligrosidad sísmica de las viviendas encuestadas, los principales daños se encuentran a nivel de mampostería, seguido de la cimentación y elementos estructurales como columnas y vigas. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron proponer recomendaciones de rehabilitación para las viviendas rurales con índices S menores a 2 y en la concientización de los habitantes al momento de ejecutar una obra. Palabras clave: desastres naturales, riesgo sísmico, vulnerabilidad sísmica, viviendas. Abstract Among the factors that affect the construction of structurally vulnerable housing are the socioeconomic conditions of the rural sectors, poor planning, regulation and control to promote human settlements and the inefficient application of construction techniques with local materials. Therefore, the objective of this research is based on determining the vulnerability index of rural homes in the Santa Marianita parish of the city of Manta-Ecuador, since being located in a coastal area of ​​high seismicity it is important to study this parameter, analyzing the technical characteristics of the houses, such as architectural, structural and construction errors. Most of these homes lack the aforementioned characteristics, with low-quality materials and made by the inhabitants of the area themselves. For the research we worked with a sample of 25 homes located in the rugged areas of the rural parish, because it is the area of ​​greatest impact according to its morphology. The field information was collected through the FEMA-154 form, determining the vulnerability and seismic danger of the surveyed homes, the main damages are at the masonry level, followed by the foundation and structural elements such as columns and beams. The results obtained allowed to propose rehabilitation recommendations for rural homes with S indexes lower than 2 and in raising awareness of the inhabitants at the time of executing a work. Keywords: natural disasters, seismic risk, seismic vulnerability, housing. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 01 de diciembre de 2020.Fecha de aceptación: 08 de enero de 2021.Fecha de publicación: 11 de enero de 2021. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2021-01-11 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/22 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 4 No. 7 (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 2-16 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 4 Núm. 7 (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 2-16 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/22/37 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/22/38 Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/23 2021-02-17T22:05:08Z ingeniar:ART

Design and evaluation of a prototype for housing of social interest with masonry confined in brick: Investigation article Diseño y evaluación de un prototipo para vivienda de interés social con mampostería confinada en ladrillo: Artículo de investigación Intriago-Plaza, Renato Palma-Zambrano, Willians Mieles-Bravo, Yordy viviendas sociales diseño estructura mampostería evaluación económica social housing design structure masonry economic evaluation Current habitat conditions in the world are seriously affected by overpopulation and permanent flows of territorial mobility, generating the need to build houses with ecological, adaptable and low-cost designs. In this sense, the present investigation allowed to carry out the design and analysis of a social interest housing prototype with masonry walls confined in brick. It should be noted that the house occupies a space of 82 m2, which has been designed for construction on a 200 m2 plot of land, located in the city of Manta, Ecuador. In addition to the structural design of the house, an investigation was carried out with a quantitative approach, since 25 surveys were carried out directed to the directors of construction companies and hardware stores in the province of Manabí, in which information related to the types of homes of social interest and the construction systems used with the respective comparative analysis of costs and the housing market based on supply and demand. On the other hand, the unit price of the materials, equipment and labor required in the construction of the proposed structural system was obtained from material distribution houses and the salary tables, respectively. The results reflect that the house designed and evaluated in the present investigation consists of one level; in which the living room, dining room, kitchen, garage and bedrooms are located. The total cost required to execute the construction of the proposed design is equivalent to US $ 30,075.05 including VAT, representing a total of 75.19 basic salaries. It was established that low-income housing with confined brick masonry presents a favorable structural system for its application in the local environment of Manta, and in the same way it can be extrapolated to other localities in the country. Keywords: social housing, design, structure, masonry, economic evaluation. Las condiciones actuales de hábitat en el mundo se ven seriamente afectadas por la sobrepoblación y los permanentes flujos de movilidad territorial, generando la necesidad de construir viviendas con diseños ecológicos, adaptables y de bajo costo. En este sentido, la presente investigación permitió realizar el diseño y análisis de un prototipo de vivienda de interés social con muros de mampostería confinada en ladrillo. Cabe señalar que la vivienda ocupa un espacio de 82 m2, misma que ha sido diseñada para su construcción en un terreno de 200 m2, ubicado en la ciudad de Manta, Ecuador. Además del diseño estructural de la vivienda, se realizó una investigación con enfoque cuantitativo, puesto que se realizaron 25 encuestas dirigidas a los directivos de constructoras y ferreterías de la provincia de Manabí, en las que se pudo obtener información relacionada con las tipologías de viviendas de interés social y los sistemas constructivos empleados con el respectivo análisis comparativo de costos y el mercado de viviendas en función de la oferta y demanda; por su parte, el precio unitario de los materiales, equipos y mano de obra requeridos en la construcción del sistema estructural propuesto fue obtenido de casas distribuidoras de materiales y las tablas salariales, respectivamente. Los resultados reflejan que la vivienda diseñada y evaluada en la presente investigación consta de un nivel; en el que se encuentra la sala, comedor, cocina, garaje y dormitorios. El costo total requerido para ejecutar la construcción del diseño propuesto equivale a $ 30075,05 dólares americanos incluido IVA, representando un total de 75,19 sueldos básicos. Se estableció que la vivienda de interés social con mampostería confinada de ladrillo presenta un sistema estructural favorable para su aplicación en el medio local de Manta, y de la misma forma puede extrapolarse a otras localidades del país. Palabras clave: viviendas sociales, diseño, estructura, mampostería, evaluación económica. Abstract Current habitat conditions in the world are seriously affected by overpopulation and permanent flows of territorial mobility, generating the need to build houses with ecological, adaptable and low-cost designs. In this sense, the present investigation allowed to carry out the design and analysis of a social interest housing prototype with masonry walls confined in brick. It should be noted that the house occupies a space of 82 m2, which has been designed for construction on a 200 m2 plot of land, located in the city of Manta, Ecuador. In addition to the structural design of the house, an investigation was carried out with a quantitative approach, since 25 surveys were carried out directed to the directors of construction companies and hardware stores in the province of Manabí, in which information related to the types of homes of social interest and the construction systems used with the respective comparative analysis of costs and the housing market based on supply and demand. On the other hand, the unit price of the materials, equipment and labor required in the construction of the proposed structural system was obtained from material distribution houses and the salary tables, respectively. The results reflect that the house designed and evaluated in the present investigation consists of one level; in which the living room, dining room, kitchen, garage and bedrooms are located. The total cost required to execute the construction of the proposed design is equivalent to US $ 30,075.05 including VAT, representing a total of 75.19 basic salaries. It was established that low-income housing with confined brick masonry presents a favorable structural system for its application in the local environment of Manta, and in the same way it can be extrapolated to other localities in the country. Keywords: social housing, design, structure, masonry, economic evaluation. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 01 de diciembre de 2020.Fecha de aceptación: 08 de enero de 2021.Fecha de publicación: 11 de enero de 2021. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2021-01-11 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/23 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 4 No. 7 (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 17-30 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 4 Núm. 7 (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 17-30 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/23/39 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/23/40 Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/27 2021-05-24T03:17:47Z ingeniar:ART

Conceptual design of a test bench for the evaluation of the quality of closure in tin cans Diseño conceptual de un banco de pruebas para la evaluación de la calidad de cierre en latas de conserva Tello-Macías, Pablo Rafael Herrera-Suárez, Miguel Diseño conceptual costura doble comida enlatada hojalata Concept design double stitching canned food tin The study of the incidence of the wear and deformation of the closing elements in the operation conditions of the industry is complex, so it is necessary its investigation in the controlled conditions of the test banks. The objective of the work is to carry out a conceptual design of a test bank for the evaluation of the closing quality in circular cans that are generally used by companies dedicated to the production of canned tuna. From a conceptual design, a functional, safe and economic design variant for the test bench is structured, consisting of a power transmission by V-band. Complementarily, a resistance analysis of the closing elements, the selection of bearings and cost analysis were carried out. From the results of the strength analysis, the maximum stresses in the mandrel are distributed on the lip that compresses the can, for the rolls the maximum deformations are 1,75∙10^(-6)  mm in the section of the seal profiles. The manufacturing cost is 827,87 USD when considering the acquisition of new materials. The prototype allows to carry out the process of double closing in a correct and simple way. Keywords: Concept design; double stitching; canned food; tin. El estudio de la incidencia del desgaste y deformación de los elementos de cierre en las condiciones de operación de la industria es complejo, por lo que es necesario su investigación en las condiciones controladas de los bancos de pruebas. El objetivo del trabajo es realizar un diseño conceptual de un banco de pruebas para la evaluación de la calidad de cierre en latas de conserva circulares que son generalmente utilizadas por empresas dedicadas a la producción de conservas de atún. A partir de un diseño conceptual se estructura una variante de diseño funcional, segura y económica para el banco de pruebas, constituida por una transmisión de potencia por banda en V. Complementariamente se realizó un análisis de resistencia de los elementos de cierre, la selección de rodamiento y análisis de costo. De los resultados del análisis de resistencia, las tensiones máximas en el mandril se distribuyen en el labio que comprime la lata, para las rulinas las deformaciones máximas son de 1,75∙10^(-6)  mm en la sección de los perfiles de cierre. El costo de fabricación es 827,87 USD al considerar la adquisición de materiales nuevos. El prototipo permite realizar el proceso de doble cierre de manera correcta y sencilla. Palabras clave: Diseño conceptual; costura doble; comida enlatada; hojalata. Abstract The study of the incidence of the wear and deformation of the closing elements in the operation conditions of the industry is complex, so it is necessary its investigation in the controlled conditions of the test banks. The objective of the work is to carry out a conceptual design of a test bank for the evaluation of the closing quality in circular cans that are generally used by companies dedicated to the production of canned tuna. From a conceptual design, a functional, safe and economic design variant for the test bench is structured, consisting of a power transmission by V-band. Complementarily, a resistance analysis of the closing elements, the selection of bearings and cost analysis were carried out. From the results of the strength analysis, the maximum stresses in the mandrel are distributed on the lip that compresses the can, for the rolls the maximum deformations are 1,75∙10^(-6)  mm in the section of the seal profiles. The manufacturing cost is 827,87 USD when considering the acquisition of new materials. The prototype allows to carry out the process of double closing in a correct and simple way. Keywords: Concept design; double stitching; canned food; tin. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 01 de diciembre de 2020.Fecha de aceptación: 08 de enero de 2021.Fecha de publicación: 11 de enero de 2021. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2021-01-11 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/27 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 4 No. 7 (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 31-46 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 4 Núm. 7 (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 31-46 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/27/41 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/27/42 Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/31 2021-07-10T20:14:12Z ingeniar:ART

Analysis of the current situation of maintenance focused on reliability RCM Análisis de la situación actual del mantenimiento centrado en la confiabilidad RCM Andrade-Solórzano, Carlos Luis Herrera-Suárez, Miguel Confiabilidad RCM Mantenimiento Gestión Reliability RCM Maintenance Management The objective of this paper is to analyze the current situation of Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) in the industry, as well as to show in detail a methodology for its application. To complement this objective, a bibliographic analysis was carried out, for which the main databases containing specialized literature on this subject were consulted, in addition to a logical historical study of the emergence and evolution of this type of maintenance management. The results, expose the theoretical bases and foundations of maintenance management focused on reliability with respect to the current aspects, traditions, and particularities of efficient maintenance management. The procedure for the elaboration of the Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) was also detailed, showing that both the RCM procedure and the FMEA methodology are systematic and start from a logical sequence, oriented to prioritize the equipment and reduce the costs of the maintenance activity to the extent that an operational reliability is created. Keywords: Reliability, RCM, Maintenance, Management. El objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en realizar un análisis de la situación actual del mantenimiento centrado en la confiabilidad (RCM) en la industria, así como mostrar en forma detallada una metodología para su aplicación. Para complementar dicho objetivo se realizó un análisis bibliográfico, para lo cual se consultaron las principales bases de datos que contienen literatura especializada sobre esta temática, además se realizó un estudio histórico lógico del surgimiento y evolución de este tipo de gestión de mantenimiento. Los resultados, exponen las bases teóricas y fundamentan la gestión del mantenimiento centrada en la confiabilidad con respecto a los aspectos actuales, tradiciones y particularidades de la gestión eficiente del mantenimiento. Se detalló, además el procedimiento para la elaboración del análisis de modos y efectos de fallas (AMEF), mostrando que tanto el procedimiento RCM como la metodología AMEF son sistemáticos y parten de una secuencia lógica, orientada a priorizar los equipos y reducir los costos de la actividad de mantenimiento en la medida que se crea una confiabilidad operacional. Palabras clave: Confiabilidad, RCM, Mantenimiento, Gestión. Abstract The objective of this paper is to analyze the current situation of Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) in the industry, as well as to show in detail a methodology for its application. To complement this objective, a bibliographic analysis was carried out, for which the main databases containing specialized literature on this subject were consulted, in addition to a logical historical study of the emergence and evolution of this type of maintenance management. The results, expose the theoretical bases and foundations of maintenance management focused on reliability with respect to the current aspects, traditions, and particularities of efficient maintenance management. The procedure for the elaboration of the Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) was also detailed, showing that both the RCM procedure and the FMEA methodology are systematic and start from a logical sequence, oriented to prioritize the equipment and reduce the costs of the maintenance activity to the extent that an operational reliability is created. Keywords: Reliability, RCM, Maintenance, Management. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 03 de mayo de 2021.Fecha de aceptación: 21 de junio de 2021.Fecha de publicación: 09 de julio de 2021. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2018-07-09 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/31 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 4 No. 8 (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 2-18 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 4 Núm. 8 (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 2-18 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/31/43 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/31/44 Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/32 2021-07-21T23:45:05Z ingeniar:ART

Cultura constructiva y vivienda progresiva. El caso de “Los Almendros”, Portoviejo – Ecuador Cultura constructiva y vivienda progresiva. El caso de “Los Almendros”, Portoviejo – Ecuador Orlando-Ratti, Juan Contreras-Escandón, Christian Véliz-Párraga, José Cultura constructiva habitabilidad progresividad Portoviejo Constructive culture habitability progressiveness Portoviejo Popular constructive culture (PCC) transforms cities under procedures that can be seen as poorly planned and deregulated; the buildings show processes of renovation, adaptation, re-functionalization, and construction changes. Observing the case of edification in "Los Almendros" (1971-1975) in the city of Portoviejo-Ecuador, the article proposes a linear evaluation of triple purpose: 1. habitability, 2. quality-economy and 3. progressivity. The results obtained showed that the socio-spatial process determined a habitability index of 53.7%, with an optimization of the architectural design, it was improved to 71.5% and with an investment of 25% less than the annual costs and on the progressivity assessment, a functional adaptation of the building was obtained that adjusts to the variation of the family nucleus. That is simple strategies, typical of the PCC, that consider habitability, better economy, and progressiveness, allow buildings   with positive impacts on the quality of life of the inhabitants. Keywords: Constructive culture; habitability; progressiveness; Portoviejo. La cultura constructiva popular (CCP) transforma las ciudades bajo lógicas que pueden verse como poco planificadas y desregularizadas; las edificaciones muestran procesos de renovación, adaptación, refuncionalización y cambios constructivos. Observando el caso de las edificaciones de “Los Almendros” (1971-1975) de la ciudad de Portoviejo-Ecuador, el artículo plantea una evaluación lineal de triple propósito: 1. habitabilidad, 2. calidad-economía y 3. Progresividad. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que el proceso socio espacial determinó un índice de habitabilidad de 53,7%, con una optimización del diseño arquitectónico se mejoró a un 71,5%, con una inversión del 25% menor a los costos anuales y sobre la valoración de progresividad, se obtuvo una adaptación funcional de la edificación que se ajusta a la variación del núcleo familiar. Es decir, estrategias simples, propias de la CCP, que consideren habitabilidad, calidad-economía y progresividad, permiten mejores edificaciones con impactos positivos en la calidad de vida de los habitantes. Palabras clave: Cultura constructiva; habitabilidad; progresividad; Portoviejo. Abstract Popular constructive culture (PCC) transforms cities under procedures that can be seen as poorly planned and deregulated; the buildings show processes of renovation, adaptation, re-functionalization, and construction changes. Observing the case of edification in "Los Almendros" (1971-1975) in the city of Portoviejo-Ecuador, the article proposes a linear evaluation of triple purpose: 1. habitability, 2. quality-economy and 3. progressivity. The results obtained showed that the socio-spatial process determined a habitability index of 53.7%, with an optimization of the architectural design, it was improved to 71.5% and with an investment of 25% less than the annual costs and on the progressivity assessment, a functional adaptation of the building was obtained that adjusts to the variation of the family nucleus. That is simple strategies, typical of the PCC, that consider habitability, better economy, and progressiveness, allow buildings   with positive impacts on the quality of life of the inhabitants. Keywords: Constructive culture; habitability; progressiveness; Portoviejo. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 03 de mayo de 2021.Fecha de aceptación: 28 de junio de 2021.Fecha de publicación: 09 de julio de 2021. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2021-07-09 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/32 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 4 No. 8 (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 19-45 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 4 Núm. 8 (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 19-45 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/32/45 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/32/46 Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/33 2021-07-24T04:25:43Z ingeniar:ART

Sistema de gestión de mantenimiento basado en confiabilidad. Caso de estudio: Planta de tratamiento de agua empresa DIALILIFE Sistema de gestión de mantenimiento basado en confiabilidad. Caso de estudio: Planta de tratamiento de agua empresa DIALILIFE Alvarado-Betancourt, Edison Javier Sabando-Piguabe, Luis Felipe Confiabilidad operativa gestión de mantenimiento mantenibilidad disponibilidad Operational reliability maintenance management maintainability availability A maintenance management system based on operational reliability is based on the process of improving technical maintenance indicators, in which a management model is applied in stages, developed and executed according to the current conditions of the plant, in order to optimize the planning, scheduling and execution of preventive maintenance processes. The use of a methodology that allows evaluating the inherent variables and the operational characteristics of the system, allows to increase the performance of the maintenance unit, by carrying out a comprehensive treatment of asset management and organizational management for a real treatment of the maintenance plan. This evaluation process was carried out through an analysis with RAM methodology, which allows establishing the behavior of maintainability, reliability and availability as technical management indicators based on the volumetric production requirements of treated water for hospitals such as DIALILIFE. SA that, by processing the data obtained from the systematic evaluations, managed to establish a theoretical model focused on continuous improvement, and likewise, establish the incidence of the application of the management, with the improvements in the average times between failures "TPEF", the average times to repair “TPPR” and reduce the number of scheduled or unscheduled plant shutdowns, as a fundamental contribution to increasing the reliability of the water treatment plant equipment. Keywords: Operational reliability, maintenance management, maintainability, availability. Un sistema de gestión de mantenimiento basado en la confiabilidad operativa se fundamenta en el proceso de mejora de los indicadores de mantenimiento técnico, en el cual, se aplica un modelo de gestión por etapas, desarrollado y ejecutado según las condiciones actuales de la planta, con el fin de optimizar los procesos de planificación, programación y ejecución del mantenimiento a nivel preventivo. El empleo de una metodología que permita evaluar las variables inherentes y las características operacionales del sistema permite aumentar el rendimiento de la unidad de mantenimiento, al realizar un tratamiento integral de la gestión de activos y gestión organizacional para un real tratamiento del plan de mantenimiento. Este proceso de evaluación se lo realizo mediante un análisis con metodología RAM, la cual permite establecer el comportamiento la mantenibilidad, confiabilidad y disponibilidad como indicadores técnicos de gestión en función de los requerimientos de producción volumétrico de agua tratada para los centros hospitalarios como la empresa DIALILIFE S. A. que, mediante el procesamiento de los datos obtenidos de las evaluaciones sistemáticas, logró establecer un modelo teórico enfocada la mejora continua, y así mismo, establecer la incidencia de la aplicación de la gestión, con las mejoras los tiempos promedios entre fallas “TPEF”, los tiempos promedios para reparar “TPPR” y disminuir el número paradas programadas o no programadas de planta, como aporte fundamental al aumento de la confiabilidad de los equipos de la planta de tratamiento de agua. Palabras clave: Confiabilidad operativa, gestión de mantenimiento, mantenibilidad, disponibilidad. Abstract A maintenance management system based on operational reliability is based on the process of improving technical maintenance indicators, in which a management model is applied in stages, developed and executed according to the current conditions of the plant, in order to optimize the planning, scheduling and execution of preventive maintenance processes. The use of a methodology that allows evaluating the inherent variables and the operational characteristics of the system, allows to increase the performance of the maintenance unit, by carrying out a comprehensive treatment of asset management and organizational management for a real treatment of the maintenance plan. This evaluation process was carried out through an analysis with RAM methodology, which allows establishing the behavior of maintainability, reliability and availability as technical management indicators based on the volumetric production requirements of treated water for hospitals such as DIALILIFE. SA that, by processing the data obtained from the systematic evaluations, managed to establish a theoretical model focused on continuous improvement, and likewise, establish the incidence of the application of the management, with the improvements in the average times between failures "TPEF", the average times to repair “TPPR” and reduce the number of scheduled or unscheduled plant shutdowns, as a fundamental contribution to increasing the reliability of the water treatment plant equipment. Keywords: Operational reliability, maintenance management, maintainability, availability. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 03 de mayo de 2021.Fecha de aceptación: 08 de junio de 2021.Fecha de publicación: 09 de julio de 2021. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2021-07-09 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/33 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 4 No. 8 (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 46-77 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 4 Núm. 8 (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 46-77 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/33/47 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/33/48 Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/34 2021-08-06T04:14:01Z ingeniar:ART

Emisiones de gases contaminantes en vehículos livianos a gasolina Emisiones de gases contaminantes en vehículos livianos a gasolina Velepucha-Sánchez, Jorge Milton Sabando-Piguabe, Luis Felipe contaminación gases gasolina mantenimiento vehículo pollution gases gasoline maintenance vehicle The main objective of the study was to determine the emissions of polluting gases in light gasoline vehicles of the automotive fleet of the Technical University of Manabí, Portoviejo, Ecuador. As a methodology, a quantitative approach to the research was applied, through a quasi-experimental design, using the technique of observation supported by technological instruments to collect data from the object of study, such as the gas analyzer, to later process the information in graphs and tables; The population sample was made up of 10 gasoline vehicles, of which 8 correspond to the 2000s onwards and 2 to the 90s, according to the NTE INEN 2204 regulation. The types of polluting emissions produced by the vehicles were obtained as results. of both decades, during the static test and the dynamic test, achieving compliance with the pollutant emissions parameters established by the NTE INEN 2204, except for the data of a single vehicle (1% of the sample) that did not comply with the regulations, whose manufacture corresponds to the 90s. It was possible to conclude that the resulting values ​​are the product of the conditions of the vehicle's engine and its extended useful life given the maintenance provided in the maintenance centers. Keywords: pollution, gases, gasoline, maintenance, vehicle. El estudio tuvo como objetivo central la determinación de emisiones de gases contaminantes en vehículos livianos a gasolina del parque automotor de la universidad técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Ecuador. Como metodología se aplicó en enfoque cuantitativo de la investigación, mediante un diseño cuasi experimental, empleando la técnica de la observación apoyada en instrumentos tecnológicos para la toma de datos del objeto de estudio, tal como el analizador de gases, para posteriormente procesar la información en gráficas y tablas; la muestra poblacional la constituyeron 10 vehículos a gasolina, de los cuales 8 corresponden a la década del 2000 en adelante y 2 a la década del 90, según la normativa NTE INEN 2204. Se obtuvo como resultados los tipos de emisiones contaminantes producidos por los vehículos de ambas décadas, durante la prueba estática y la prueba dinámica, logrando establecerse el cumplimiento de los parámetros de emisiones contaminantes que norma la NTE INEN 2204, exceptuando los datos de un solo vehículo (1% de la muestra) que no cumplía la normativa, cuya fabricación corresponde a los años 90. Se pudo concluir que los valores resultantes son producto de las condiciones del motor de los vehículos y su vida útil alargada dado el mantenimiento que se les proporciona en los centros de mantenimiento. Palabras clave: contaminación, gases, gasolina, mantenimiento, vehículo. Abstract The main objective of the study was to determine the emissions of polluting gases in light gasoline vehicles of the automotive fleet of the Technical University of Manabí, Portoviejo, Ecuador. As a methodology, a quantitative approach to the research was applied, through a quasi-experimental design, using the technique of observation supported by technological instruments to collect data from the object of study, such as the gas analyzer, to later process the information in graphs and tables; The population sample was made up of 10 gasoline vehicles, of which 8 correspond to the 2000s onwards and 2 to the 90s, according to the NTE INEN 2204 regulation. The types of polluting emissions produced by the vehicles were obtained as results. of both decades, during the static test and the dynamic test, achieving compliance with the pollutant emissions parameters established by the NTE INEN 2204, except for the data of a single vehicle (1% of the sample) that did not comply with the regulations, whose manufacture corresponds to the 90s. It was possible to conclude that the resulting values ​​are the product of the conditions of the vehicle's engine and its extended useful life given the maintenance provided in the maintenance centers. Keywords: pollution, gases, gasoline, maintenance, vehicle. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 03 de mayo de 2021.Fecha de aceptación: 08 de junio de 2021.Fecha de publicación: 09 de julio de 2021. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2021-07-09 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/34 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 4 No. 8 (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 78-95 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 4 Núm. 8 (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 78-95 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/34/49 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/34/50 Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/40 2021-08-28T00:08:21Z ingeniar:ART

Guidelines of a Maintenance Program and its Importance in the Agroindustry Process Pautas de un programa de mantenimiento y su importancia en el proceso agroindustrial Vera-Zambrano, Roger Andrés Torres-Rodríguez, Roberto agroindustria mantenimiento maquinaria proceso programación agribusiness maintenance machinery process programming The problem in the agribusiness of Manabí refers to the end of the useful life of its machinery and equipment, which, having concluded its cycle, continue in the production process, receiving only fault correction tasks, based on which, the study is a documentary review on the importance of maintenance in agro-industrial companies. The methodology used was the review of 54 sources of information such as articles, books and doctoral theses with 60% current, of indexed databases to argue and substantiate the importance of industrial maintenance, the deductive method that allowed to organize the information and consequently conclude on the review carried out. As a result, support was obtained of the importance of industrial maintenance regulated in the Ecuadorian regulations of the Regulation of health and safety of workers and improvement of the work environment, chapter IV, articles 91 and 92; the importance of maintenance considering variables of organization, programming, control, failures, training, costs, productivity, safety and industrial hygiene and environmental contamination in an average of 87.5%. Particular conclusions were reached such as how vital maintenance is in the production processes of industry and agribusiness, which, being a substantial tool, must be applied to all types of fixed assets, it is essential within the production plant of industrial products and goods in general. Keywords: agribusiness, maintenance, machinery, process, programming. La problemática en la agroindustria refiere al tope de la vida útil de sus maquinarias y equipos, que habiendo concluido su ciclo continúan en el proceso de producción, recibiendo únicamente tareas de corrección de fallas, en base a lo cual, el estudio es una revisión documental sobre la importancia del mantenimiento en las empresas agroindustriales. Se utilizó como metodología la revisión de 54 fuentes de información tales como artículos, libros y tesis doctorales con unos 60% de actualidad, de bases de datos indexadas para argumentar y fundamentar la importancia del mantenimiento industrial, el método deductivo que permitió poder organizar la información y consecuentemente concluir sobre la revisión efectuada. Como resultados se obtuvo el sustento de la importancia del mantenimiento industrial normado en la normativa ecuatoriana del Reglamento de seguridad y salud de los trabajadores y mejoramiento del medio ambiente de trabajo, capítulo IV, artículos 91 y 92; la importancia que tiene el mantenimiento considerando variables de organización, programación, control, fallos, capacitación, costos, productividad, seguridad e higiene industrial y contaminación ambiental en una media del 87,5%. Se llegó a conclusiones particulares como lo vital que constituye el mantenimiento en los procesos de producción de la industria y la agroindustria, la cual, siendo una herramienta sustancial, debe aplicarse a todo tipo de activos fijos, es imprescindible dentro de la planta de producción de productos industriales y de bienes en general. Palabras clave: agroindustria, mantenimiento, maquinaria, proceso, programación. Abstract The problem in the agribusiness of Manabí refers to the end of the useful life of its machinery and equipment, which, having concluded its cycle, continue in the production process, receiving only fault correction tasks, based on which, the study is a documentary review on the importance of maintenance in agro-industrial companies. The methodology used was the review of 54 sources of information such as articles, books and doctoral theses with 60% current, of indexed databases to argue and substantiate the importance of industrial maintenance, the deductive method that allowed to organize the information and consequently conclude on the review carried out. As a result, support was obtained of the importance of industrial maintenance regulated in the Ecuadorian regulations of the Regulation of health and safety of workers and improvement of the work environment, chapter IV, articles 91 and 92; the importance of maintenance considering variables of organization, programming, control, failures, training, costs, productivity, safety and industrial hygiene and environmental contamination in an average of 87.5%. Particular conclusions were reached such as how vital maintenance is in the production processes of industry and agribusiness, which, being a substantial tool, must be applied to all types of fixed assets, it is essential within the production plant of industrial products and goods in general. Keywords: agribusiness, maintenance, machinery, process, programming. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 03 de mayo de 2021.Fecha de aceptación: 05 de julio de 2021.Fecha de publicación: 09 de julio de 2021. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2021-07-09 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/40 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 4 No. 8 (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 96-113 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 4 Núm. 8 (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 96-113 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/40/51 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/40/52 Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/41 2021-08-28T00:19:05Z ingeniar:ART

Pedestrian mobility environments in the urban centralities of the city of Calceta Entornos de movilidad peatonal en las centralidades urbanas de la ciudad de Calceta Montes-Ferrín, José Gregorio Vinueza-Mendoza, Glenn Walter Peatón movilidad urbana planificación urbana Pedestrian urban mobility urban planning This research work analyzes the pedestrian mobility environments developed in the urban centralities in the city of Calceta, with the purpose of providing an information tool to the various public entities for decision making in the urban planning of the city. The methodology used in this research was in-situ observation to fulfill the proposed objectives and interviews to provide further support to the research. The results show that the urban centers of the city of Calceta provide deficient conditions in terms of accessibility, safety and comfort for pedestrian mobility, which makes the development of the city impossible and generates low quality of life for the inhabitants. Keywords: Pedestrian, urban mobility, urban planning. El presente trabajo investigativo analiza los entornos de la movilidad peatonal desarrollada en las centralidades urbanas en la ciudad de Calceta, con la finalidad de proporcionar una herramienta de información a las diversas entidades públicas para la toma de decisiones en la planificación urbana de la ciudad. La metodología utilizada en esta investigación fueron la observación in-situ para dar cumplimiento a los objetivos propuestos y entrevistas para dar mayor soporte a la investigación. Los resultados demuestran que las centralidades urbanas de la ciudad de Calceta brindan condiciones deficientes en cuanto, a la accesibilidad, seguridad y confort para la movilidad del peatón, lo cual imposibilita el desarrollo de la ciudad y genera baja calidad de vida para los habitantes. Palabras clave: Peatón, movilidad urbana, planificación urbana. Abstract This research work analyzes the pedestrian mobility environments developed in the urban centralities in the city of Calceta, with the purpose of providing an information tool to the various public entities for decision making in the urban planning of the city. The methodology used in this research was in-situ observation to fulfill the proposed objectives and interviews to provide further support to the research. The results show that the urban centers of the city of Calceta provide deficient conditions in terms of accessibility, safety and comfort for pedestrian mobility, which makes the development of the city impossible and generates low quality of life for the inhabitants. Keywords: Pedestrian, urban mobility, urban planning. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 03 de mayo de 2021.Fecha de aceptación: 05 de julio de 2021.Fecha de publicación: 09 de julio de 2021. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2021-07-09 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/41 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 4 No. 8 (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 114-127 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 4 Núm. 8 (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 114-127 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/41/53 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/41/54 Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/43 2021-09-15T22:23:42Z ingeniar:ART

STANDARD TIME FOR MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT OF CUTTING MATRICES Tiempo estándar en gestión de mantenimiento de matrices de corte Moreira-Mendoza, Néstor Real-Pérez, Grether Eficiencia Estandarización Organización Mantenimiento Matrices de corte Efficiency Standardization Organization Maintenance Cutting matrices Time study is a continuous improvement technique used to mitigate production process problems and reduce time. The repair times of the cutting dies have accentuated a problem in industrial processes, affecting the organization of maintenance. The purpose of this research is to identify, evaluate and standardize the repair times of the cutting dies of the manufacturing factory "Arte Mueble". As a methodological technique, it will be chosen to carry out field tests to verify the current state of the repair process of the cutting matrices, as well as data collection in the identification of incident factors in the repair times, as well as the timing and analysis. to set the standard time. Expected results: The analysis of the maintenance process will determine its efficiency, presenting real times used, as well as characteristics of the operating environment and external factors incident to the process; the standard time would show the causes of significant delays, external factors and their mitigation strategy, training of technical personnel and their qualification. Research that detects the problem and the factors that affect the repair times of the cutting dies, standardization of times as an effective technique in improving the maintenance process, a fact that leaves doors open for maintenance organizations to consider the methodology and contribute to improving maintenance efficiency. Keywords: Efficiency, Standardization, Organization, Maintenance, Cutting matrices. El estudio de tiempos es una técnica de mejora continua utilizada para mitigar problemas de procesos de producción y reducción de tiempos. Los tiempos de reparación de las matrices de corte han acentuado una problemática en los procesos industriales, afectando a la organización del mantenimiento. El propósito de esta investigación es identificar, evaluar y estandarizar los tiempos de reparación de las matrices de corte de la fábrica manufacturera “Arte Mueble”. Como técnica metodológica se optará por realizar pruebas de campo para constatar el estado actual del proceso de reparación de las matrices de corte, así como la de recolección de datos en la identificación de factores incidente en los tiempos de reparación, así como el cronometraje y análisis para establecer el tiempo estándar. Resultados esperados: El análisis del proceso de mantenimiento, determinará la eficiencia en el mismo, presentando tiempos reales utilizados, así como características del entorno de operación y factores externos incidentes del proceso; el tiempo estándar mostraría las causas de retrasos significativos, factores externos y estrategia de mitigación de los mismos, capacitación del personal técnico y calificación del mismo. Investigación que detecta la problemática y los factores que inciden en los tiempos de reparación de las matrices de corte, estandarización de tiempos como técnica efectiva en la mejora del proceso de mantenimiento, hecho que deja puertas abiertas para que la organización del mantenimiento considere la metodología y contribuyan a la mejora de la eficiencia del mantenimiento. Palabras clave: Eficiencia, Estandarización, Organización, Mantenimiento, Matrices de corte. Abstract Time study is a continuous improvement technique used to mitigate production process problems and reduce time. The repair times of the cutting dies have accentuated a problem in industrial processes, affecting the organization of maintenance. The purpose of this research is to identify, evaluate and standardize the repair times of the cutting dies of the manufacturing factory "Arte Mueble". As a methodological technique, it will be chosen to carry out field tests to verify the current state of the repair process of the cutting matrices, as well as data collection in the identification of incident factors in the repair times, as well as the timing and analysis. to set the standard time. Expected results: The analysis of the maintenance process will determine its efficiency, presenting real times used, as well as characteristics of the operating environment and external factors incident to the process; the standard time would show the causes of significant delays, external factors and their mitigation strategy, training of technical personnel and their qualification. Research that detects the problem and the factors that affect the repair times of the cutting dies, standardization of times as an effective technique in improving the maintenance process, a fact that leaves doors open for maintenance organizations to consider the methodology and contribute to improving maintenance efficiency. Keywords: Efficiency, Standardization, Organization, Maintenance, Cutting matrices. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 12 de julio de 2021.Fecha de aceptación: 03 de septiembre de 2021.Fecha de publicación: 15 de septiembre de 2021. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2021-09-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/43 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 4 No. 8 Ed. esp. (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial septiembre 2021); 2-29 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 4 Núm. 8 Ed. esp. (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial septiembre 2021); 2-29 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/43/57 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/43/58 Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/44 2021-09-25T18:12:00Z ingeniar:ART

Modelo logístico de gestión de mantenimiento como estrategia de mejora a la disponibilidad. Caso de estudio: Unidad de Mantenimiento del GADMEC Modelo logístico de gestión de mantenimiento como estrategia de mejora a la disponibilidad. Caso de estudio: Unidad de Mantenimiento del GADMEC Solórzano-Calero, Emilio Manuel Espinosa-Delgado, Luis Felipe Disponibilidad operativa estratégicas gestión de mantenimiento confiabilidad mantenibilidad disponibilidad Operational availability strategic maintenance management reliability maintainability availability The maintenance management model aims to improve operational availability rates by applying monitoring, control, and evaluation strategies with direct feedback in the unit that provides maintenance to the Sinotruk dump trucks of the Canton El Carmen Autonomous Decentralized Government (GADMEC), taking as a source, the history of system failures and adopting the particularities of the continuous improvement process. The methodology used allows the treatment of the variables through the execution of 5 stages: definition of maintenance strategies based on the maintenance management model based on the Deming cycle which involves 4 steps: to plan, to do, to verify and to act (PDCA) proposed in ISO 9001: 2015; the implementation of maintenance strategies as management tools, the criticality analysis of the assets under study, the execution of the reliability, maintainability and availability (CMD) analysis methodology and finally, the selection of improvement strategies for resource management. The CMD analysis was able to determine the behaviour of the maintenance management technical indicators in a given period of time; The data obtained were processes in a systematic way and the resulting information allowed to measure the incidence of the applied strategies, evaluating their behaviour based on their indicators, establishing the real growth of productivity with the implementation of the theoretical model of maintenance management, whose logistics approach achieved the integration between the maintenance units and the GADMEC’s assets. Keywords: Operational availability, strategic, maintenance management, reliability, maintainability, availability. El modelo de gestión de mantenimiento tiene como objetivo mejorar los índices de disponibilidad operativa aplicando estrategias de monitoreo, control y evaluación con retroalimentación directa en la unidad que proporciona el mantenimiento a los Volquetes Sinotruk del Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón El Carmen (GADMEC), tomando como fuente, el histórico de fallos del sistema y adoptando las particularidades del proceso de mejora continua. La metodología utilizada permite el tratamiento de las variables mediante la ejecución de 5 etapas: definición estrategias del mantenimiento en función del modelo de gestión de mantenimiento basado en el ciclo de Deming que implica 4 pasos: planear, hacer, verificar y actuar (PHVA) propuesto en la norma ISO 9001:2015; la implementación de las estrategias de mantenimiento como herramientas de gestión, el análisis de criticidad de los activos sujetos de estudio, la ejecución de metodología de análisis confiabilidad, mantenibilidad y disponibilidad (CMD) y finalmente, la selección de estrategias de mejoramiento para el manejo recursos. El análisis CMD logró determinar el comportamiento de los indicadores técnicos de gestión de mantenimiento en un periodo determinado de tiempo; los datos obtenidos fueron procesos de forma sistemática y la información resultante permitió medir la incidencia de las estrategias aplicadas, evaluando su comportamiento en función de sus indicadores, estableciendo el crecimiento real de la productividad con la implementación del modelo teórico de gestión de mantenimiento, cuyo enfoque logístico logró la integración entre las unidad de mantenimiento y los activos del Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón El Carmen. Palabras clave: Disponibilidad operativa, estratégicas, gestión de mantenimiento, confiabilidad, mantenibilidad, disponibilidad. Abstract The maintenance management model aims to improve operational availability rates by applying monitoring, control, and evaluation strategies with direct feedback in the unit that provides maintenance to the Sinotruk dump trucks of the Canton El Carmen Autonomous Decentralized Government (GADMEC), taking as a source, the history of system failures and adopting the particularities of the continuous improvement process. The methodology used allows the treatment of the variables through the execution of 5 stages: definition of maintenance strategies based on the maintenance management model based on the Deming cycle which involves 4 steps: to plan, to do, to verify and to act (PDCA) proposed in ISO 9001: 2015; the implementation of maintenance strategies as management tools, the criticality analysis of the assets under study, the execution of the reliability, maintainability and availability (CMD) analysis methodology and finally, the selection of improvement strategies for resource management. The CMD analysis was able to determine the behaviour of the maintenance management technical indicators in a given period of time; The data obtained were processes in a systematic way and the resulting information allowed to measure the incidence of the applied strategies, evaluating their behaviour based on their indicators, establishing the real growth of productivity with the implementation of the theoretical model of maintenance management, whose logistics approach achieved the integration between the maintenance units and the GADMEC’s assets. Keywords: Operational availability, strategic, maintenance management, reliability, maintainability, availability. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 12 de julio de 2021.Fecha de aceptación: 03 de septiembre de 2021.Fecha de publicación: 24 de septiembre de 2021. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2021-09-24 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/44 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 4 No. 8 Ed. esp. (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial septiembre 2021); 30-48 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 4 Núm. 8 Ed. esp. (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial septiembre 2021); 30-48 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/44/59 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/44/60 Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/45 2021-09-30T03:06:30Z ingeniar:ART

Análisis de criticidad del equipamiento industrial de la línea de bovinos de un centro de faenamiento Análisis de criticidad del equipamiento industrial de la línea de bovinos de un centro de faenamiento Cedeño-Moreira, Wilmer Javier Gorozabel-Chata, Francis Benjamin bovinos criticidad equipos faenamiento mantenimiento cattle criticality equipment slaughter maintenance Maintenance is one of the main strategies applied in the industry to maintain the continuity, safety, efficiency of production processes. In this sense, it is imperative to establish strategies to improve or design maintenance plans, this should be done by prioritizing the processes, systems and equipment of the production process. This is known as criticality analysis. The objective of this work was to carry out a criticality analysis of the industrial equipment of the cattle line of the fishing center of the city of Portoviejo, Ecuador. For this purpose, the conditions of the industrial equipment were known and later its criticality was determined. The results showed that the work center does not have a preventive maintenance plan for the industrial equipment, being the corrective type work, and that the equipment most critically is the lifting keypad, keystroke for scratching and cutting of hind legs, electric saw to cut channel, saw to cut sternum, keystroke of descuerado and the pneumatic noqueador, this as consequence of the frequency of presented failures, impact on the safety and maintenance costs. The design of a preventive maintenance plan for equipment with high and medium criticality was suggested. Keywords: cattle, criticality, equipment, slaughter, maintenance. El mantenimiento es una de las principales estrategias que se aplican en la industria para mantener la continuidad, seguridad, eficacia de los procesos productivos. En este sentido, es imperativo establecer estrategias para mejorar o diseñar los planes de mantenimiento, esto debe hacerse jerarquizando los procesos, sistemas y equipos del proceso productivo. Esto se conoce como análisis de criticidad. El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar un análisis de criticidad del equipamiento industrial de la línea de bovinos del centro de faenamiento de la ciudad de Portoviejo, Ecuador. Para ello, se conocieron las condiciones del equipamiento industrial y posteriormente se determinó su criticidad. Los resultados mostraron que el centro de faenamiento no posee de un plan de mantenimiento preventivo para el equipamiento industrial, siendo las labores de tipo correctivo, y que los equipos con mayor criticidad son el tecle del izado, tecle para rayado y corte de patas posteriores, sierra eléctrica de cortar canal, sierra de cortar esternón, tecle de descuerado y el noqueador neumático, esto como consecuencia de la frecuencia de fallas presentadas, impacto en la seguridad y costos de mantenimiento. Se sugirió el diseño de un plan de mantenimiento preventivo para los equipos con alta y media criticidad. Palabras clave: bovinos, criticidad, equipos, faenamiento, mantenimiento. Abstract Maintenance is one of the main strategies applied in the industry to maintain the continuity, safety, efficiency of production processes. In this sense, it is imperative to establish strategies to improve or design maintenance plans, this should be done by prioritizing the processes, systems and equipment of the production process. This is known as criticality analysis. The objective of this work was to carry out a criticality analysis of the industrial equipment of the cattle line of the fishing center of the city of Portoviejo, Ecuador. For this purpose, the conditions of the industrial equipment were known and later its criticality was determined. The results showed that the work center does not have a preventive maintenance plan for the industrial equipment, being the corrective type work, and that the equipment most critically is the lifting keypad, keystroke for scratching and cutting of hind legs, electric saw to cut channel, saw to cut sternum, keystroke of descuerado and the pneumatic noqueador, this as consequence of the frequency of presented failures, impact on the safety and maintenance costs. The design of a preventive maintenance plan for equipment with high and medium criticality was suggested. Keywords: cattle, criticality, equipment, slaughter, maintenance. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 12 de julio de 2021.Fecha de aceptación: 03 de septiembre de 2021.Fecha de publicación: 24 de septiembre de 2021. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2021-09-24 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/45 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 4 No. 8 Ed. esp. (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial septiembre 2021); 49-65 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 4 Núm. 8 Ed. esp. (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial septiembre 2021); 49-65 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/45/61 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/45/62 Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/46 2021-10-06T07:44:51Z ingeniar:ART

Localización de pares tribológico en bombas de agua tipo centrifugas para la propuesta de un plan de mantenimiento integral en la empresa atunera FISCHCORP S.A - Manta Localización de pares tribológico en bombas de agua tipo centrifugas para la propuesta de un plan de mantenimiento integral en la empresa atunera FISCHCORP S.A - Manta Quiroz-Cedeño, Danny Omar Sabando-Piguabe, Luis Felipe Fricción desgaste lubricación Tribología Cavitación Estectocoipio viscosímetro termómetro Friction wear lubrication Tribology Cavitation Stectocoipium viscometer thermometer The mechanical elements with tribological pairs such as centrifugal type water pumps for industrial use are the first line of work equipment in the food consumption industries, nowadays the population has grown drastically for this reason the industries try to optimize the operation of these equipments that contain tribological pairs due to the series of wear that they present at the moment of being in function and even more if they lack an adequate and periodic maintenance. Maintenance is a term widely used in the daily life of people and in a generic and broad way. It seems a difficult task to define maintenance from an industrial point of view. Most people understand maintenance as the act of fixing and repairing equipment and facilities to ensure operational continuity, i.e. conservation and not maintenance, but, in addition, it is to maintain, prevent, analyze, continuously improve, technologically and economically master the productive means with safety and preservation of the environment. Maintenance must be initiated under a strict control of technical measures and directed to the condition of each asset, carrying out a definition of the maintenance policy, organization of documentation, registration and supply of spare parts and adequate procedures. This project will diagnose the functional failures in centrifugal type water pumps and pumping equipment in general, these are the excessive frictions that occur in the usual areas such as: shafts, bearings, seals, etc. Keywords: Friction, wear, lubrication, Tribology, Cavitation, Stectocoipium, viscometer, thermometer. Los elementos mecánicos con pares tribológicos tales como las bombas de agua de uso industrial tipo centrífuga son equipos de primera línea de trabajo en las industrias de consumo alimenticios, en la actualidad la población ha crecido drásticamente por tal razón las industrias tratan de optimizar las operatividades de estos equipos que contienen pares tribológicos debido a las series de desgastes que estos presentan al momento de estar en función y más aún si carecen de un mantenimiento adecuado y periódico. Mantenimiento es un término muy empleado en el día a día  de las personas y de forma genérica y amplia. Parece una tarea difícil definir el mantenimiento desde el punto de vista industrial. La mayoría de las personas entiende por mantenimiento el acto de arreglar y reparar equipos e instalaciones para asegurar la continuidad operativa, es decir, conservación y no mantenimiento, pero, además, es mantener, prevenir, analizar, mejorar continuamente, dominar tecnológicamente y económicamente los medios productivos con seguridad y preservación del medio ambiente, el mantenimiento debe iniciarse bajo un control estricto de medidas técnicas y direccionadas en la condición de cada activo, llevando acabo una definición de la política de mantenimiento, organización de la documentación, registro y suministro  de repuestos y procedimientos adecuados. En este proyecto se diagnosticarán los fallos funcionales en las bombas de agua tipo centrífugas y equipos de bombeos en general, estos son los excesivos rozamientos que se presentan en las zonas habituales tales como: ejes, rodamientos, sellos, etc. Palabras clave: Fricción, desgaste, lubricación, Tribología, Cavitación, Estectocoipio, viscosímetro, termómetro. Abstract The mechanical elements with tribological pairs such as centrifugal type water pumps for industrial use are the first line of work equipment in the food consumption industries, nowadays the population has grown drastically for this reason the industries try to optimize the operation of these equipments that contain tribological pairs due to the series of wear that they present at the moment of being in function and even more if they lack an adequate and periodic maintenance. Maintenance is a term widely used in the daily life of people and in a generic and broad way. It seems a difficult task to define maintenance from an industrial point of view. Most people understand maintenance as the act of fixing and repairing equipment and facilities to ensure operational continuity, i.e. conservation and not maintenance, but, in addition, it is to maintain, prevent, analyze, continuously improve, technologically and economically master the productive means with safety and preservation of the environment. Maintenance must be initiated under a strict control of technical measures and directed to the condition of each asset, carrying out a definition of the maintenance policy, organization of documentation, registration and supply of spare parts and adequate procedures. This project will diagnose the functional failures in centrifugal type water pumps and pumping equipment in general, these are the excessive frictions that occur in the usual areas such as: shafts, bearings, seals, etc. Keywords: Friction, wear, lubrication, Tribology, Cavitation, Stectocoipium, viscometer, thermometer. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 02 de agosto de 2021.Fecha de aceptación: 01 de octubre de 2021.Fecha de publicación: 05 de octubre de 2021. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2021-10-05 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/46 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 4 No. 8 Ed. esp. (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial octubre 2021); 2-15 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 4 Núm. 8 Ed. esp. (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial octubre 2021); 2-15 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/46/63 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/46/64 Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/47 2021-11-12T23:39:13Z ingeniar:ART

Producción de etanol celulósico a partir de la conversión de residuos agrícolas Producción de etanol celulósico a partir de la conversión de residuos agrícolas Monroy-Intriago, Luigi Zambrano-Zambrano, María Latorre-Castro, Gisela Rosero-Delgado, Ernesto residuos agrícolas conversión etanol celulósico azúcares fermentables agricultural residues conversion cellulosic ethanol fermentable sugars Agricultural residues constitute an abundant source of lignocellulosic material. According to its physical, chemical or biological conversion, lignocellulosic material allows the obtaining of ethanol. This is a solution to the problem of final disposal of cellulosic wastes. The objective of this work was the determination of suitable pretreatment conditions (% moisture and particle size) for agricultural residues (peanuts, beans, and rice). In addition, the effect of the basic hydrolysis conditions was also evaluated at 2, 3, and 4% of NaOH at of 25, 73 and 121 ºC for 1 hour, in relation to the amount of reducing sugars. As a result, the temperature significantly influences the extraction of reducing sugars. The alcoholic fermentation of peanut shell with S. cerevisiae yielded 4,579 mg of ethanol / 100 mg of reducing sugars, under suitable conditions of high temperature and low concentrations of NaOH. This result was comparable to that obtained by other authors. Keywords: agricultural residues, conversion, cellulosic ethanol, fermentable sugars. Los residuos agrícolas constituyen una fuente abundante de material lignocelulósico. Según su conversión física, química o biológica, el material lignocelulósico permite la obtención de etanol. Ésta es una solución al problema de la eliminación final de residuos celulósicos. El objetivo de este trabajo radicó en la determinación de condiciones adecuadas de pretratamiento (% de humedad y tamaño de partícula) para residuos agrícolas (maní, fréjol y arroz). Además, se evaluó el efecto de las condiciones básicas de hidrólisis a 2, 3 y 4% de NaOH a 25, 73 y 121 ºC durante 1 hora, en relación a la cantidad de azúcares reductores. Como resultado, la temperatura influye significativamente en la extracción de azúcares reductores. La fermentación alcohólica de cáscara de maní con S. cerevisiae produjo 4.579 mg de etanol/100 mg de azúcares reductores, en condiciones adecuadas de temperatura alta y concentraciones bajas de NaOH. Este resultado fue comparable al obtenido por otros autores. Palabras clave: residuos agrícolas, conversión, etanol celulósico, azúcares fermentables. Abstract Agricultural residues constitute an abundant source of lignocellulosic material. According to its physical, chemical or biological conversion, lignocellulosic material allows the obtaining of ethanol. This is a solution to the problem of final disposal of cellulosic wastes. The objective of this work was the determination of suitable pretreatment conditions (% moisture and particle size) for agricultural residues (peanuts, beans, and rice). In addition, the effect of the basic hydrolysis conditions was also evaluated at 2, 3, and 4% of NaOH at of 25, 73 and 121 ºC for 1 hour, in relation to the amount of reducing sugars. As a result, the temperature significantly influences the extraction of reducing sugars. The alcoholic fermentation of peanut shell with S. cerevisiae yielded 4,579 mg of ethanol / 100 mg of reducing sugars, under suitable conditions of high temperature and low concentrations of NaOH. This result was comparable to that obtained by other authors. Keywords: agricultural residues, conversion, cellulosic ethanol, fermentable sugars. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 23 de diciembre de 2020 Fecha de aceptación: 25 de enero de 2021Fecha de publicación: 09 de julio de 2021 SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2021-07-09 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/47 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 4 No. 8 (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 128-143 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 4 Núm. 8 (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 128-143 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/47/65 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/47/66 Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/48 2021-11-12T23:58:12Z ingeniar:ART

Optimización de las propiedades mecánicas y estructurales de biocombustibles sólidos a partir de biomasa lignocelulósica Optimización de las propiedades mecánicas y estructurales de biocombustibles sólidos a partir de biomasa lignocelulósica Romero-Mendoza, María Alexandra Palacios-Vallejos, Karla Yuliana Rosero-Delgado, Ernesto Latorre-Castro, Gisela pellets HHV propiedades mecánicas pellets HHV mechanical properties Despite the great potential of densified lignocellulosic biomass (pellets), there is no efficient energy use of these biofuels, due to the complexity of their most relevant mechanical and structural properties (size, diameter). The objective of the present work was to optimize the mechanical and structural properties of a solid biofuel elaborated from lignocellulosic biomass (BL) of the African palm. The effect of two lengths (10mm and 16mm) and two diameters (5 and 8mm) on the upper calorific value (HHV) of solid biofuels was evaluated. A proximal analysis and a combustion test were performed on each of the combinations evaluated. It was determined that a length of 10 mm and a diameter of 8 mm of the pellets reaches the highest HHV with a value of 16.736 ± 0.14 Mj / kg and the highest combustion temperature with a maximum peak of 725.10 ± 36.9 °C at 10 minutes. Statistically, it was possible to verify that the length directly influences the energy potential, and on the contrary, the diameter of the pellet has no effect on the HHV. Keywords: pellets, HHV, mechanical properties. A pesar del gran potencial de la biomasa lignocelulósica densificada (pellets), no existe aprovechamiento energético eficiente de estos biocombustibles, debido a la complejidad de sus propiedades mecánicas y estructurales más relevantes (tamaño, diámetro). El objetivo del presente trabajo fue optimizar las propiedades mecánicas y estructurales de un biocombustible sólido elaborado a partir de biomasa lignocelulósica (BL) de la palma Africana. Se evaluó el efecto de dos longitudes (10 y 16 mm) y dos diámetros (5 y 8mm) sobre el valor calorífico superior (HHV) de los biocombustibles sólidos. Se realizó un análisis proximal y un ensayo de combustión a cada una de las combinaciones evaluadas. Se determinó que una longitud de 10 mm y un diámetro de 8 mm de los pellets, alcanza el mayor HHV con un valor de 16,736 ± 0,14 Mj/kg y la mayor temperatura de combustión con un pico máximo de 725,10 ± 36,9 °C a los 10 minutos. Estadísticamente, se pudo comprobar que la longitud influye directamente sobre el potencial energético, y por el contrario el diámetro del pellet no tiene incidencia sobre el HHV. Palabras clave: pellets, HHV, propiedades mecánicas. Abstract Despite the great potential of densified lignocellulosic biomass (pellets), there is no efficient energy use of these biofuels, due to the complexity of their most relevant mechanical and structural properties (size, diameter). The objective of the present work was to optimize the mechanical and structural properties of a solid biofuel elaborated from lignocellulosic biomass (BL) of the African palm. The effect of two lengths (10mm and 16mm) and two diameters (5 and 8mm) on the upper calorific value (HHV) of solid biofuels was evaluated. A proximal analysis and a combustion test were performed on each of the combinations evaluated. It was determined that a length of 10 mm and a diameter of 8 mm of the pellets reaches the highest HHV with a value of 16.736 ± 0.14 Mj / kg and the highest combustion temperature with a maximum peak of 725.10 ± 36.9 °C at 10 minutes. Statistically, it was possible to verify that the length directly influences the energy potential, and on the contrary, the diameter of the pellet has no effect on the HHV. Keywords: pellets, HHV, mechanical properties. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 08 de enero de 2021 Fecha de aceptación: 04 de febrero de 2021Fecha de publicación: 09 de julio de 2021 SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2021-07-09 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/48 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 4 No. 8 (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 144-156 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 4 Núm. 8 (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 144-156 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/48/67 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/48/68 Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/49 2021-11-13T00:08:49Z ingeniar:ART

Efecto del procesamiento tradicional de la yuca (Manihot esculenta) y derivados sobre el contenido de glucósidos cianogénicos Efecto del procesamiento tradicional de la yuca (Manihot esculenta) y derivados sobre el contenido de glucósidos cianogénicos Castro-Moreira, Yanexi Cristellot-Pinto, Fátima Murgueitio-Adum, Nazre Gómez-Salcedo, Yunet Rosero-Delgado, Ernesto yuca ácido cianhídrico cianuro linamarina yuca hydrocyanic acid cyanide linamarin The consumption of products derived from cyanogenic plants can be dangerous if they are not processed correctly. Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is a basic and nutritious food for the world population; However, its characteristics include the presence of the cyanide ion, which, through a series of enzymatic reactions, generates hydrocyanic acid that is toxic for human consumption. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of the technical processing of cassava and its primary derivative, on the content of hydrocyanic acid, a product generated from the hydrolysis of linamarin and lotaustalin. The starch extraction yield was 19.4%. The varieties analyzed, INIAP Portoviejo 650 and INIAP Portoviejo 651, report concentrations in hydrocyanic acid of 0.263 mg.g-1 and 0.230 mg.g-1, respectively. It is shown that technical processing reduces 86% of the component, achieving a product suitable for consumption. The concentration of the cyanide precursor enzymes; linamarin and lotaustraline reach final concentrations of 0.068 mg.g-1 and 0.005 mg.g-1, respectively. The presence of cyanide in the analyzed species does not present significant values that indicate a risk for consumption since it is below the lethal dose. Keywords: yuca, hydrocyanic acid, cyanide, linamarin. El consumo de productos derivados de plantas cianogénicas puede resultar peligroso si éstas no son procesadas correctamente. La yuca (Manihot esculenta) es un alimento básico y nutritivo para la población mundial; sin embargo, entre sus características destaca la presencia del ion cianuro, el cual, mediante una serie de reacciones enzimáticas genera ácido cianhídrico que resulta tóxico para el consumo humano. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar el efecto del procesamiento tecnificado de la yuca y su derivado primario, sobre el contenido de ácido cianhídrico, producto generado de la hidrólisis de la linamarina y lotaustralina. El rendimiento de extracción de almidón fue de 19,4 %. Las variedades analizadas, INIAP Portoviejo 650 e INIAP Portoviejo 651, reportan concentraciones en ácido cianhídrico de 0,263 mg.g-1 y 0,230 mg.g-1, respectivamente. Se demuestra que el procesamiento tecnificado reduce el 86% del componente logrando obtener un producto apto para el consumo. La concentración de las enzimas precursoras de cianuro; la linamarina y lotaustralina, alcanzan concentraciones finales de 0,068 mg.g-1 y 0,005 mg.g-1, respectivamente. La presencia del cianuro en las especies analizadas no presenta valores significativos que indiquen un riesgo para el consumo ya que se encuentra por debajo de la dosis letal. Palabras clave: yuca, ácido cianhídrico, cianuro, linamarina. Abstract The consumption of products derived from cyanogenic plants can be dangerous if they are not processed correctly. Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is a basic and nutritious food for the world population; However, its characteristics include the presence of the cyanide ion, which, through a series of enzymatic reactions, generates hydrocyanic acid that is toxic for human consumption. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of the technical processing of cassava and its primary derivative, on the content of hydrocyanic acid, a product generated from the hydrolysis of linamarin and lotaustalin. The starch extraction yield was 19.4%. The varieties analyzed, INIAP Portoviejo 650 and INIAP Portoviejo 651, report concentrations in hydrocyanic acid of 0.263 mg.g-1 and 0.230 mg.g-1, respectively. It is shown that technical processing reduces 86% of the component, achieving a product suitable for consumption. The concentration of the cyanide precursor enzymes; linamarin and lotaustraline reach final concentrations of 0.068 mg.g-1 and 0.005 mg.g-1, respectively. The presence of cyanide in the analyzed species does not present significant values that indicate a risk for consumption since it is below the lethal dose. Keywords: yuca, hydrocyanic acid, cyanide, linamarin. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 12 de febrero de 2021 Fecha de aceptación: 10 de marzo de 2021Fecha de publicación: 09 de julio de 2021 SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2021-07-09 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/49 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 4 No. 8 (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 157-170 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 4 Núm. 8 (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 157-170 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/49/69 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/49/70 Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/50 2021-11-23T20:42:43Z ingeniar:ART

Columnas empacadas para la producción de enzimas lignolíticas a partir de residuos agroindustriales Columnas empacadas para la producción de enzimas lignolíticas a partir de residuos agroindustriales Zambrano-Macías, Pierre Paolo Vera-Párraga, Nixon Eduardo Rosero-Delgado, Ernesto Alonso fermentación en estado sólido enzimas columnas empacadas biomasa solid-state fermentation enzymes packed columns biomass Starting with a brief description of solid-state fermentation (SSF) the enzymes produced by different microorganisms on different solid substrates are pointed out. Traditional packed columns such as FES bioreactor are detailed and the variables of interest such as temperature, aeration, size and shape of the particles, packing density, porosity, water activity and pH are reviewed. Crucial considerations in the performance of a packed column bioreactor are pointed out, such as system selection, size ratio, agitation, metabolic heat, the influence of air on metabolic heat. Equations that study metabolic activity of the microorganism are included, such as the general stoichiometric equation, the respiratory coefficient and the biomass / substrate (Yx/s). The biological factors that allow evaluating the growth of biomass are indicated, such as the specific growth rate (μ), the specific rate of consumption of the substrate (qs) and the latency phase (λ). The role of mathematical modeling in the bioreactor is indicated and the Modified Logistics and Modified Gompertz equations are proposed to describe the general performance of the bioreactor. Keywords: solid-state fermentation, enzymes, packed columns, biomass. Comenzando con una breve descripción de la fermentación en estado sólido (FES) se señalan las enzimas producidas por diferentes microorganismos sobre distintos sustratos sólidos. Se detallan las columnas empacadas tradicionales como biorreactor de FES y se revisan las variables de interés como temperatura, aireación, tamaño y forma de las partículas, densidad de empaque, porosidad, actividad de agua y pH. Se puntualizan consideraciones que son cruciales en el rendimiento de un biorreactor de columna empacada como la selección del sistema, relación del tamaño, agitación, calor metabólico, influencia del aire en el calor metabólico. Se incluyen ecuaciones que permiten estudiar la actividad metabólica del microorganismo como la ecuación estequiométrica general, el coeficiente respiratorio y el rendimiento biomasa/sustrato (Yx/s). Se señalan los factores biológicos que permiten evaluar el crecimiento de la biomasa como la tasa de crecimiento específico (μ), la tasa específica de consumo del sustrato (qs) y el tiempo de latencia (λ). Se indica el rol de la modelación matemática en el biorreactor y se plantean las ecuaciones Logística modificada y Gompertz modificada para describir el rendimiento general del biorreactor. Palabras clave: fermentación en estado sólido, enzimas, columnas empacadas, biomasa. Abstract Starting with a brief description of solid-state fermentation (SSF) the enzymes produced by different microorganisms on different solid substrates are pointed out. Traditional packed columns such as FES bioreactor are detailed and the variables of interest such as temperature, aeration, size and shape of the particles, packing density, porosity, water activity and pH are reviewed. Crucial considerations in the performance of a packed column bioreactor are pointed out, such as system selection, size ratio, agitation, metabolic heat, the influence of air on metabolic heat. Equations that study metabolic activity of the microorganism are included, such as the general stoichiometric equation, the respiratory coefficient and the biomass / substrate (Yx/s). The biological factors that allow evaluating the growth of biomass are indicated, such as the specific growth rate (μ), the specific rate of consumption of the substrate (qs) and the latency phase (λ). The role of mathematical modeling in the bioreactor is indicated and the Modified Logistics and Modified Gompertz equations are proposed to describe the general performance of the bioreactor. Keywords: solid-state fermentation, enzymes, packed columns, biomass. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 03 de mayo de 2021 Fecha de aceptación: 28 de mayo de 2021Fecha de publicación: 09 de julio de 2021 SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2021-07-09 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/50 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 4 No. 8 (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 171-210 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 4 Núm. 8 (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 171-210 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/50/71 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/50/72 Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/51 2021-11-26T22:20:25Z ingeniar:ART

Importancia del mantenimiento con tratamientos anticorrosivos en la durabilidad de equipos de aires acondicionados en ambientes salinos Importancia del mantenimiento con tratamientos anticorrosivos en la durabilidad de equipos de aires acondicionados en ambientes salinos Delgado-García, Gabriel Octavio Tóala-Arcentales, Galvin Antonio anticorrosivos mantenimiento corrosión durabilidad procesos Anticorrosive Maintenance Corrosion Durability Processes This research focuses its study on the problem of corrosion affectation and the importance of maintenance with anticorrosive treatments for the durability of air conditioning equipment in saline environments, based on this, the analysis and study of a documentary bibliographic review on the processes of the corrosion of materials in corrosive environments and the importance of maintenance with the application of anticorrosive treatments, for the protection and durability of the equipment. The methodology and type of method used took into account the classification and analysis of 32 sources of information, considering scientific articles, books, and doctoral and postgraduate theses indexed with 65% current. As results, foundations were obtained that weigh the importance of quality standards, such as ISO 9001, and ASTM for the evaluation of anticorrosive treatments as a protection method for the durability of equipment in saline environments. Finally, there are results that determine the importance of maintenance with anticorrosive treatments as a protection method for the durability of air conditioning equipment in highly corrosive environments. Keywords: Anticorrosive, Maintenance, Corrosion, Durability, Processes. Esta investigación enfoca su estudio en la problemática de la afectación corrosión y la importancia del mantenimiento con  tratamientos anticorrosivos para la durabilidad de equipos de aires acondicionados en ambientes salinos, en función de ello, el análisis y estudio de una revisión bibliográfica documental sobre los procesos de la corrosión de materiales en ambientes corrosivos y la importancia del mantenimiento con la aplicación de tratamientos anticorrosivos, para la protección y durabilidad de los equipos. La metodología y el tipo de método que se utilizó tomo en cuenta la clasificación y el análisis de 32 fuentes de información considerando artículos científicos, libros, y, tesis de doctorado y posgrado indexados con el 65% de actualidad. Como resultados se obtuvo fundamentaciones que ponderan la importancia de normativas de calidad, como la ISO 9001, y la ASTM para la evaluación de los tratamientos anticorrosivos como método de protección para la durabilidad de equipos en ambientes salinos. Finalmente se establecen conclusiones que determinan la importancia del mantenimiento con tratamientos anticorrosivos como método de protección para la durabilidad equipos de aire acondicionados en ambientes altamente corrosivos. Palabras clave: anticorrosivos, mantenimiento, corrosión, durabilidad, procesos. Abstract This research focuses its study on the problem of corrosion affectation and the importance of maintenance with anticorrosive treatments for the durability of air conditioning equipment in saline environments, based on this, the analysis and study of a documentary bibliographic review on the processes of the corrosion of materials in corrosive environments and the importance of maintenance with the application of anticorrosive treatments, for the protection and durability of the equipment. The methodology and type of method used took into account the classification and analysis of 32 sources of information, considering scientific articles, books, and doctoral and postgraduate theses indexed with 65% current. As results, foundations were obtained that weigh the importance of quality standards, such as ISO 9001, and ASTM for the evaluation of anticorrosive treatments as a protection method for the durability of equipment in saline environments. Finally, there are results that determine the importance of maintenance with anticorrosive treatments as a protection method for the durability of air conditioning equipment in highly corrosive environments. Keywords: Anticorrosive, Maintenance, Corrosion, Durability, Processes. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2021-11-26 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/51 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 4 No. 8 Ed. esp. (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial noviembre 2021); 2-13 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 4 Núm. 8 Ed. esp. (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial noviembre 2021); 2-13 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/51/73 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/51/74 Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/58 2021-12-09T10:10:06Z ingeniar:ART

La vivienda social impacto y funcionalidad ante las medidas de confinamiento por la pandemia de COVID-19, en la provincia de Manabí La vivienda social impacto y funcionalidad ante las medidas de confinamiento por la pandemia de COVID-19, en la provincia de Manabí Cusme-Chinga, Líder Xavier Caicedo-Arévalo, Olinda Elizabeth vivienda de interés social, COVID 19, impactos de la vivienda en sus ocupantes, funcionalidad de la vivienda de interés social affordable housing, COVID 19, impacts of housing on its occupants, functionality of affordable housing The study addresses one of the most interesting topics with regard to urban development, such as the functionality of social housing. Having a home undoubtedly constitutes one of the fundamental needs for the human being, a human right that is protected in different legal bodies and in the Ecuadorian Constitution; But in the face of a phenomenon of the nature of COVID 19 that has forced the population to confine themselves to their homes to stop the spread of the disease; What impacts could this dwelling have on its occupants, when we speak of a social dwelling, it is characterized by having a minimum space; lacking the necessary functionality to provide comfort and hygiene in periods of exclusive confinement such as the one currently taking place by COVID 19. The methodology of this study was mixed, using both field and bibliographic aspects; achieving the analysis of the characteristics of social housing, the characteristics of its users, the impact of social housing on its occupants during confinement. Finally, among the most outstanding results is a high impact on the stress indexes, as well as on the interrelation problems and the affectation of health problems. Keywords: affordable housing, COVID 19, impacts of housing on its occupants, functionality of affordable housing. En el estudio se aborda uno de los temas de mayor interés en lo que respecta a desarrollo urbano, como es la funcionalidad de la vivienda social. Tener una vivienda sin duda se constituye en una de las necesidades fundamentales para el ser humano, un derecho humano que esta tutelado en diferentes cuerpos legales y en la Constitución ecuatoriana; pero ante un fenómeno de la índole del COVID 19 que ha obligado a la población a confinarse en sus viviendas para frenar el contagio de la enfermedad; qué impactos podría tener esta vivienda sobre sus ocupantes, cuando hablamos de una vivienda social, esta se caracteriza por tener un espacio mínimo; carente de la funcionalidad necesaria para brindar confort e higiene en periodos de confinamiento exclusivo como el que ha tenido lugar actualmente por el COVID 19. La metodología de este estudio fue mixta, empleando tanto aspectos de campo como bibliográficos; logrando el análisis de las características de la vivienda social, las características de sus usuarios, el impacto de la vivienda social en sus ocupantes durante el confinamiento. Finalmente, entre los resultados más destacados está un alto impacto en los índices de estrés, así como en los problemas de interrelación y de afectación en problemas de salud. Palabras clave: vivienda de interés social, COVID 19, impactos de la vivienda en sus ocupantes, funcionalidad de la vivienda de interés social. Abstract The study addresses one of the most interesting topics with regard to urban development, such as the functionality of social housing. Having a home undoubtedly constitutes one of the fundamental needs for the human being, a human right that is protected in different legal bodies and in the Ecuadorian Constitution; But in the face of a phenomenon of the nature of COVID 19 that has forced the population to confine themselves to their homes to stop the spread of the disease; What impacts could this dwelling have on its occupants, when we speak of a social dwelling, it is characterized by having a minimum space; lacking the necessary functionality to provide comfort and hygiene in periods of exclusive confinement such as the one currently taking place by COVID 19. The methodology of this study was mixed, using both field and bibliographic aspects; achieving the analysis of the characteristics of social housing, the characteristics of its users, the impact of social housing on its occupants during confinement. Finally, among the most outstanding results is a high impact on the stress indexes, as well as on the interrelation problems and the affectation of health problems. Keywords: affordable housing, COVID 19, impacts of housing on its occupants, functionality of affordable housing. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 29 de octubre de 2021.Fecha de aceptación: 07 de diciembre de 2021.Fecha de publicación: 08 de diciembre de 2021. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2021-12-08 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/58 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 4 No. 8 Ed. esp. (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial diciembre 2021); 2-25 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 4 Núm. 8 Ed. esp. (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial diciembre 2021); 2-25 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/58/76 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/58/77 Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/59 2021-12-09T10:18:03Z ingeniar:ART

SGC basado en la ISO 9001:2015, que optimice el funcionamiento del laboratorio de operaciones unitarias UTM SGC basado en la ISO 9001:2015, que optimice el funcionamiento del laboratorio de operaciones unitarias UTM Saltos-Meza, José Gabriel Burgos-Briones, Alfonso Calidad, gestión de la calidad, sistemas de gestión de la calidad, ISO 9001:2015 Quality, quality management, quality management systems, ISO 9001: 2015 The Management and quality control in the Laboratories are part of the main diagnosis that guarantees the reliability of the result processed within it. The general objective of this research is to Design a quality management system that optimizes the operation of the Unit Operations Laboratory of the Technical University of Manabí by applying the ISO 9001: 2015 standard. The level of research used was exploratory since it sought to know the reality of the laboratory in terms of the management system. The type of research was in the field because all the data, except for the intellectual support, were collected directly. To diagnose the situation, firstly, direct observation was made, contrasting it against what is required in the ISO 9001: 2015 standard, later a questionnaire was applied to determine the level of knowledge of its members about QMS. There are methods that lead to an optimization of resources and a continuous improvement of the quality of services in the laboratory, determining the different management models that are affected by poor organization. Among them is the adequate management of resources for the best execution when processing activities. The responsibility for the decision is taken by the Technical team. Its execution implies an organization and an impulse towards a new way of working focused on the structure of the processes. Continuous improvement and self-evaluation progress systematically, in this way the importance of good management and management within the laboratory is considered. For this reason, it is necessary and of great benefit to closely focus on management and quality control applied by the laboratory, in order to relate the technical capacity used in each phase and thus ensure the effectiveness of the final result. Keywords: Quality, quality management, quality management systems, ISO 9001: 2015. La Gestión y control de calidad en los Laboratorios forman parte del diagnóstico principal que garantiza la confiabilidad del resultado procesado dentro del mismo. El objetivo general de esta investigación es el de Diseñar un sistema de gestión de la calidad que optimice el funcionamiento del Laboratorio de Operaciones Unitarias de la Universidad Técnica de Manabí Mediante la aplicación de la normativa ISO 9001:2015. El nivel de investigación empleado fue exploratorio ya que se buscaba conocer la realidad del laboratorio en cuanto al sistema de gestión. El tipo de investigación fue de campo debido a que todos los datos, salvo el soporte intelectual, fueron recabados directamente. Para diagnosticar la   situación   primeramente   se   procedió   a   la observación directa contrastándola contra lo exigido en la norma ISO 9001:2015, posteriormente se aplicó un cuestionario para determinar el nivel de conocimientos de sus integrantes acerca de los SGC. Existen métodos que lleven a una optimización de los recursos y a una mejora continua de la calidad de los servicios en el laboratorio, determinando los diferentes modelos de gestión que se ven afectados por la mala organización. Entre ellos se encuentra el manejo adecuado de los recursos para la mejor ejecución al momento de procesar las actividades. La responsabilidad de la decisión es tomada por el equipo Técnico. Su ejecución implica una organización y un impulso hacia una nueva forma de trabajo enfocada en la estructura de los procesos. La mejora continua y la autoevaluación avanzan sistemáticamente, de esta manera se considera la importancia de una buena gerencia y gestión dentro del laboratorio. Por esta razón es necesario y de gran beneficio enfocar de cerca una gestión y control de calidad aplicado por el laboratorio, con el propósito de relacionar la capacidad técnica empleada en cada fase y así asegurar la eficacia del resultado final. Palabras clave: Calidad, gestión de la calidad, sistemas de gestión de la calidad, ISO 9001:2015. Abstract The Management and quality control in the Laboratories are part of the main diagnosis that guarantees the reliability of the result processed within it. The general objective of this research is to Design a quality management system that optimizes the operation of the Unit Operations Laboratory of the Technical University of Manabí by applying the ISO 9001: 2015 standard. The level of research used was exploratory since it sought to know the reality of the laboratory in terms of the management system. The type of research was in the field because all the data, except for the intellectual support, were collected directly. To diagnose the situation, firstly, direct observation was made, contrasting it against what is required in the ISO 9001: 2015 standard, later a questionnaire was applied to determine the level of knowledge of its members about QMS. There are methods that lead to an optimization of resources and a continuous improvement of the quality of services in the laboratory, determining the different management models that are affected by poor organization. Among them is the adequate management of resources for the best execution when processing activities. The responsibility for the decision is taken by the Technical team. Its execution implies an organization and an impulse towards a new way of working focused on the structure of the processes. Continuous improvement and self-evaluation progress systematically, in this way the importance of good management and management within the laboratory is considered. For this reason, it is necessary and of great benefit to closely focus on management and quality control applied by the laboratory, in order to relate the technical capacity used in each phase and thus ensure the effectiveness of the final result. Keywords: Quality, quality management, quality management systems, ISO 9001: 2015. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 29 de octubre de 2021.Fecha de aceptación: 07 de diciembre de 2021.Fecha de publicación: 08 de diciembre de 2021. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2021-12-08 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/59 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 4 No. 8 Ed. esp. (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial diciembre 2021); 26-42 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 4 Núm. 8 Ed. esp. (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial diciembre 2021); 26-42 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/59/78 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/59/79 Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/61 2022-06-15T05:32:41Z ingeniar:ART

Tourism econometrics and social management Econometría turística y gestión social Paredes-Rodríguez, Benjamín Franklin Chiriboga-Mendoza, Fidel Ricardo Zambrano-Pilay, Enrique Cristóbal econometría, turismo social, flujo turístico econometrics, social tourism, tourist flow Social tourism takes place in a specific context and is presented as the main economic unit of the social economy. Social enterprises are between the traditional public and private sectors. The main characteristics are the social objectives together with the entrepreneurial potential of the private sector. In this context, the social enterprise guides its activities and reinvests its profits in the realization of social goals, for the benefit of both its members and the population on a larger scale. However, the majority of social enterprises are small and medium-sized companies, which is why they are protected by the Law of SMEs, and therefore the development of the socio-economic tourism industry is one of the priority tasks. By travel agencies and regional authorities. Therefore, it is very appropriate to model the impact of tourist flows on the sustainability of a diverse tourist destination. Keywords: econometrics, social tourism, tourist flow. El turismo social tiene lugar en un contexto específico y se presenta como la principal unidad económica de la economía social. Las empresas sociales se encuentran entre los sectores público y privado tradicionales. Las principales características son los objetivos sociales junto con el potencial empresarial del sector privado. En este contexto, la empresa social orienta sus actividades y reinvierte sus ganancias en la realización de metas sociales, en beneficio tanto de sus miembros como de la población en mayor escala. Sin embargo, la mayoría de las empresas sociales son pequeñas y medianas empresas, por lo que están amparadas por la Ley de las PYMES, y por eso el desarrollo de la industria del turismo socioeconómico es una de las tareas prioritarias. Por agencias de viajes y autoridades regionales. Por tanto, es muy apropiado modelar el impacto de los flujos turísticos en la sostenibilidad de un destino turístico diverso. Palabras clave: econometría, turismo social, flujo turístico. Abstract Social tourism takes place in a specific context and is presented as the main economic unit of the social economy. Social enterprises are between the traditional public and private sectors. The main characteristics are the social objectives together with the entrepreneurial potential of the private sector. In this context, the social enterprise guides its activities and reinvests its profits in the realization of social goals, for the benefit of both its members and the population on a larger scale. However, the majority of social enterprises are small and medium-sized companies, which is why they are protected by the Law of SMEs, and therefore the development of the socio-economic tourism industry is one of the priority tasks. By travel agencies and regional authorities. Therefore, it is very appropriate to model the impact of tourist flows on the sustainability of a diverse tourist destination. Keywords: econometrics, social tourism, tourist flow. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 26 de octubre de 2021.Fecha de aceptación: 28 de diciembre de 2021.Fecha de publicación: 06 de enero de 2022. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2022-01-06 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/61 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 5 No. 9 (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 2-7 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 5 Núm. 9 (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 2-7 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/61/80 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/61/81 Copyright (c) 2022 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/62 2022-06-15T05:32:41Z ingeniar:ART

PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF THE WINE OF THE PSEUDOFRUTO MARAÑÓN (Anacardium occidentale) Propiedades fisicoquímicas y sensoriales del vino del pseudofruto de marañón (anacardium occidentale) Cevallos-Mendoza, María José Chompoy-Salazar, Sandy Mabelyn Barre-Zambrano, Roy marañón, vino, propiedades fisicoquímicas y sensoriales cashew, wine, physicochemical and sensory properties In the present work has considered cashew as an optional raw material for the elaboration of wine due to its natural qualities, for this, the physicochemical and sensory properties of the cashew pseudo-fruit wine were evaluated, using analysis methods to identify the percentages of alcohol , Brix degrees, content of polyphenols and the capacity of antioxidants present in the extract of the fruit and also the levels of pH, fixed, total and volatile acidity were identified through the study of six treatments in triplicate that consisted of the combination in proportions of percentages 100%, 25/75 and 33/67 of water / fruit and levels of 21 and 8 degrees brix, the latter characteristic of the fruit. The treatment with the highest acceptability was T1 (100% fruit + 21 ° brix), which presented the best organoleptic characteristics before the tasters and in terms of the best physicochemical properties, treatments T1, T2 and T6 obtained the expected results, therefore It is concluded that the cashew pseudo fruit wine has acceptable organoleptic characteristics and presents physicochemical properties within the ranges established by the food quality regulations. Keywords: cashew, wine, physicochemical and sensory properties. En el presente trabajo se ha considerado al marañón como una materia prima opcional para la elaboración de vino por sus cualidades naturales, para ello, se evaluaron las propiedades fisicoquímicas y sensoriales del vino del pseudofruto de marañón, utilizando métodos de análisis para identificar los porcentajes de alcohol, grados brix, contenido de polifenoles y la capacidad de antioxidantes presente en el extracto del furto y además se identificaron los niveles de pH, acidez fija, total y volátil mediante el estudio de seis tratamientos por triplicado que consistían en la combinación en proporciones de porcentajes del 100%, 25/75 y 33/67 de agua/fruta y niveles de 21 y 8 grados brix, este último propio de la fruta. El tratamiento con mayor aceptabilidad fue T1 (100% fruta + 21 °brix), el cual presentó las mejores características organolépticas ante los catadores y en cuanto a las mejores propiedades fisicoquímicas, los tratamientos T1, T2 y T6 obtuvieron los resultados esperados, por lo que se concluye que el vino del pseudofruto de marañón posee características organolépticas aceptables y presenta propiedades fisicoquímicas entre los rangos establecidos por las normativas de calidad alimentaria. Palabras clave: marañón, vino, propiedades fisicoquímicas y sensoriales. Abstract In the present work has considered cashew as an optional raw material for the elaboration of wine due to its natural qualities, for this, the physicochemical and sensory properties of the cashew pseudo-fruit wine were evaluated, using analysis methods to identify the percentages of alcohol , Brix degrees, content of polyphenols and the capacity of antioxidants present in the extract of the fruit and also the levels of pH, fixed, total and volatile acidity were identified through the study of six treatments in triplicate that consisted of the combination in proportions of percentages 100%, 25/75 and 33/67 of water / fruit and levels of 21 and 8 degrees brix, the latter characteristic of the fruit. The treatment with the highest acceptability was T1 (100% fruit + 21 ° brix), which presented the best organoleptic characteristics before the tasters and in terms of the best physicochemical properties, treatments T1, T2 and T6 obtained the expected results, therefore It is concluded that the cashew pseudo fruit wine has acceptable organoleptic characteristics and presents physicochemical properties within the ranges established by the food quality regulations. Keywords: cashew, wine, physicochemical and sensory properties. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 10 de noviembre de 2021.Fecha de aceptación: 12 de enero de 2022.Fecha de publicación: 17 de enero de 2022. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2022-01-17 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/62 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 5 No. 9 (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 8.24 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 5 Núm. 9 (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 8.24 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/62/82 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/62/83 Copyright (c) 2022 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/63 2022-02-07T20:50:09Z ingeniar:ART

Estudio de la habitabilidad en la vivienda de interés social en la provincia de Manabí Estudio de la habitabilidad en la vivienda de interés social en la provincia de Manabí Mendoza-Vélez, Erika Elizabeth Ortega-Bravo, Bolívar Humberto Vivienda de interés social, habitabilidad, confort, seguridad, déficit habitacional Low-income housing, habitability, comfort, security, housing deficit The article explores an issue of great importance in regards to the construction sector and to guarantee access to affordable housing with optimal habitability characteristics. Owning a home is one of the basic needs of the human being; For this reason it is essential to be able to know if the social housing in Manabí has the referred habitability. For which the methodology used was mixed, considering both field and bibliographic information; Thus, it is possible to evaluate low-income housing in Manabí through habitability indicators. Obtaining as a result of the study that these houses only achieve a very basic and totally minimal habitability when reaching 39% of habitability, which demands that actions be taken to improve these characteristics of the house, reconsidering its conception not only as a means to overcome the housing deficit but as what is required of it to become a building capable of adequately meeting the demand for habitability of an average family providing comfort and security. Keywords: Low-income housing, habitability, comfort, security, housing deficit. En el artículo se explora un tema de mucha importancia en lo que respecta al sector de la construcción y a garantizar el acceso a una vivienda de interés social dotada con optimas características de habitabilidad. Poseer una vivienda es una de las necesidades elementales del ser humano; por ello es fundamental el poder conocer si la vivienda de interés social en Manabí cuenta con la referida habitabilidad. Para lo cual la metodología empleada fue mixta, considerando información tanto de campo como bibliográfica; pudiendo así evaluar mediante indicadores de habitabilidad la vivienda de interés social en Manabí. Obteniendo como resultado del estudio que estas casas solo alcanzan una habitabilidad muy básica y totalmente mínima al llegar al 39% de habitabilidad, lo que demanda que se tomen acciones que mejoren estas características de la vivienda reconsiderando su concepción no solo como un medio para superar el déficit habitacional sino como lo que de ella se requiere para que se constituya en una edificación capaz de satisfacer adecuadamente la demanda de habitabilidad de una familia promedio brindando confort y seguridad. Palabras clave: Vivienda de interés social, habitabilidad, confort, seguridad, déficit habitacional. Abstract The article explores an issue of great importance in regards to the construction sector and to guarantee access to affordable housing with optimal habitability characteristics. Owning a home is one of the basic needs of the human being; For this reason it is essential to be able to know if the social housing in Manabí has the referred habitability. For which the methodology used was mixed, considering both field and bibliographic information; Thus, it is possible to evaluate low-income housing in Manabí through habitability indicators. Obtaining as a result of the study that these houses only achieve a very basic and totally minimal habitability when reaching 39% of habitability, which demands that actions be taken to improve these characteristics of the house, reconsidering its conception not only as a means to overcome the housing deficit but as what is required of it to become a building capable of adequately meeting the demand for habitability of an average family providing comfort and security. Keywords: Low-income housing, habitability, comfort, security, housing deficit. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 21 de diciembre de 2021.Fecha de aceptación: 01 de febrero de 2022.Fecha de publicación: 07 de febrero de 2022. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2022-02-07 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/63 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 5 No. 9 Ed. esp. (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 2-22 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 5 Núm. 9 Ed. esp. (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 2-22 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/63/84 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/63/85 Copyright (c) 2022 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/64 2022-02-16T19:25:11Z ingeniar:ART

RELIABILITY CENTERED MAINTENANCE (RCM) APPLICATION CASE TUNA CANNING MACHINERY Mantenimiento centrado en la confiabilidad (RCM) caso de aplicación máquina empacadora de atún en latas Peñafiel, José Arteaga, Ángel Daquinta-Gradaille, Antonio Confiabilidad, criticidad, empacadora de atún, mantenimiento Canned tuna packer, criticality, maintenance, reliability A production line of canned tuna in the Republic of Ecuador is analyzed, determining that its mechanical maintenance program is based on the experience accumulated over the time of the personnel in charge, as well as the recommendations of the manufacturers of the machines; this represents a deficit in the use of world-class strategies in the process industry. The methodology used is Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM), applied to one of the critical equipment of the production line, such as the canned tuna packer. The result obtained was the redesign of the Maintenance function, managing to align the maintenance activities towards improving the maintenance plan of the equipment under study, through the analysis of failure modes and effects in the real operational context in which it operates. Keywords: Canned tuna packer, criticality, maintenance, reliability. Una línea de producción de conservas de atún en latas en la República del Ecuador es analizada, donde su programa de mantenimiento mecánico tiene como base la experiencia acumulada a través del tiempo del personal encargado, así como las recomendaciones de los fabricantes de los equipos; lo anterior representa un déficit del uso de estrategias de clase mundial en la industria de procesos. La metodología utilizada es la del Mantenimiento Centrado en la Confiabilidad (RCM), aplicada a uno de los equipos críticos de la línea de producción, como es la empacadora de atún en latas. El resultado obtenido fue el rediseño de la función mantenimiento, logrando alinear las actividades hacia la mejora del plan de mantención del equipo objeto de estudio, mediante el análisis de los modos y efectos de falla en el contexto operacional real en el que opera el mismo. Palabras clave: Confiabilidad, criticidad, empacadora de atún, mantenimiento. Abstract A production line of canned tuna in the Republic of Ecuador is analyzed, determining that its mechanical maintenance program is based on the experience accumulated over the time of the personnel in charge, as well as the recommendations of the manufacturers of the machines; this represents a deficit in the use of world-class strategies in the process industry. The methodology used is Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM), applied to one of the critical equipment of the production line, such as the canned tuna packer. The result obtained was the redesign of the Maintenance function, managing to align the maintenance activities towards improving the maintenance plan of the equipment under study, through the analysis of failure modes and effects in the real operational context in which it operates. Keywords: Canned tuna packer, criticality, maintenance, reliability. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 04 de octubre de 2021.Fecha de aceptación: 09 de noviembre de 2021.Fecha de publicación: 08 de diciembre de 2021. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2021-12-08 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/64 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 4 No. 8 Ed. esp. (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial diciembre 2021); 43-57 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 4 Núm. 8 Ed. esp. (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial diciembre 2021); 43-57 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/64/86 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/64/87 Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/65 2022-02-16T19:33:06Z ingeniar:ART

CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE TPM IN THE IMPROVEMENT OF MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT Contribuciones del TPM en la mejora de la gestión del mantenimiento Solís-Meza, Mario Torres-Rodríguez, Roberto gestión del mantenimiento, mantenimiento productivo total, beneficios maintenance management, total productive maintenance, benefits Total productive maintenance is one of the methodologies that guarantees high effectiveness and efficiency in the management of industrial maintenance. The objective of the research is to define the contributions of total productive maintenance in the improvement of the implementation practice maintenance management to present an overview of the implementation practices. 39 bibliographic sources were reviewed, consisting of 25 scientific articles, 2 books, 4 doctoral theses and 8 articles published in scientific events. The results achieved from the comparative analysis of the information and its discussion. The fundamental results of the research is the contribution of the TPM and significant improvement in maintenance management. This article confirms the positive impact that development has on organizations and its wide use in large corporations, which is manifested in an increase in efficiency and the efficiency of maintenance management. Keywords: maintenance management, total productive maintenance, benefits. El mantenimiento productivo total es una de las metodologías que garantiza alta eficacia y eficiencia en la gestión del mantenimiento industrial. El objetivo de la investigación es definir las contribuciones del  mantenimiento productivo total en la mejora de la gestión del mantenimiento práctica de implementación para presentar una descripción general de las prácticas de implementación. Se revisaron 39 fuentes bibliográficas compuestas por 25 artículos científicos, 2 libros, 4 tesis doctorales y 8 artículos publicados en eventos científicos. Los resultados alcanzados a partir del análisis comparativo de la información y su discusión. Los resultados fundamental de la investigación es la contribución del TPM  y mejora significativa en  la gestión del mantenimiento  este  artículo confirma el impacto positivo que aporta el  desarrollo en las organizaciones y su amplia utilización en grandes corporaciones, qué se manifiesta en un incremento de la eficacia y la eficiencia de la gestión del mantenimiento. Palabras clave: gestión del mantenimiento, mantenimiento productivo total, beneficios. Abstract Total productive maintenance is one of the methodologies that guarantees high effectiveness and efficiency in the management of industrial maintenance. The objective of the research is to define the contributions of total productive maintenance in the improvement of the implementation practice maintenance management to present an overview of the implementation practices. 39 bibliographic sources were reviewed, consisting of 25 scientific articles, 2 books, 4 doctoral theses and 8 articles published in scientific events. The results achieved from the comparative analysis of the information and its discussion. The fundamental results of the research is the contribution of the TPM and significant improvement in maintenance management. This article confirms the positive impact that development has on organizations and its wide use in large corporations, which is manifested in an increase in efficiency and the efficiency of maintenance management. Keywords: maintenance management, total productive maintenance, benefits. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 04 de octubre de 2021.Fecha de aceptación: 09 de noviembre de 2021.Fecha de publicación: 08 de diciembre de 2021. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2021-12-08 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/65 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 4 No. 8 Ed. esp. (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial diciembre 2021); 58-78 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 4 Núm. 8 Ed. esp. (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial diciembre 2021); 58-78 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/65/88 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/65/89 Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/66 2022-02-16T20:44:52Z ingeniar:ART

CHARACTERIZATION OF THE STATE OF APPLICATION OF PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE TECHNIQUES IN THE INDUSTRIAL TUNA FLEET OPERATING IN THE EASTERN PACIFIC Caracterización del estado de aplicación de las técnicas de mantenimiento predictivo de la flota atunera industrial que opera en el Pacífico Oriental Zambrano-Ascencio, José Adrián Pérez-Guerrero, Julio Nolberto mantenimiento predictivo, motores diésel, parámetros, control, sistema de lubricación, sistema de enfriamiento, sistema de combustible predictive maintenance, diesel engines, parameters, control, lubrication system, cooling system, fuel system The fishing activity is considered of great importance from a nutritional and economic perspective because it develops in a proportional way to the population growth; It is considered that the first link in this supply chain are tuna vessels, maintenance management being essential for their operation, especially of a predictive type, however, today the state of the fundamental elements of maintenance is not known. this vital fleet. Considering that a large part of the fleet is over 40 years old and that at the moment there are no defined studies on the development of this maintenance process, the main objective is to characterize the state of application of predictive maintenance techniques in the active tuna fleet. of the Eastern Pacific. The methodology applied for this research was based on the general characterization of the active fleet of the Eastern Pacific through documentary information that allowed to classify the vessels by flags and years of age and the study of the maintenance management variables used by the vessels, for which a study sample made up of 41 vessels that carry out logistics operations in Ecuadorian ports located in the cantons of Manta and Jaramijó was used. In general, the investigation details that the fleet is old, including its diesel engines and other equipment on board, which does not have current indicator control technologies, which are manually recorded in physical binnacle. Keywords: predictive maintenance, diesel engines, parameters, control, lubrication system, cooling system, fuel system. La actividad pesquera es considerada de gran importancia desde un enfoque alimenticio y económico debido a que se desarrolla de manera proporcional al crecimiento poblacional; se considera que el primer eslabón de esta cadena de suministro son las embarcaciones atuneras, siendo esencial para su funcionamiento la gestión de mantenimiento, sobre todo de tipo predictivo, sin embargo, hoy en día no se conoce el estado de los elementos fundamentales de mantenimiento de esta vital flota. Considerando que gran parte de la flota superan los 40 años de edad y que al momento no existen estudios definidos sobre el desarrollo de este proceso de mantenimiento, el objetivo principal es caracterizar el estado de aplicación de las técnicas de mantenimiento predictivo de la flota atunera activa del Pacífico Oriental. La metodología aplicada para esta investigación se fundamentó en la caracterización general de la flota activa del Pacífico Oriental a través de información documental que permitió clasificar a las embarcaciones por banderas y años de antigüedad y del estudio de las variables de gestión de mantenimiento utilizada por las embarcaciones, para lo cual se utilizó una muestra de estudio conformada por 41 embarcaciones que realizan operaciones logísticas en puertos ecuatorianos ubicados en los cantones de Manta y Jaramijó. En general la investigación detalla que la flota resulta antigua incluyendo sus motores diésel y resto de equipos a bordo, la misma que no cuenta con tecnologías actuales de control de indicadores, los mismos que son registrados manualmente en bitácoras físicas. Palabras clave: mantenimiento predictivo, motores diésel, parámetros, control, sistema de lubricación, sistema de enfriamiento, sistema de combustible. Abstract The fishing activity is considered of great importance from a nutritional and economic perspective because it develops in a proportional way to the population growth; It is considered that the first link in this supply chain are tuna vessels, maintenance management being essential for their operation, especially of a predictive type, however, today the state of the fundamental elements of maintenance is not known. this vital fleet. Considering that a large part of the fleet is over 40 years old and that at the moment there are no defined studies on the development of this maintenance process, the main objective is to characterize the state of application of predictive maintenance techniques in the active tuna fleet. of the Eastern Pacific. The methodology applied for this research was based on the general characterization of the active fleet of the Eastern Pacific through documentary information that allowed to classify the vessels by flags and years of age and the study of the maintenance management variables used by the vessels, for which a study sample made up of 41 vessels that carry out logistics operations in Ecuadorian ports located in the cantons of Manta and Jaramijó was used. In general, the investigation details that the fleet is old, including its diesel engines and other equipment on board, which does not have current indicator control technologies, which are manually recorded in physical binnacle. Keywords: predictive maintenance, diesel engines, parameters, control, lubrication system, cooling system, fuel system. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 04 de octubre de 2021.Fecha de aceptación: 09 de noviembre de 2021.Fecha de publicación: 08 de diciembre de 2021. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2021-12-08 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/66 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 4 No. 8 Ed. esp. (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial diciembre 2021); 79-95 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 4 Núm. 8 Ed. esp. (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial diciembre 2021); 79-95 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/66/90 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/66/91 Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/67 2022-02-16T20:52:05Z ingeniar:ART

STUDY OF THE APPLICATION OF PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE IN DIESEL ENGINES IN THE PROVINCE OF MANABÍ Estudio de la aplicación del mantenimiento predictivo en motores diésel en la provincia de Manabí Zambrano-Castro, Jonathan Wilmer Pérez-Guerrero, Julio Nolberto Mantenimiento predictivo, talleres automotrices, tecnificación automotriz, sector automotriz en Manabí, mantenimiento por condición Predictive maintenance, automotive workshops, automotive technification, automotive sector in Manabí, maintenance by condition The predictive maintenance of internal combustion engines is in continuous development and application worldwide, diesel internal combustion engines, for their operational advantages have a great weight for the world and national economy, so proper maintenance is necessary to ensure their availability, however the state of the application of predictive maintenance techniques in diesel engines is unknown,  for this reason the objective of the work is to present the results of the exploratory study of the  application of the diagnostic instrument to determine the  state of predictive maintenance of diesel internal combustion engines in the province of Manabí,  particularly to know the equipment, techniques and preparation. The research was developed in an integrated way by several methods such as documentary analysis, systemic analysis, analysis and synthesis, unstructured interview and direct observation. To obtain the field information, we started from the design of the diagnostic instrument with questions oriented to three variables, it was applied to the sample of 24 workshops. As a result of the study it was detected that the  automotive service centers present a low or no level of application of predictive maintenance techniques, the human factor of the after-sales centers is professional while the workshops there is a high index of empirical personnel, that the technical and technological level of the sample presents as the most common tool the scanner and lack techniques  as analysis of oil, gases, vibrations and thermography, that the knowledge required for the application of the techniques is below the regional average and through direct observation it was possible to establish that the infrastructure conditions  are  acceptable for its incorporation. Finally, the above allows us to conclude that the state of the application of predictive maintenance techniques in diesel engines in the province of Manabí is unsatisfactory. Keywords: Predictive maintenance, automotive workshops, automotive technification, automotive sector in Manabí, maintenance by condition. El mantenimiento predictivo de motores de combustión interna se encuentra en continuo desarrollo y aplicación a nivel mundial, los motores de combustión interna diésel, por sus ventajas operativas tienen un gran peso para la economía mundial y nacional, por ello es necesario un correcto mantenimiento para garantizar su disponibilidad, sin embargo se desconoce el estado de la aplicación de las técnicas del mantenimiento predictivo en motores diésel, por esta razón el objetivo del trabajo es exponer los resultados del estudio exploratorio de la aplicación del instrumento diagnóstico para determinar el estado del mantenimiento predictivo de motores de combustión interna diésel en la provincia de Manabí, particularmente conocer el equipamiento, técnicas y preparación. La investigación se desarrolló de forma integrada por varios métodos como el análisis documental, el sistémico, el análisis y síntesis, la entrevista no estructurada y la observación directa. Para obtener la información de campo se partió del diseñó del instrumento diagnostico con preguntas orientadas a tres variables, se aplicó a la muestra de 24 talleres. Como resultado del estudio se detectó que los centros de servicio automotriz presentan un bajo o nulo nivel de aplicación de técnicas del mantenimiento predictivo, el factor humano de los centros de posventa es profesional mientras los talleres existe un alto índice de personal empírico, que el nivel técnico y tecnológico de la muestra presenta como herramienta más común el escáner y carecen de técnicas como análisis de aceite, gases, vibraciones y termografía, que los conocimientos requeridos para la aplicación de las técnicas se encuentra por debajo de la media regional y a través de la observación directa se logró establecer que las condiciones de infraestructura son aceptables para su incorporación. Finalmente, lo expuesto permite concluir que el estado de la aplicación de las técnicas del mantenimiento predictivo en motores diésel en la provincia de Manabí es poco satisfactorio. Palabras clave: Mantenimiento predictivo, talleres automotrices, tecnificación automotriz, sector automotriz en Manabí, mantenimiento por condición. Abstract The predictive maintenance of internal combustion engines is in continuous development and application worldwide, diesel internal combustion engines, for their operational advantages have a great weight for the world and national economy, so proper maintenance is necessary to ensure their availability, however the state of the application of predictive maintenance techniques in diesel engines is unknown,  for this reason the objective of the work is to present the results of the exploratory study of the  application of the diagnostic instrument to determine the  state of predictive maintenance of diesel internal combustion engines in the province of Manabí,  particularly to know the equipment, techniques and preparation. The research was developed in an integrated way by several methods such as documentary analysis, systemic analysis, analysis and synthesis, unstructured interview and direct observation. To obtain the field information, we started from the design of the diagnostic instrument with questions oriented to three variables, it was applied to the sample of 24 workshops. As a result of the study it was detected that the  automotive service centers present a low or no level of application of predictive maintenance techniques, the human factor of the after-sales centers is professional while the workshops there is a high index of empirical personnel, that the technical and technological level of the sample presents as the most common tool the scanner and lack techniques  as analysis of oil, gases, vibrations and thermography, that the knowledge required for the application of the techniques is below the regional average and through direct observation it was possible to establish that the infrastructure conditions  are  acceptable for its incorporation. Finally, the above allows us to conclude that the state of the application of predictive maintenance techniques in diesel engines in the province of Manabí is unsatisfactory. Keywords: Predictive maintenance, automotive workshops, automotive technification, automotive sector in Manabí, maintenance by condition. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 04 de octubre de 2021.Fecha de aceptación: 09 de noviembre de 2021.Fecha de publicación: 08 de diciembre de 2021. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2021-12-08 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/67 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 4 No. 8 Ed. esp. (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial diciembre 2021); 96-116 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 4 Núm. 8 Ed. esp. (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial diciembre 2021); 96-116 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/67/92 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/67/93 Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/68 2022-02-17T06:08:54Z ingeniar:ART

RECONVERSION OF REFRIGERANT GASES AT THE INSTITUTE SUPERIOR TECNOLÓGICO LUIS ARBOLEDA MARTÍNEZ Reconversión de gases refrigerantes en el Instituto Superior Tecnológico Luis Arboleda Martínez Vélez-Moreira, Víctor Hugo Tóala-Arcentales, Galvin Antonio innovación tecnológica, gases refrigerantes, energía, recursos naturales technological innovation, refrigerant gases, energy, natural resources The objective of this work was to propose a technological innovation action based on the reconversion of refrigerant gases in domestic climate equipment, which ensures greater energy efficiency in their use. Conventional domestic air conditioning equipment has a high consumption of electrical energy which, due to the nature of the original generation of energy in the Luis Arboleda Martínez de Manta Higher Technological Institute, for this reason the energy consumption of conventional climate conditioning equipment was analyzed , it was established through the theoretical analysis the refrigerant gases that are available in the market and that their use with reconversion techniques to reduce the environmental impact may be feasible, for this purpose, they were evaluated by allocating the gas reconversion techniques in conventional climate equipment that have been successfully implemented in recent years and the energy and environmental results associated with the reconversion of refrigerant gases in order to reduce polluting emissions and preserve natural resources. Keywords: technological innovation, refrigerant gases, energy, natural resources. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue proponer una acción de innovación tecnológica basada en la reconversión de gases refrigerantes en los equipos de clima domésticos, que asegure una mayor eficiencia energética en el uso de los mismos. Los equipos de climatización doméstico convencionales presentan un alto consumo de energía eléctrica que, por la naturaleza de la generación originaria de la energía en Instituto Superior Tecnológico Luis Arboleda Martínez de Manta, por ello se analizó el consumo de energía de los equipos acondicionadores de clima convencionales, se estableció mediante el análisis teórico los gases refrigerantes que se encuentran disponibles en el mercado y que pueden resultar factibles su utilización con técnicas de reconversión para reducción el impacto ambiental, para ello se valoraron alorar las técnicas de reconversión de gases en equipos de climas convencionales que se han puesto en práctica con éxito en los últimos años y los resultados energéticos y ambientales asociados a la reconversión de los gases refrigerantes en función de disminuir las emisiones contaminantes y la preservación de los recursos naturales. Palabras clave: innovación tecnológica, gases refrigerantes, energía, recursos naturales. Abstract The objective of this work was to propose a technological innovation action based on the reconversion of refrigerant gases in domestic climate equipment, which ensures greater energy efficiency in their use. Conventional domestic air conditioning equipment has a high consumption of electrical energy which, due to the nature of the original generation of energy in the Luis Arboleda Martínez de Manta Higher Technological Institute, for this reason the energy consumption of conventional climate conditioning equipment was analyzed , it was established through the theoretical analysis the refrigerant gases that are available in the market and that their use with reconversion techniques to reduce the environmental impact may be feasible, for this purpose, they were evaluated by allocating the gas reconversion techniques in conventional climate equipment that have been successfully implemented in recent years and the energy and environmental results associated with the reconversion of refrigerant gases in order to reduce polluting emissions and preserve natural resources. Keywords: technological innovation, refrigerant gases, energy, natural resources. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 28 de mayo de 2021. Fecha de aceptación: 08 de julio de 2021.Fecha de publicación: 09 de julio de 2021. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2021-07-09 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/68 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 4 No. 8 (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 211-242 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 4 Núm. 8 (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 211-242 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/68/94 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/68/95 Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/69 2022-02-17T06:20:26Z ingeniar:ART

COMBINATION OF MIXTURES OF COARSE AND FINE AGGREGATES FROM THE URUZCA´S QUARRY FOR DIFFERENT CONCRETE STRENGTHS Combinación de mezclas de agregados gruesos y finos pertenecientes a la Cantera Uruzca para diferentes resistencias de hormigón Cedeño-Cedeño, Héctor Eduardo Chávez-Chon Long, Jaime Emilio Macías-Sánchez, Lucia Katherine Ortiz-Hernández, Eduardo Humberto Hormigón, agregados grueso, agregado fino, resistividad eléctrica, resistencia Concrete, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, electrical resistivity, strength This research focused on designing a mixture of stone aggregates to be used in the design of concrete of 210 kg/cm2 and 240 kg/cm2. For this mix, materials were collected from the Uruzca quarry and granulometric tests were carried out on them. To make the aggregate mix, a trial and error method was used; complementary tests of specific weight, compacted and loose unit weight and percentage of moisture required by the ACI 211.1 Method were carried out. The proportions of fine materials that were selected correspond to a percentage of 80/20 (80% cisco and 20% bench sand) which improved its grading and the fineness modulus was adjusted to the range of 2.3 to 3.1, the compressive strengths were exceeded but the electrical resistivity showed high penetration of chlorides, leaving a deficient durability in high contamination environments. The proportions of materials required to design a 210 kg/cm2 concrete are 1 of cement with 4.36 of coarse and fine aggregate, while for a 240 kg/cm2 mix they are 1 of cement and 3.85 of coarse and fine aggregate. Keywords: Concrete, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, electrical resistivity, strength. Esta investigación se enfocó en diseñar una mezcla de agregados pétreos para posterior ser utilizados en diseño de hormigones de 210 kg/cm2 y 240 kg/cm2. Para esta mezcla se recopilaron materiales de la cantera Uruzca a los que se les realizaron ensayos granulométricos, para realizar la mezcla de agregados se empleó un método de tanteo; se realizaron ensayos complementarios de peso específico, peso unitario compactado y suelto y porcentaje de humedad necesarios para el Método ACI 211.1. Las proporciones de materiales finos que fueron seleccionadas corresponden a un porcentaje de 80/20 (80% cisco y 20% arena de banco) con lo que se mejoró su graduación y el módulo de finura se ajustó al rango de 2.3 a 3.1, las resistencias a la compresión fueron superadas pero la resistividad eléctrica demostró alta penetración de cloruros, dejando marcado una durabilidad deficiente en ambientes de alta contaminación. Las proporciones de materiales que se requieren para diseñar un hormigón de 210 kg/cm2 son de 1 de cemento con 4.36 de agregado grueso y fino, mientras que para una mezcla de 240 kg/cm2 son 1 de cemento y 3.85 de agregado grueso y fino. Palabras clave: Hormigón, agregados grueso, agregado fino, resistividad eléctrica, resistencia. Abstract This research focused on designing a mixture of stone aggregates to be used in the design of concrete of 210 kg/cm2 and 240 kg/cm2. For this mix, materials were collected from the Uruzca quarry and granulometric tests were carried out on them. To make the aggregate mix, a trial and error method was used; complementary tests of specific weight, compacted and loose unit weight and percentage of moisture required by the ACI 211.1 Method were carried out. The proportions of fine materials that were selected correspond to a percentage of 80/20 (80% cisco and 20% bench sand) which improved its grading and the fineness modulus was adjusted to the range of 2.3 to 3.1, the compressive strengths were exceeded but the electrical resistivity showed high penetration of chlorides, leaving a deficient durability in high contamination environments. The proportions of materials required to design a 210 kg/cm2 concrete are 1 of cement with 4.36 of coarse and fine aggregate, while for a 240 kg/cm2 mix they are 1 of cement and 3.85 of coarse and fine aggregate. Keywords: Concrete, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, electrical resistivity, strength. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 21 de diciembre de 2021.Fecha de aceptación: 01 de febrero de 2022.Fecha de publicación: 07 de febrero de 2022. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2022-02-07 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/69 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 5 No. 9 Ed. esp. (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 23-38 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 5 Núm. 9 Ed. esp. (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 23-38 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/69/96 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/69/97 Copyright (c) 2022 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/70 2022-04-14T06:56:47Z ingeniar:ART

PROPOSAL FOR URBAN TRAFFIC PLANNING IN PORTOVIEJO FROM RAMOS IDUARTE STREET TO THE MONUMENT OF AGRICULTURE Propuesta de ordenamiento al tránsito urbano de Portoviejo desde Ramos Iduarte hasta Monumento de Agricultura Jácome-Macías, Dayana Nathaly Pérez-Loor, Dennys Loryín García-Vinces, Jimmy Jeffrey Tráfico vehicular, aforo vehicular, parque automotor Vehicular traffic, vehicular capacity, vehicle fleet In order to guarantee a better planning in the congestion of vehicular traffic, this scientific article is elaborated, since alternatives of improvements are proposed regarding the level of service to mitigate the vehicular chaos present in the study area, taking into account that Ramos Iduarte Street and University Avenue itself that leads to the Monument of Agriculture, are avenues considered as roads of greater flow since they are part of the entrance and exit to the city of Portoviejo. The increase in population and vehicle fleet, as well as the increase in the use of private vehicles and the high tendency to use motorcycles, make the road network insufficient in many stretches. Within the development of this article, data collection was implemented, which consisted of carrying out a vehicular gauging, which were taken at traffic lights, measurements of the existing characteristics, to alleviate the great vehicular congestion of the intersection is that it proposes to modify the traffic light times, where the safety of pedestrians is prioritized. Keywords: Vehicular traffic, vehicular capacity, vehicle fleet. Con el fin de garantizar una circulación más fluida y segura del tránsito vehicular y peatonal, se elabora el presente artículo científico, pues se proponen alternativas de mejoras referentes al nivel de servicio para mitigar el caos vehicular presente en la zona de estudio, teniendo en cuenta que en la calle Ramos Iduarte y Avenida Universitaria misma que conduce al Monumento de la Agricultura, son avenidas consideradas como vías de mayor flujo ya que las mismas forman parte del ingreso y salida a la ciudad de Portoviejo. El incremento de la población y del parque automotor, así como el aumento del uso de vehículos particulares y la alta tendencia a la utilización de vehículos tipo moto, hacen que la red vial en muchos tramos sea insuficiente. Dentro del desarrollo de este artículo se implementó la recolección de datos, misma que, consistió en realizar un aforo vehicular, los cuales fueron tomados en los semáforos, mediciones de las características existentes, para aliviar el gran congestionamiento vehicular de la intersección es que propone modificar los tiempos semafóricos, donde se priorice la seguridad de los peatones. Palabras clave: Tráfico vehicular, aforo vehicular, parque automotor. Abstract In order to guarantee a better planning in the congestion of vehicular traffic, this scientific article is elaborated, since alternatives of improvements are proposed regarding the level of service to mitigate the vehicular chaos present in the study area, taking into account that Ramos Iduarte Street and University Avenue itself that leads to the Monument of Agriculture, are avenues considered as roads of greater flow since they are part of the entrance and exit to the city of Portoviejo. The increase in population and vehicle fleet, as well as the increase in the use of private vehicles and the high tendency to use motorcycles, make the road network insufficient in many stretches. Within the development of this article, data collection was implemented, which consisted of carrying out a vehicular gauging, which were taken at traffic lights, measurements of the existing characteristics, to alleviate the great vehicular congestion of the intersection is that it proposes to modify the traffic light times, where the safety of pedestrians is prioritized. Keywords: Vehicular traffic, vehicular capacity, vehicle fleet. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 21 de enero de 2022.Fecha de aceptación: 02 de marzo de 2022.Fecha de publicación: 03 de marzo de 2022. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2022-03-03 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/70 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 5 No. 9 Ed. esp. (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial marzo 2022); 2-11 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 5 Núm. 9 Ed. esp. (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial marzo 2022); 2-11 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/70/98 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/70/99 Copyright (c) 2022 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/71 2022-06-15T05:32:41Z ingeniar:ART

TIPPER MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES Estrategias de gestión del mantenimiento de volquetes Solórzano-Calero, Emilio Manuel Mantenimiento, Volquetes, Ingeniería industrial Maintenance, Tippers, Industrial engineering The present investigation proposes a maintenance management model, based on a system that adopts the particularities of the continuous improvement process, in a time of 6 months, applied to the operational and administrative levels. This management model proposes stages, developed and executed according to the current situation of the Sinotruk dump trucks of the GADMEC (El Carmen Municipal Decentralized Autonomous Government) in order to optimize the processes of planning, programming and execution of maintenance at all levels. The maintenance management allowed to know the operational level and the performance of the unit in compliance with the current maintenance plan.Through a Reliability, Maintainability and Availability analysis methodology to determine the level of maintenance indicators in the observation stage that allowed the data to be collected and tabulated in order to obtain relevant information by applying a quantitative analysis of the maintenance indicators when applying the mentioned management, using the results of the average times between failures, average times to repair and the number of scheduled and unscheduled stops for the effective maintenance of the equipment under study. These indicators made it possible to determine the growth in productivity and quality of the provision of services to the community with the increase in availability as a result of better planning, programming, organization and process control. Keywords: Maintenance, Tippers, Industrial engineering. La presente investigación plantea un modelo de gestión de mantenimiento, basada en un sistema que adopta las particularidades del proceso de mejora continua, en un tiempo de 6 meses, aplicados a los niveles operativos y administrativos. Este modelo de gestión plantea etapas, desarrollados y ejecutados de acordes a la situación actual de los volquetes Sinotruk del GADMEC (Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado Municipal de El Carmen) a fin de optimizar los procesos de planificación, programación y ejecución del mantenimiento en todos sus niveles. La gestión de mantenimiento permitió conocer el nivel operacional y el rendimiento de la unidad en el cumplimiento del actual plan de mantenimiento. Mediante una metodología de análisis de Confiabilidad, Mantenibilidad y Disponibilidad para determinar el nivel de los indicadores de mantenimiento en la etapa de observación que permitió levantar los datos y tabularlos a fin de obtener información relevante aplicando un análisis cuantitativo de los indicadores de mantenimiento al aplicar la mencionada gestión, valiéndonos de los resultados de los tiempos promedios entre fallas, tiempos promedios para reparar y el número paradas programadas y no programadas para el mantenimiento efectivo de los equipos sujetos de estudio. Estos indicadores permitieron determinar el crecimiento de la productividad y calidad de la prestación de servicios a la comunidad con el aumento de disponibilidad como consecuencia de una mejor planeación, programación, organización y control de procesos. Palabras clave: Mantenimiento, Volquetes, Ingeniería industrial. Abstract The present investigation proposes a maintenance management model, based on a system that adopts the particularities of the continuous improvement process, in a time of 6 months, applied to the operational and administrative levels. This management model proposes stages, developed and executed according to the current situation of the Sinotruk dump trucks of the GADMEC (El Carmen Municipal Decentralized Autonomous Government) in order to optimize the processes of planning, programming and execution of maintenance at all levels. The maintenance management allowed to know the operational level and the performance of the unit in compliance with the current maintenance plan.Through a Reliability, Maintainability and Availability analysis methodology to determine the level of maintenance indicators in the observation stage that allowed the data to be collected and tabulated in order to obtain relevant information by applying a quantitative analysis of the maintenance indicators when applying the mentioned management, using the results of the average times between failures, average times to repair and the number of scheduled and unscheduled stops for the effective maintenance of the equipment under study. These indicators made it possible to determine the growth in productivity and quality of the provision of services to the community with the increase in availability as a result of better planning, programming, organization and process control. Keywords: Maintenance, Tippers, Industrial engineering. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 16 de agosto de 2021.Fecha de aceptación: 07 de octubre de 2021.Fecha de publicación: 06 de enero de 2022. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2022-01-06 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/71 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 5 No. 9 (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 25-33 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 5 Núm. 9 (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 25-33 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/71/100 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/71/101 Copyright (c) 2022 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/72 2022-06-15T05:32:41Z ingeniar:ART

IMPROVING THE AVAILABILITY OF SINOTRUK TIPPERS FOR GADMEC Mejora de la disponibilidad de los Volquetes Sinotruk del GADMEC Solórzano-Calero, Emilio Manuel Mejora, Disponibilidad de volquetes, Gestión integral Improvement, Availability of dump trucks, Comprehensive management Characterizing the elements that allow the application of a correct comprehensive maintenance management that covers all organizational levels of the company, requires that certain parameters be established for it, distributing the activities programming, planning, control, monitoring and evaluation of the processes. which in turn will allow improvements to the system. The maintenance management model for industrial SMEs presented as a product of this research is made up of four factors: maintenance planning; the execution of the maintenance, the verification that encloses measurement, evaluation and analysis. Under this premise, this Review aims to study to increase the operational availability of GADMEC's Sinotruk Tippers. In this sense, what is exposed in this review shows the potential to improve the availability of Sinotruk Tippers as an innovative contribution for GADMEC. Keywords: Improvement, Availability of dump trucks, Comprehensive management. Caracterizar los elementos que permitan la aplicación de una correcta gestión integral de mantenimiento que abarque a todos los niveles organizacionales de la empresa, exige que se establezcan ciertos parámetros a la misma, distribuyendo las actividades programación, planificación, control, monitoreo y evaluación de los procesos que a la vez permitirán mejoras al sistema. El modelo de gestión de mantenimiento para las pymes industriales presentado como producto de esta investigación, está conformado por cuatro factores, la planificación de mantenimiento; la ejecución del mantenimiento, la verificación que encierra medición, evaluación y análisis. Bajo esta premisa, la presente Revisión tiene como objetivo el estudio para el aumento de la disponibilidad operacional de los Volquetes Sinotruk del GADMEC. En ese sentido, lo expuesto en esta revisión evidencia el potencial de mejora de la disponibilidad de los Volquetes Sinotruk como aporte innovador para GADMEC. Palabras clave: Mejora, Disponibilidad de volquetes, Gestión integral. Abstract Characterizing the elements that allow the application of a correct comprehensive maintenance management that covers all organizational levels of the company, requires that certain parameters be established for it, distributing the activities programming, planning, control, monitoring and evaluation of the processes. which in turn will allow improvements to the system. The maintenance management model for industrial SMEs presented as a product of this research is made up of four factors: maintenance planning; the execution of the maintenance, the verification that encloses measurement, evaluation and analysis. Under this premise, this Review aims to study to increase the operational availability of GADMEC's Sinotruk Tippers. In this sense, what is exposed in this review shows the potential to improve the availability of Sinotruk Tippers as an innovative contribution for GADMEC. Keywords: Improvement, Availability of dump trucks, Comprehensive management. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 16 de agosto de 2021.Fecha de aceptación: 07 de octubre de 2021.Fecha de publicación: 06 de enero de 2022. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2022-01-06 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/72 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 5 No. 9 (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 34-41 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 5 Núm. 9 (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 34-41 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/72/102 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/72/103 Copyright (c) 2022 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/74 2022-04-14T06:56:47Z ingeniar:ART

PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE OF MARINE DIESEL ENGINES USING RECOVERED FOSSIL OILS Mantenimiento preventivo de motores marinos de Diesel mediante aceites fósiles recuperados Macias-Meza, Jefferson Armando Gorozabel-Chata, Francis Benjamín mantenimiento preventivo, diésel, motores marinos, aceites fósiles preventive maintenance, diesel, marine engines, fossil oils A preventive maintenance system is designed to meet quality, efficiency, and safety requirements. These requirements have basically been formalized. In particular, it refers to the security requirements stipulated by international conventions. Failure to comply with these requirements is mainly formal and will leave the system in a state of incompetence (Bielawski, Piotr, 2021), so the specific objective of the preventive maintenance process is to take advantage of knowledge of breakdowns and accidents to achieve the maximum possible safety. with the lowest possible cost In this perspective, this study proposes a risk assessment methodology for the evaluation of preventive maintenance planning based on a reliability model for marine engine systems, which allows the use of flexible intervals between interventions. maintenance, and ultimately, the systematization of preventive maintenance methods for marine engines using recovered fossil oils. This model of preventive maintenance of marine engines using recovered fossil oils was generated to condition the monitoring of the crankshaft position, deviations and symptoms of the condition of the tribological joint and diagnostic models based on defined and measurable deviations and vibration symptoms. The generated model allowed to monitor the condition of the big end bearing, the crosshead bearing, the big end bearing and the main bearings. specific for sets of ship machines with engine with crankshaft-piston mechanism, symptoms and deviations, and relationships between them. Keywords: preventive maintenance, diesel, marine engines, fossil oils. Un sistema de mantenimiento preventivo está diseñado para cumplir con los requisitos de calidad, eficiencia y seguridad. Estos requisitos se han formalizado básicamente. En particular, se refiere a los requisitos de seguridad estipulados por los convenios internacionales. El incumplimiento de estos requisitos es principalmente formal y dejará al sistema en un estado de incompetencia (Bielawski, Piotr, 2021) por lo que el objetivo específico del proceso de mantenimiento preventivo radica en aprovechar el conocimiento de averías y accidentes para conseguir la máxima seguridad posible con el menor coste posible En esta perspectiva, este estudio propone una metodología de evaluación de riesgos para la evaluación de la planificación del mantenimiento preventivo basada en un modelo de confiabilidad para los sistemas de motores marinos, que permite el uso de intervalos flexibles entre las intervenciones de mantenimiento, y en última instancia, la sistematización de métodos de mantenimiento preventivo de motores marinos mediante aceites fósiles recuperados.  Este modelo de mantenimiento preventivo de motores marinos mediante aceites fósiles recuperados se generó para condicionar el monitoreo de la posición del cigüeñal, desviaciones y síntomas de la condición de la unión tribológica y modelos de diagnóstico basados en desviaciones definidas y medibles y síntomas de vibración. El modelo generado permitió monitorear el estado del cojinete de la cabeza de la biela, el cojinete de la cruceta, el cojinete de la cabeza de la biela y los cojinetes principales específico para conjuntos de máquinas de embarcaciones con motor con mecanismo de cigüeñal-pistón, síntomas y desviaciones, y relaciones entre ellos. Palabras clave: mantenimiento preventivo, diésel, motores marinos, aceites fósiles. Abstract A preventive maintenance system is designed to meet quality, efficiency, and safety requirements. These requirements have basically been formalized. In particular, it refers to the security requirements stipulated by international conventions. Failure to comply with these requirements is mainly formal and will leave the system in a state of incompetence (Bielawski, Piotr, 2021), so the specific objective of the preventive maintenance process is to take advantage of knowledge of breakdowns and accidents to achieve the maximum possible safety. with the lowest possible cost In this perspective, this study proposes a risk assessment methodology for the evaluation of preventive maintenance planning based on a reliability model for marine engine systems, which allows the use of flexible intervals between interventions. maintenance, and ultimately, the systematization of preventive maintenance methods for marine engines using recovered fossil oils. This model of preventive maintenance of marine engines using recovered fossil oils was generated to condition the monitoring of the crankshaft position, deviations and symptoms of the condition of the tribological joint and diagnostic models based on defined and measurable deviations and vibration symptoms. The generated model allowed to monitor the condition of the big end bearing, the crosshead bearing, the big end bearing and the main bearings. specific for sets of ship machines with engine with crankshaft-piston mechanism, symptoms and deviations, and relationships between them. Keywords: preventive maintenance, diesel, marine engines, fossil oils. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 21 de enero de 2022.Fecha de aceptación: 14 de marzo de 2022.Fecha de publicación: 24 de marzo de 2022. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2022-03-24 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/74 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 5 No. 9 Ed. esp. (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial marzo 2022); 12-19 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 5 Núm. 9 Ed. esp. (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial marzo 2022); 12-19 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/74/104 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/74/105 Copyright (c) 2022 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/75 2022-04-14T07:35:05Z ingeniar:ART

QUALITY OF SOCIAL INTEREST HOUSING IN BAMBOO CANE APPLIED IN THE MEMBRILLAL SITE OF THE JIPIJAPA CANTON Calidad de viviendas de interés social en caña guadua aplicados en el sitio Membrillal del cantón Jipijapa Loor-Reyes, Marcia Ketherine Véliz-Parraga, José Fabian Calidad de viviendas, interés social, caña guadua Housing quality, social interest, bamboo cane Taking into account the current social housing projects, it is feasible to affirm that the housing process prioritizes quantitative methods in the production of social housing, putting quality aspects in the background. In this sense, the importance of improving the quality of life in poor communities has been reflected, which has become a clear objective, because the quality of the products provided by the national plan is poor and cannot meet the needs of the population. Based on a survey aimed at developing a comprehensive approach to housing quality, this article first briefly presents the housing approach implemented in the country. Then, explain the definition of the conceptual framework and the recommendations of methods for residential quality, and based on the analysis of the research results, transform them into design recommendations and improved regulations. Keywords: Housing quality, social interest, bamboo cane. Teniendo en cuenta los actuales proyectos de vivienda social, resulta factible afirmar que el proceso habitacional prioriza los métodos cuantitativos (cantidad de viviendas construidas) en la producción de vivienda social, poniendo en segundo plano los aspectos de calidad, dado que la vivienda debe garantizar condiciones de confort en cuanto a las necesidades humanas en el ámbito de salud, espaciamiento y seguridad en las condiciones de su entorno. En este sentido, se ha reflejado la importancia de mejorar la calidad de vida en los sectores más vulnerables, lo cual se ha convertido en un objetivo claro, porque la calidad de los productos que brinda los planes habitacionales presenta carencias y no satisfacen las necesidades de la población. Basado en una encuesta destinada a desarrollar un enfoque integral de la calidad de la vivienda, este artículo primero presenta brevemente el enfoque habitacional implementado en el país. Luego, explicar la definición del marco conceptual y las recomendaciones de métodos para la calidad residencial, y con base en el análisis de los resultados de la investigación, transformarlos en recomendaciones de diseño y regulaciones mejoradas. Palabras clave: Calidad de viviendas, interés social, caña guadua. Abstract Taking into account the current social housing projects, it is feasible to affirm that the housing process prioritizes quantitative methods in the production of social housing, putting quality aspects in the background. In this sense, the importance of improving the quality of life in poor communities has been reflected, which has become a clear objective, because the quality of the products provided by the national plan is poor and cannot meet the needs of the population. Based on a survey aimed at developing a comprehensive approach to housing quality, this article first briefly presents the housing approach implemented in the country. Then, explain the definition of the conceptual framework and the recommendations of methods for residential quality, and based on the analysis of the research results, transform them into design recommendations and improved regulations. Keywords: Housing quality, social interest, bamboo cane. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 14 de enero de 2022.Fecha de aceptación: 11 de abril de 2022.Fecha de publicación: 13 de abril de 2022. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2022-04-13 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/75 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 5 No. 9 Ed. esp. (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial abril 2022); 2-13 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 5 Núm. 9 Ed. esp. (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial abril 2022); 2-13 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/75/106 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/75/107 Copyright (c) 2022 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/76 2022-04-27T01:16:26Z ingeniar:ART

PROPOSAL FOR A MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF THE ELECTRICAL ENERGY BACKUP SYSTEM OF THE PORTOVIEJO SPECIALTY HOSPITAL Propuesta de un plan de gestión del mantenimiento del sistema de respaldo de energía eléctrica del Hospital de Especialidades Portoviejo Velásquez-Moreira, Patricio Raúl Llosas-Albuerne, Yolanda Eugenia energía eléctrica, hospital, seguridad, plan de gestión, mantenimiento electric power, hospital, safety, management plan, maintenance In the health sector, the quality and safety of the electricity supply play a very important role in the operation of hospitals and clinics. One of the fundamental aspects for the proper functioning of any type of hospital facility is the management of the electrical system, today it is more important than ever to design and operate electrical systems that not only have the maximum practicable efficiency, but also have the highest degree of security and reliability. But beyond this, special attention must be paid not only to the continuous supply of energy but also to its quality, referring to the distortions that may be present in terms of voltage or frequency variations. To guarantee proper operation, health centers must have an energy backup system that guarantees that electricity will not be affected or interrupted despite failures that may occur. In this study, the Portoviejo Specialty Hospital was taken as the research context, where qualitative, semi-quantitative and quantitative audits were carried out, to stage the maintenance problem in the electrical backup system. Taking into account that the electric power backup unit is made up of Generators and UPS, a criticality analysis was carried out on each one of them, analyzing various parameters, with the aim of finding the highly critical equipment and proceeding to evaluate them in addition to determine the maintenance tasks for each of them, considering the existing problems in the electrical system, where failures or stoppages in the generation system can occur at unexpected times. In the criticality analysis of the UPS, 5 components were obtained in a Critical state with ranges of 133.33 < Score ≤ 200; 5 teams were obtained in regular or Semi-Critical status with values ​​of 82, 87, 116 and 123 located in the range of 66.66 < Score ≤ 133.33. And 8 components were obtained in Non-Critical status with a value of 33, 58, 66 which are located within the range 6 ≤ Score ≤ 66.66. Likewise Based on the criteria evaluated in the criticality analysis, 5 components were obtained in Critical status with ranges of 136 and 156, located in the margin 133.33 < Score ≤ 200; 5 teams were obtained in regular or Semi-Critical status with values ​​of 99, 111, 126 and 123, located in the range of 66.66 < Score ≤ 133.33. And 2 components were obtained in a Non-Critical state with a value of 34 and 42, which is located within the range 6 ≤ Score ≤ 66.66. We understand as operations or critical loads everything that implies the continuity of the life of patients such as: operating rooms or intensive care, emergencies, laboratories, nursing stations, radiology, water treatment and vital medical equipment or systems, among others. In the case of normal operation, if there is a fault, the cut must not be greater than 60 seconds and for critical loads, the lack of energy cannot exceed 10 seconds, that is, the backup acts immediately when it comes to saving a person's life. The use of the Criticality analysis in the Hospital's Energy Backup System allowed us to make the right decisions and focus on the UPS and Generator equipment that is most critical, for which an FMEA was applied to both generators and UPS, with the aim of in order to perform better management to maximize its availability, maintainability and reliability. Keywords: electric power, hospital, safety, management plan, maintenance. En el sector de la salud, la calidad y seguridad del suministro eléctrico juegan un papel muy importante para la operatividad de hospitales y clínicas. Uno de los aspectos fundamentales para el buen funcionamiento de cualquier tipo de instalación hospitalaria es la gestión del sistema eléctrico, hoy día es más importante que nunca diseñar y operar sistemas eléctricos que, no sólo tengan la máxima eficiencia practicable, sino que, además, tengan el más alto grado de seguridad y confiabilidad. Pero más allá de esto, se debe tener especial atención no sólo en el suministro continuo de energía sino también en la calidad de ésta, referido a las distorsiones que pueden estar presentes en términos de variaciones de tensión o de frecuencia. Para garantizar un correcto funcionamiento, los centros de salud deben contar con un sistema de respaldo de energía que garantice que la electricidad no se verá afectada o interrumpida pese a fallas que puedan presentarse. En este estudio se tomó como contexto de investigación al Hospital de Especialidades Portoviejo, donde se practicaron auditorias cualitativas, semi- cuantitativas y cuantitativas, para escenificar la problemática del mantenimiento, en el sistema de respaldo eléctrico. Teniendo en cuenta que la unidad de respaldo de energía eléctrica está compuesta por Generadores y UPS, se realizó un análisis de criticidad a cada uno de ellos, analizando varios parámetros, con el objetivo de encontrar los equipos de alta criticidad y proceder a evaluarlos además de determinar las tareas de mantenimiento para cada uno de ellos, considerando las problemáticas existentes en el sistema eléctrico, donde las fallas o paros en el sistema de generación se pueden dar en momentos inesperados. En el análisis de criticidad de los UPS se obtuvieron 5 componentes en estado Crítico con rangos de 133,33 < Puntaje ≤ 200; se obtuvieron 5 equipos en estado regular o Semi-Crítico con valores de 82, 87. 116 y 123 ubicados en el rango de 66,66 < Puntaje ≤ 133,33. Y se obtuvo 8 componentes en estado No Crítico con un valor de 33, 58, 66 los cual se ubican dentro del rango 6 ≤Puntaje ≤ 66,66. Así mismo En base a los criterios evaluados en el análisis de criticidad se obtuvieron 5 componentes en estado Crítico con rangos de 136 y 156, ubicados en el margen 133,33 < Puntaje ≤ 200; se obtuvieron 5 equipos en estado regular o Semi-Crítico con valores de 99, 111, 126 y 123, ubicados en el rango de 66,66 < Puntaje ≤ 133,33. Y se obtuvo 2 componentes en estado No Crítico con un valor de 34 y 42 el cual se ubica dentro del rango 6 ≤Puntaje ≤ 66,66. Entendemos como operaciones o cargas críticas todo lo que implique la continuidad de la vida de los pacientes como: salas de operación o cuidados intensivos, emergencias, laboratorios, estaciones de enfermería, radiología, tratamiento de aguas y equipamiento o sistemas médicos vitales, entre otros. En el caso de la operación habitual, si hubiera una falla, el corte no debe ser mayor a 60 segundos y para cargas críticas, la falta de energía no puede superar los 10 segundos, es decir el respaldo actúa de inmediato cuando se trata de salvar la vida de una persona. El uso del análisis de Criticidad en el Sistema de Respaldo de Energía del Hospital permitió tomar decisiones acertadas y enfocarnos en los equipos de UPS y Generadores que se encuentran más críticos, por lo que se aplicó un AMEF tanto a generadores como a UPS, con el fin de realizar una mejor gestión para maximizar de su disponibilidad, mantenibilidad y confiabilidad. Palabras clave: energía eléctrica, hospital, seguridad, plan de gestión, mantenimiento. Abstract In the health sector, the quality and safety of the electricity supply play a very important role in the operation of hospitals and clinics. One of the fundamental aspects for the proper functioning of any type of hospital facility is the management of the electrical system, today it is more important than ever to design and operate electrical systems that not only have the maximum practicable efficiency, but also have the highest degree of security and reliability. But beyond this, special attention must be paid not only to the continuous supply of energy but also to its quality, referring to the distortions that may be present in terms of voltage or frequency variations. To guarantee proper operation, health centers must have an energy backup system that guarantees that electricity will not be affected or interrupted despite failures that may occur. In this study, the Portoviejo Specialty Hospital was taken as the research context, where qualitative, semi-quantitative and quantitative audits were carried out, to stage the maintenance problem in the electrical backup system. Taking into account that the electric power backup unit is made up of Generators and UPS, a criticality analysis was carried out on each one of them, analyzing various parameters, with the aim of finding the highly critical equipment and proceeding to evaluate them in addition to determine the maintenance tasks for each of them, considering the existing problems in the electrical system, where failures or stoppages in the generation system can occur at unexpected times. In the criticality analysis of the UPS, 5 components were obtained in a Critical state with ranges of 133.33 < Score ≤ 200; 5 teams were obtained in regular or Semi-Critical status with values ​​of 82, 87, 116 and 123 located in the range of 66.66 < Score ≤ 133.33. And 8 components were obtained in Non-Critical status with a value of 33, 58, 66 which are located within the range 6 ≤ Score ≤ 66.66. Likewise Based on the criteria evaluated in the criticality analysis, 5 components were obtained in Critical status with ranges of 136 and 156, located in the margin 133.33 < Score ≤ 200; 5 teams were obtained in regular or Semi-Critical status with values ​​of 99, 111, 126 and 123, located in the range of 66.66 < Score ≤ 133.33. And 2 components were obtained in a Non-Critical state with a value of 34 and 42, which is located within the range 6 ≤ Score ≤ 66.66. We understand as operations or critical loads everything that implies the continuity of the life of patients such as: operating rooms or intensive care, emergencies, laboratories, nursing stations, radiology, water treatment and vital medical equipment or systems, among others. In the case of normal operation, if there is a fault, the cut must not be greater than 60 seconds and for critical loads, the lack of energy cannot exceed 10 seconds, that is, the backup acts immediately when it comes to saving a person's life. The use of the Criticality analysis in the Hospital's Energy Backup System allowed us to make the right decisions and focus on the UPS and Generator equipment that is most critical, for which an FMEA was applied to both generators and UPS, with the aim of in order to perform better management to maximize its availability, maintainability and reliability. Keywords: electric power, hospital, safety, management plan, maintenance. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 04 de octubre de 2021.Fecha de aceptación: 26 de noviembre de 2021.Fecha de publicación: 08 de diciembre de 2021. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2021-12-08 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/76 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 4 No. 8 Ed. esp. (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial diciembre 2021); 117-131 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 4 Núm. 8 Ed. esp. (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial diciembre 2021); 117-131 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/76/108 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/76/109 Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/78 2022-05-19T20:35:30Z ingeniar:ART

ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SOCIAL INTEREST HOUSING PROJECTS IN ROCAFUERTE - MANABÍ Análisis de la implantación de los proyectos de vivienda de interés social en Rocafuerte - Manabí Anchundia-Zambrano, José Ramón García-Pinargote, Víctor Manuel Vivienda de interés social, implantación, desarrollo urbanístico, plan de desarrollo, familias en condición de vulnerabilidad económica Social interest housing, implementation, urban development, development plan, families in a condition of economic vulnerability The Social Interest Housing programs built in Ecuador have their origin in the housing deficit of families in a condition of economic vulnerability. This study focuses on carrying out an analysis of the implementation of the Social Interest Housing programs or projects built in the Rocafuerte de Manabí canton, in such a way that the implementation and location of this type of housing solutions is consistent with urban development. , mobility and the management model for which the city is designed, in addition to not generating other problems of social impact, development or mobility of the beneficiaries, being necessary an analysis of the situation of the locations in accordance with the socioeconomic activity and culture of the canton. Evidenced that the latest Social Interest Housing programs built have been executed directly by the Central Government, and their land occupation was resolved by the Municipal GAD, which within its ordinances establishes the requirements for Housing Projects of Social Interest, which have been fulfilled to satisfaction, projecting the complete development of the city, granting a high benefit to the residents of these housing programs. Keywords: Social interest housing, implementation, urban development, development plan, families in a condition of economic vulnerability. Los programas de Viviendas de Interés Social construidos en el Ecuador, tienen su origen en el déficit de viviendas de familias en condición de vulnerabilidad económica. Este estudio se enfoca en realizar un análisis de la implantación de los programas o proyectos de las Vivienda de Interés Social construidos en el cantón Rocafuerte de Manabí, de tal manera que la implementación y ubicación de este tipo de soluciones habitacionales guarde coherencia con el desarrollo urbanístico, la movilidad y del modelo de gestión para el cual está proyectada la ciudad, además que no generen otros problemas de impacto social, desarrollo o movilidad de los beneficiarios, siendo necesario un análisis de la situación de las ubicaciones en concordancia con las actividad socioeconómica y cultural del cantón. Evidenciado que los últimos programas de Vivienda de Interés Social, construidas han sido ejecutada de manera directa por el Gobierno Central, y su ocupación de suelo fue resuelto por el GAD Municipal, el cual dentro de sus ordenanzas se establecen los requisitos para los Proyectos de Vivienda de Interés Social, los cuales se han cumplido a satisfacción, proyectándose en completo desarrollo de la ciudad, otorgando un alto beneficio a los moradores de estos programas de vivienda. Palabras clave: Vivienda de interés social, implantación, desarrollo urbanístico, plan de desarrollo, familias en condición de vulnerabilidad económica. Abstract The Social Interest Housing programs built in Ecuador have their origin in the housing deficit of families in a condition of economic vulnerability. This study focuses on carrying out an analysis of the implementation of the Social Interest Housing programs or projects built in the Rocafuerte de Manabí canton, in such a way that the implementation and location of this type of housing solutions is consistent with urban development. , mobility and the management model for which the city is designed, in addition to not generating other problems of social impact, development or mobility of the beneficiaries, being necessary an analysis of the situation of the locations in accordance with the socioeconomic activity and culture of the canton. Evidenced that the latest Social Interest Housing programs built have been executed directly by the Central Government, and their land occupation was resolved by the Municipal GAD, which within its ordinances establishes the requirements for Housing Projects of Social Interest, which have been fulfilled to satisfaction, projecting the complete development of the city, granting a high benefit to the residents of these housing programs. Keywords: Social interest housing, implementation, urban development, development plan, families in a condition of economic vulnerability. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 22 de marzo de 2022.Fecha de aceptación: 18 de mayo de 2022.Fecha de publicación: 19 de mayo de 2022. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2022-05-19 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/78 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 5 No. 9 Ed. esp. (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial mayo 2022); 2-18 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 5 Núm. 9 Ed. esp. (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial mayo 2022); 2-18 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/78/110 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/78/111 Copyright (c) 2022 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/83 2022-06-15T05:40:49Z ingeniar:ART

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN A CONVENTIONAL CONCRETE AND THE USE OF METALLIC AND SYNTHETIC FIBERS Análisis comparativo entre un hormigón convencional y con el uso de fibras metálicas y sintéticas Intriago-Álava, Carlos Igor Ibarra-Mora, Fátima Gianella Macías-Sánchez, Lucía Ortiz–Hernández, Eduardo Delgado-Gutiérrez, Daniel Alfredo Resistencia a la compresión, hormigón, Fibras metálicas, fibras sintéticas, agregados Compression resistance, concrete, Metallic fibers, synthetic fibers, aggregates The present research work was carried out with the objective of determining the influence of metallic and synthetic fibers in a concrete design of 210kg/cm2 when compared with another conventional concrete design with the same dosages and aggregates, for its subsequent comparative analysis of resistance at the age of 7, 14 and 28 days of manufacture and curing, to perform the designs the aggregates were subjected to various types of tests such as: granulometry, specific gravity, unit weights of the materials, abrasion test, sulfate wear test and concrete compression test. The quantities of fine materials used to improve the grading of the materials were 20% Spark, 40% Homogenized Sand and 40% Beach Sand. It was demonstrated on the basis of the results obtained that the concrete with the addition of metallic and synthetic fibers has a higher compressive strength in the different days of curing compared to the conventional concrete, exceeding 16.70% at 28 days. Keywords: Compression resistance, concrete, Metallic fibers, synthetic fibers, aggregates. El presente trabajo investigativo se lo realizó con el objetivo de poder determinar la influencia de las fibras metálicas y sintéticas en un diseño de un hormigón de 210kg/cm2 al ser comparado con otro diseño de hormigón convencional con las mismas dosificaciones y agregados, para su posterior análisis comparativo de resistencia a las edad de 7,14 y 28 días de fabricación y curado, para realizar  diseños con agregados que fueron sometidos a diversos tipos de ensayos como son: granulometría, gravedad específica, pesos unitarios de los materiales, ensayo de abrasión, ensayo de desgaste a los sulfatos y el ensayo a la compresión del hormigón. Las cantidades de materiales finos que se utilizaron para mejorar la graduación de los materiales fueron la siguiente: 20% Chispa, 40% Arena Homogenizada y 40% Arena de Playa. Demostrándose en base a los resultados obtenidos que el hormigón con adición de fibras metálicas y sintéticas tiene una mayor resistencia a la compresión que en los diferentes días de curado en comparación con el hormigón convencional superando en un 16.70% a los 28 días. Palabras clave: Resistencia a la compresión, hormigón, Fibras metálicas, fibras sintéticas, agregados. Abstract The present research work was carried out with the objective of determining the influence of metallic and synthetic fibers in a concrete design of 210kg/cm2 when compared with another conventional concrete design with the same dosages and aggregates, for its subsequent comparative analysis of resistance at the age of 7, 14 and 28 days of manufacture and curing, to perform the designs the aggregates were subjected to various types of tests such as: granulometry, specific gravity, unit weights of the materials, abrasion test, sulfate wear test and concrete compression test. The quantities of fine materials used to improve the grading of the materials were 20% Spark, 40% Homogenized Sand and 40% Beach Sand. It was demonstrated on the basis of the results obtained that the concrete with the addition of metallic and synthetic fibers has a higher compressive strength in the different days of curing compared to the conventional concrete, exceeding 16.70% at 28 days. Keywords: Compression resistance, concrete, Metallic fibers, synthetic fibers, aggregates. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 04 de abril de 2022.Fecha de aceptación: 13 de junio de 2022.Fecha de publicación: 14 de junio de 2022. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2022-06-14 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/83 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 5 No. 9 Ed. esp. (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial junio 2022); 2-17 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 5 Núm. 9 Ed. esp. (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial junio 2022); 2-17 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/83/112 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/83/113 Copyright (c) 2022 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/84 2022-06-20T22:34:37Z ingeniar:ART

INTEGRATION OF A BIKEWAY IN THE INTERNAL MOBILITY OF THE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MANABI, PORTOVIEJO Integración de una ciclovía en la movilidad interna de la Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo Solórzano-Barreto, Sandro Stephano Villegas-Gorozabel, Edgar Agustín Delgado-Gutiérrez, Daniel Alfredo Macías-Sánchez, Lucia Katherine Ciclovía, bicicleta, movilidad sustentable, política de movilidad Bikeway, bicycle, sustainable mobility, mobility policy The Technical University of Manabi is a highly relevant higher education institution in the province of Manabi. The current road system of its main campus has been in operation for more than 30 years; during this time, the constant growth of the vehicle fleet has been evidenced along with the increase in students, professors, administrative personnel and external visitors. The objective of this research is to propose the integration of a bikeway on the university campus, to optimize the internal mobility of its academic community. The methodology considered the compilation of bibliographic information, field studies in situ in the facilities; dissemination of virtual surveys to a sample of 378 users, applied to students, professors and administrative personnel, through the Google Forms digital system; AutoCAD software was used simultaneously to propose the distribution of the cycling infrastructure and complementary suggestions, identifying two types of routes that will be developed in almost 2900 m of road. The bikeway proposal is focused on obtaining sustainable connectivity, providing efficiency, promoting safe environments and comfortable conditions for the academic community. The feasibility studies show that the university population of the Portoviejo Campus has a positive inclination towards the integration of a new transportation alternative, which constitutes a sustainable mobility policy as a pilot project in the UTM that can be replicated in other university institutions. Keywords: Bikeway, bicycle, sustainable mobility, mobility policy. La Universidad Técnica de Manabí es una institución de educación superior de gran relevancia en la provincia de Manabí. El actual sistema vial de su campus principal se ha mantenido en funcionamiento por más de 30 años; durante este tiempo se ha evidenciado el crecimiento constante del parque automotor a la par del aumento de estudiantes, docentes, personal administrativo y visitantes externos. El objetivo de la presente investigación es proponer la integración de una ciclovía en el campus universitario, para optimizar la movilidad interna de su comunidad académica. La metodología consideró la recopilación de información bibliográfica, visitas y estudios de campo in situ en las instalaciones; difusión de encuestas virtuales a una muestra de 378 usuarios, aplicada a estudiantes, docentes y personal administrativo, mediante el sistema digital de Google Formularios; se utilizó simultáneamente el software AutoCAD para proponer la distribución de la infraestructura ciclista y sugerencias complementarias, identificando dos tipos de rutas que se desarrollarán en casi 2900 m de vía. La propuesta de la ciclovía está enfocada en la obtención de una conectividad sostenible, aportando eficiencia, propiciando entornos seguros y condiciones de confort a la comunidad académica. Los estudios de factibilidad evidencian que la población universitaria del Campus Portoviejo tiene una inclinación positiva hacia la integración de una nueva alternativa de transporte, lo cual constituye una política de movilidad sustentable como un proyecto piloto en la UTM que puede ser replicado en otras instituciones universitarias. Palabras clave: Ciclovía, bicicleta, movilidad sustentable, política de movilidad. Abstract The Technical University of Manabi is a highly relevant higher education institution in the province of Manabi. The current road system of its main campus has been in operation for more than 30 years; during this time, the constant growth of the vehicle fleet has been evidenced along with the increase in students, professors, administrative personnel and external visitors. The objective of this research is to propose the integration of a bikeway on the university campus, to optimize the internal mobility of its academic community. The methodology considered the compilation of bibliographic information, field studies in situ in the facilities; dissemination of virtual surveys to a sample of 378 users, applied to students, professors and administrative personnel, through the Google Forms digital system; AutoCAD software was used simultaneously to propose the distribution of the cycling infrastructure and complementary suggestions, identifying two types of routes that will be developed in almost 2900 m of road. The bikeway proposal is focused on obtaining sustainable connectivity, providing efficiency, promoting safe environments and comfortable conditions for the academic community. The feasibility studies show that the university population of the Portoviejo Campus has a positive inclination towards the integration of a new transportation alternative, which constitutes a sustainable mobility policy as a pilot project in the UTM that can be replicated in other university institutions. Keywords: Bikeway, bicycle, sustainable mobility, mobility policy. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 04 de abril de 2022.Fecha de aceptación: 17 de junio de 2022.Fecha de publicación: 20 de junio de 2022. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2022-06-20 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/84 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 5 No. 9 Ed. esp. (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial junio 2022); 18-37 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 5 Núm. 9 Ed. esp. (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial junio 2022); 18-37 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/84/114 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/84/115 Copyright (c) 2022 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/85 2022-06-28T22:57:05Z ingeniar:ART

THE ENQUINCHE AS AN ALTERNATIVE COATING MATERIAL IN LOW-INCOME HOUSING El enquinche como material alternativo de revestimiento en viviendas de interés social Zambrano-Montesdeoca, Luis Ruiz-Párraga, Wilter Enquinche, interés social, revestimiento de paredes Enquinche, social interest, wall cladding The enquinche is one of the oldest construction systems and is still in force in several rural and urban regions of the province of Manabí. The system is based on prefabricated panels woven from Guadua rattan, covered or plastered with clay or similar materials. In this sense, the importance of improving the quality of life in rural communities has been reflected, which has become a clear objective, given that in general terms the quality of the products provided by the national plan is limited and cannot meet the needs of the population. Based on a survey aimed at developing a comprehensive approach to the use of enquinche as an alternative cladding material in the construction of low-income housing, this article first presents the housing approach implemented in the country. Then, it explains the definition of the conceptual framework and the recommendations of ancestral construction methods, and based on the analysis of the research results, transform them into design recommendations and improved regulations. Keywords: Enquinche, social interest, wall cladding. El enquinche es uno de los sistemas constructivos más antiguos en las viviendas y sigue vigente en varias regiones rurales y urbanas de la provincia de Manabí. El sistema se basa en paneles prefabricados tejidos de ratán Guadua, revestidos o revocados con barro o materiales similares. Se ha reflejado la importancia de mejorar la calidad de vida en las comunidades rurales, dado que en términos generales la calidad de los productos que brindan los planes habitacionales nacional es limitada y no puede satisfacer las necesidades de la población. Basado en un análisis destinado a desarrollar un enfoque integral de la utilización del enquinche como material alternativo de revestimiento en la construcción de viviendas de interés social. El objetivo de esta investigación consiste en determinar la viabilidad del enquinche como material alternativo de revestimiento y su utilización en proyectos de vivienda de interés social.  Para ello, esta investigación de enfoque mixto presenta, en primera instancia el plan habitacional implementado en el Ecuador y luego, explica la definición del marco conceptual y las recomendaciones de métodos ancestrales de construcción, con base en el análisis de los resultados de la investigación, transformarlos en recomendaciones de diseño y regulaciones mejoradas. A través de esta instigación se llegó a la conclusión de que el enquinche puede considerarse viable para su uso en revestimiento de viviendas de interés social en base a los estándares, regulaciones y costos de materiales sismorresistentes convencionales. Palabras clave: Enquinche, interés social, revestimiento de paredes. Abstract The enquinche is one of the oldest construction systems and is still in force in several rural and urban regions of the province of Manabí. The system is based on prefabricated panels woven from Guadua rattan, covered or plastered with clay or similar materials. In this sense, the importance of improving the quality of life in rural communities has been reflected, which has become a clear objective, given that in general terms the quality of the products provided by the national plan is limited and cannot meet the needs of the population. Based on a survey aimed at developing a comprehensive approach to the use of enquinche as an alternative cladding material in the construction of low-income housing, this article first presents the housing approach implemented in the country. Then, it explains the definition of the conceptual framework and the recommendations of ancestral construction methods, and based on the analysis of the research results, transform them into design recommendations and improved regulations. Keywords: Enquinche, social interest, wall cladding. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 04 de octubre de 2021.Fecha de aceptación: 09 de noviembre de 2021.Fecha de publicación: 08 de diciembre de 2021. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2021-12-08 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/85 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 4 No. 8 Ed. esp. (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial diciembre 2021); 132-147 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 4 Núm. 8 Ed. esp. (2021): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial diciembre 2021); 132-147 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/85/116 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/85/117 Copyright (c) 2021 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/87 2022-12-08T20:14:06Z ingeniar:ART

GEOMECHANICAL BEHAVIOR MODEL FOR THE DETERMINATION OF UNSTABLE ZONES WITHIN THE CITADEL BRIONES, PORTOVIEJO-MANABÍ, USING GEOTECHNICAL, GEOPHYSICAL METHODS AND INSAR DEFORMATION ANALYSIS Modelo de comportamiento geomecánico para la determinación de zonas inestables dentro de la ciudadela Briones, Portoviejo-Manabí, utilizando métodos geotécnicos, geofísicos y análisis de deformación INSAR Intriago-García, Gabriel Antonio Pacheco-Gil, Henrry Antonio Interferómetro, Insar, Amenazas, Zonificación, deslizamiento Interferometer, Insar, Hazards, Zonification, landslide After the earthquake of April 16, 2016, the Briones citadel was subjected to several processes of uplift and subsidence of the relief in geoforms that in previous times already suffered a series of landslides and activation of mass flows caused mainly by intense climatic factors and by erosion systems due to the removal of the original topsoil. Another factor that has a lot of influence to intensify the instability of slopes was the aggravation of the urban-agricultural border as well as the low efficiency of the structural works to contain mass movements in areas not suitable for it. To reduce this type of hazard in the citadel, this research aims to characterize the current geomechanical behavior of the subsoil and the topographic surface, by using 4 methods: application of the INSAR methodology to zoning the uplift-subsidence of the relief with using the SARPROZ software, analyze External Geodynamics processes using morphometric parameters, such as the Flow Accumulation Index-FACC, the Topographic Moisture Index-TWI and the factor of Length and Magnitude of the Slope-LS, with the SAGA software, the analysis of slope stability using SHALSTAB software, all this supported with Geotechnical information provided by GAD Portoviejo and its own file. The results indicate that in the Briones citadel, there are XX zones of maximum deformation of the relief that, correlated with the geotechnical investigations carried out by the Municipal GAD of Portoviejo, are unstable zones in which landslides can occur (rotational-translational-lateral expansion, subsidence deep gravitational forces, falling blocks and mass flows of various kinds. Keywords: Interferometer, Insar, Hazards, Zonification, landslide. Posteriormente al sismo del 16 de abril de 2016, la ciudadela Briones se vio sometida a varios procesos de levantamiento y subsidencia del relieve en geoformas que en épocas anteriores ya sufrieron una serie de deslizamientos y activación de flujos de masa provocados principalmente por factores climáticos intensos y por sistemas de erosión debido a la remoción de capa vegetal original. Otro factor que tiene mucha influencia para la intensificar la inestabilidad de laderas fue el agradamiento de la frontera urbana-agrícola como también la poca eficiencia de las obras estructurales de contención de movimientos en masa en zonas no adecuadas para ello. Para reducir este tipo de amenaza en la ciudadela, esta investigación tiene el objetivo de caracterizar el comportamiento geomecánico actual del subsuelo y de la superficie topográfica, mediante la utilización de 4 métodos: aplicación de la metodología INSAR para zonificar el levantamiento-subsidencia del relieve con el software SARPROZ, analizar procesos de Geodinámica Externa mediante parámetros morfométrico, como el Índice de Acumulación de Flujo-FACC, el Índice de Humedad Topográfica-TWI y el factor de Longitud y Magnitud de la Pendiente-LS, con el software SAGA, el análisis de la estabilidad de los taludes mediante el software SHALSTAB, todo esto apoyado con información Geotécnica proporcionada por el GAD Portoviejo y archivo propio. Los resultados indican que en la ciudadela Briones, existen XX zonas de deformación máxima del relieve que, correlacionados con las investigaciones geotécnicas elaboradas por el GAD Municipal de Portoviejo, son zonas inestables en las que puede ocurrir deslizamientos (rotacionales-traslacionales-expansión lateral, hundimientos gravitacionales profundos, caída de bloques y flujos de masa de diverso tipo. Palabras clave: Interferómetro, Insar, Amenazas, Zonificación, deslizamiento. Abstract After the earthquake of April 16, 2016, the Briones citadel was subjected to several processes of uplift and subsidence of the relief in geoforms that in previous times already suffered a series of landslides and activation of mass flows caused mainly by intense climatic factors and by erosion systems due to the removal of the original topsoil. Another factor that has a lot of influence to intensify the instability of slopes was the aggravation of the urban-agricultural border as well as the low efficiency of the structural works to contain mass movements in areas not suitable for it. To reduce this type of hazard in the citadel, this research aims to characterize the current geomechanical behavior of the subsoil and the topographic surface, by using 4 methods: application of the INSAR methodology to zoning the uplift-subsidence of the relief with using the SARPROZ software, analyze External Geodynamics processes using morphometric parameters, such as the Flow Accumulation Index-FACC, the Topographic Moisture Index-TWI and the factor of Length and Magnitude of the Slope-LS, with the SAGA software, the analysis of slope stability using SHALSTAB software, all this supported with Geotechnical information provided by GAD Portoviejo and its own file. The results indicate that in the Briones citadel, there are XX zones of maximum deformation of the relief that, correlated with the geotechnical investigations carried out by the Municipal GAD of Portoviejo, are unstable zones in which landslides can occur (rotational-translational-lateral expansion, subsidence deep gravitational forces, falling blocks and mass flows of various kinds. Keywords: Interferometer, Insar, Hazards, Zonification, landslide. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 11 de enero de 2022.Fecha de aceptación: 04 de marzo de 2022.Fecha de publicación: 11 de julio de 2022. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2022-07-11 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/87 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 5 No. 10 (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 2-21 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 5 Núm. 10 (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 2-21 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/87/118 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/87/119 Copyright (c) 2022 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/88 2022-08-16T19:27:44Z ingeniar:ART

STABILIZATION OF A ROAD SUBGRADE SOIL WITH THE CONSOLID SYSTEM Estabilización de un suelo de subrasante de carretera con el sistema Consolid Jácome-Macías, Gema Alexandra Ortiz-Hernández, Eduardo Humberto Estabilización de suelo, Subrasante, Sistema Consolid, Capacidad de resistente, Esponjamiento Soil stabilization, Subgrade, Consolid System, Resistant capacity, Swelling A soil stabilization was carried out for a subgrade with the Consolid system, proceeding to carry out a pit in the sector of the Colón parish, province of Manabí, where unaltered samples were extracted to develop the pertinent tests based on the regulations of the tests of soil mechanics laboratory such as AASHTO -T.88_ ASTM D 422, AASHTO-T.89_ASTM D4318, AASHTO T-180 _ ASTM D-1557, AASHTO T-193_ ASTM D-1883. These data obtained established a CBR value for the natural soil of 2.12% and with a swelling of 8.36%. To later elaborate 9 cylinders of which additives were added in their different percentages, the additive Consolid 444 (CD444) with a percentage of 0.032% of the weight of the soil and the additive Solidry with a percentage of 1.5% of the weight of the soil, these Values were established by the Additive Technical Specifications Manual. The first cylinders were added the percentages and submerged directly as indicated by the AASHTO T-193_ ASTM D-1883 standard, once the compaction is done, it must be submerged for 72 hours and then subjected to the bearing capacity test (CBR ) giving us an approximate value of 8.3% and an overrun of 2.08%. The CBR molds had a dry curing time of 72 hours, obtaining 20% CBR, the last cylinders were subjected to the worst conditions, they were subjected to dry curing time for 72 hours and proceeded to be placed in immersion. for 72 hours, later the cylinders were tested giving us a 12.4% CBR with a swelling of 1.15%. Keywords: Soil stabilization, Subgrade, Consolid System, Resistant capacity, Swelling. Se efectuó una estabilización de suelo para una subrasante con el sistema Consolid, procediendo a realizar una calicata en el sector de la parroquia Colón, provincia de Manabí, en donde se extrajo muestras inalteradas para desarrollar los ensayos pertinentes basándose en las normativas de los ensayos de laboratorio de mecánica de suelos como son la AASHTO -T.88_ ASTM D 422, AASHTO-T.89_ASTM D4318, AASHTO T-180 _ ASTM D-1557, AASHTO T-193_ ASTM D-1883. Estos datos obtenidos establecieron un valor de CBR para el suelo natural de 2.12% y con un esponjamiento de 8.36%. Para posteriormente elaborar 9 cilindros de los cuales se les añadió aditivos en sus diferentes porcentajes, el aditivo Consolid 444 (CD444) con un porcentaje de 0.032% del peso del suelo y el aditivo Solidry con un porcentaje del 1.5% del peso del suelo, estos valores fueron establecidos por el Manual de especificaciones técnicas del aditivo. Los primeros cilindros se les añadió los porcentajes y se lo sumergió de manera directa como lo indica la norma AASHTO T-193_ ASTM D-1883, una vez realizada la compactación deberá ser sumergido por 72 horas y luego sometido al ensayo de capacidad portante (CBR) dándonos un valor aproximado de 8.3% y un esponjamiento de 2.08%. Los moldes de CBR tuvieron un tiempo de curado en seco de 72 horas, obteniendo un 20% de CBR, los últimos cilindros fueron sometidos a las peores condiciones, se sometió a tiempo de curado en seco por 72 horas y se procedió a colocarlo en inmersión por 72 horas, posteriormente se ensayaron los cilindros dándonos un 12.4% de CBR con un esponjamiento de 1.15%. Palabras clave: Estabilización de suelo, Subrasante, Sistema Consolid, Capacidad de resistente, Esponjamiento. Abstract A soil stabilization was carried out for a subgrade with the Consolid system, proceeding to carry out a pit in the sector of the Colón parish, province of Manabí, where unaltered samples were extracted to develop the pertinent tests based on the regulations of the tests of soil mechanics laboratory such as AASHTO -T.88_ ASTM D 422, AASHTO-T.89_ASTM D4318, AASHTO T-180 _ ASTM D-1557, AASHTO T-193_ ASTM D-1883. These data obtained established a CBR value for the natural soil of 2.12% and with a swelling of 8.36%. To later elaborate 9 cylinders of which additives were added in their different percentages, the additive Consolid 444 (CD444) with a percentage of 0.032% of the weight of the soil and the additive Solidry with a percentage of 1.5% of the weight of the soil, these Values were established by the Additive Technical Specifications Manual. The first cylinders were added the percentages and submerged directly as indicated by the AASHTO T-193_ ASTM D-1883 standard, once the compaction is done, it must be submerged for 72 hours and then subjected to the bearing capacity test (CBR ) giving us an approximate value of 8.3% and an overrun of 2.08%. The CBR molds had a dry curing time of 72 hours, obtaining 20% CBR, the last cylinders were subjected to the worst conditions, they were subjected to dry curing time for 72 hours and proceeded to be placed in immersion. for 72 hours, later the cylinders were tested giving us a 12.4% CBR with a swelling of 1.15%. Keywords: Soil stabilization, Subgrade, Consolid System, Resistant capacity, Swelling. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 06 de junio de 2022.Fecha de aceptación: 10 de agosto de 2022.Fecha de publicación: 11 de agosto de 2022. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2022-08-11 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/88 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 5 No. 10 Ed. esp. (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial agosto 2022); 2-13 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 5 Núm. 10 Ed. esp. (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial agosto 2022); 2-13 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/88/120 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/88/121 Copyright (c) 2022 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/89 2022-08-25T19:27:28Z ingeniar:ART

PROCEDURE FOR THE PROBABILISTIC ANALYSIS OF FLOODING ON HIGHWAYS CAUSED BY RAINFALL Procedimiento para el análisis probabilístico de inundaciones en carreteras ocasionadas por precipitaciones Castro-Carranza, Julio César Espinoza-Correa, Jesús Enrique Inundaciones, precipitaciones, análisis probabilístico Floods, precipitations, probabilistic analysis The main objective of this article is to establish a procedure to determine the probability of flooding on highways through the analysis of the area of ​​interest with hydrological and hydraulic models for the specification of critical areas with insufficient drainage; For this, a theoretical framework was prepared regarding applied studies through bibliographic data consultation for the establishment of a comparison of related research carried out in other latitudes; In addition, a hydrological analysis was carried out on the micro-basins that contribute flow in the area of ​​influence of the Rocafuerte-Charapotó highway, Bebedero Sector through ArcGIS (Jack and Laura Dangermond, ESRI) and EXCEL software. Then, a Hydraulic analysis of the existing drainage structures was carried out, through which the flow was quantified; verifying if the existing drainages in the road supply the evacuation of the flow in an adequate time. Finally, a statistical study was carried out to calculate the probability of flooding that exists in the area of ​​interest using as base data the maximum flood flows versus the maximum flows that the drainage structures that currently exist on the road can manage. The realization of this study allowed to obtain an analysis of probability of occurrence for a certain return period and through specific design avenues to obtain the probability of flooding of a certain study area and determination of its critical flood zones to be able through a correct hydraulic analysis evacuate the water and that the road is not flooded. Keywords: Floods, precipitations, probabilistic analysis. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo principal establecer un procedimiento para determinar la probabilidad de inundación en carreteras mediante el análisis de la zona de interés con modelos hidrológicos e hidráulicos para la especificación de zonas críticas con drenaje insuficiente; para ello se preparó un marco teórico referente a estudios aplicados a través de consulta de datos bibliográficos para el establecimiento de una comparación de investigaciones afines realizadas en otras latitudes; además, se efectuó un análisis hidrológico a las microcuencas aportantes de caudal en la zona de influencia a la carretera Rocafuerte-Charapotó, Sector Bebedero a través de los softwares ArcGIS (Jack y Laura Dangermond, ESRI ) y EXCEL. Luego, se realizó un análisis Hidráulico de las estructuras de drenaje existentes, mediante el cual se cuantificó el caudal; verificando si los drenajes existentes en la vía abastecen la evacuación del caudal en un tiempo adecuado. Finalmente se realizó un estudio estadístico para calcular la probabilidad de inundación que existe en la zona de interés utilizando como datos base los caudales de máxima crecida versus los caudales máximos que pueden administrar las estructuras de drenaje que actualmente existen en la vía. La realización de este estudio permitió obtener un análisis de probabilidad de ocurrencia para un periodo de retorno determinado y mediante avenidas de diseño específicas obtener la probabilidad de inundación de cierta área de estudio y determinación de sus zonas críticas de inundación para poder a través de un correcto análisis hidráulico evacuar las aguas y que la vía no se vea anegada. Palabras clave: Inundaciones, precipitaciones, análisis probabilístico. Abstract The main objective of this article is to establish a procedure to determine the probability of flooding on highways through the analysis of the area of ​​interest with hydrological and hydraulic models for the specification of critical areas with insufficient drainage; For this, a theoretical framework was prepared regarding applied studies through bibliographic data consultation for the establishment of a comparison of related research carried out in other latitudes; In addition, a hydrological analysis was carried out on the micro-basins that contribute flow in the area of ​​influence of the Rocafuerte-Charapotó highway, Bebedero Sector through ArcGIS (Jack and Laura Dangermond, ESRI) and EXCEL software. Then, a Hydraulic analysis of the existing drainage structures was carried out, through which the flow was quantified; verifying if the existing drainages in the road supply the evacuation of the flow in an adequate time. Finally, a statistical study was carried out to calculate the probability of flooding that exists in the area of ​​interest using as base data the maximum flood flows versus the maximum flows that the drainage structures that currently exist on the road can manage. The realization of this study allowed to obtain an analysis of probability of occurrence for a certain return period and through specific design avenues to obtain the probability of flooding of a certain study area and determination of its critical flood zones to be able through a correct hydraulic analysis evacuate the water and that the road is not flooded. Keywords: Floods, precipitations, probabilistic analysis. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 06 de junio de 2022.Fecha de aceptación: 10 de agosto de 2022.Fecha de publicación: 11 de agosto de 2022. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2022-08-11 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/89 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 5 No. 10 Ed. esp. (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial agosto 2022); 14-28 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 5 Núm. 10 Ed. esp. (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial agosto 2022); 14-28 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/89/122 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/89/123 Copyright (c) 2022 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/90 2022-12-08T20:14:06Z ingeniar:ART

INFLUENCE OF TRADITIONAL SAUSAGE PROCESSING ON THE FORMATION OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS Influencia del procesamiento tradicional de embutidos en la formación de hidrocarburos aromáticos Intriago-Alcívar, Lorena Suárez-Reyes, Ámbar Zambrano-Garzón, Ignacio Benzo[a]pireno, hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos, cocción, ahumado, fritura Benzo[a]pyrene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, cooking, smoking, frying In the present study, the influence of processing factors that affect the concentration of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in longaniza, a traditional sausage from Ecuador, was evaluated. The samples were subjected to different cooking methods (boiled, fried, smoked) and then analyzed by HPLC-DAD. BaP concentrations were found in all samples; the smoking method produced a higher BaP concentration of 88.30 μg/kg, followed by the fried method with 48.25 μg/kg. The boiling method presented a decrease in BaP concentrations, obtaining a value of 23.04 μg/kg at the end of the process, taking as the initial value the BaP concentration of the raw sample of 26.25 μg/kg. Physicochemical parameters were evaluated during the different cooking processes, the pH showed a correlation with the increase of BaP in the frying and smoking processes with an r2 equal to 0.87 and 0.94, respectively. Contrarily, the fat content during boiling decreases simultaneously along with the BaP concentration finding a negative correlation, in the frying method the BaP content is increased according to the fat content, contrary in the case of the smoking method, the baP concentration is increased to lower fat content. Both pH and fat content are factors that influence the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sausages, however, the final concentration of BaP also bank on the cooking method used, and the sausage’s ingredients.  Keywords: Benzo[a]pyrene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, cooking, smoking, frying.   En el presente estudio se evaluó la influencia de los factores de procesamiento que afectan la concentración de benzo[a]pireno (BaP) en la longaniza, un embutido tradicional del Ecuador. Las muestras fueron sometidas a diferentes métodos de cocción (hervido, frito, ahumado) y posteriormente analizadas mediante HPLC-DAD. Se encontraron concentraciones de BaP en todas las muestras; el método de ahumado produjo una mayor concentración de BaP de 88.30 μg/kg, seguido del método frito con 48.25 μg/kg. El método de hervido presentó una disminución de las concentraciones de BaP obteniéndose al finalizar el proceso un valor de 23.04 μg/kg, tomando como valor inicial la concentración de BaP en la muestra cruda de 26.25 μg/kg. Se evaluaron parámetros fisicoquímicos durante los diferentes procesos de cocción, el pH mostró una correlación con el aumento de BaP en los procesos de fritura y ahumado con un r2 igual a 0.87 y 0.94, respectivamente. Por otro lado, el contenido de grasa durante el hervido disminuye simultáneamente junto con la concentración de BaP, encontrándose una correlación negativa, en el método de fritura el contenido de BaP se incrementa conforme al contenido de grasa, por el contrario, en el caso del método de ahumado, la concentración de BaP se incrementa a menor contenido de grasa. Tanto el pH como el contenido de grasa influyen en la formación de hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos en los embutidos, sin embargo, la concentración final de BaP depende también método de cocción empleado, y de los ingredientes de la preparación del embutido. Palabras clave: Benzo[a]pireno, hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos, cocción, ahumado, fritura. Abstract In the present study, the influence of processing factors that affect the concentration of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in longaniza, a traditional sausage from Ecuador, was evaluated. The samples were subjected to different cooking methods (boiled, fried, smoked) and then analyzed by HPLC-DAD. BaP concentrations were found in all samples; the smoking method produced a higher BaP concentration of 88.30 μg/kg, followed by the fried method with 48.25 μg/kg. The boiling method presented a decrease in BaP concentrations, obtaining a value of 23.04 μg/kg at the end of the process, taking as the initial value the BaP concentration of the raw sample of 26.25 μg/kg. Physicochemical parameters were evaluated during the different cooking processes, the pH showed a correlation with the increase of BaP in the frying and smoking processes with an r2 equal to 0.87 and 0.94, respectively. Contrarily, the fat content during boiling decreases simultaneously along with the BaP concentration finding a negative correlation, in the frying method the BaP content is increased according to the fat content, contrary in the case of the smoking method, the baP concentration is increased to lower fat content. Both pH and fat content are factors that influence the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sausages, however, the final concentration of BaP also bank on the cooking method used, and the sausage’s ingredients.  Keywords: Benzo[a]pyrene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, cooking, smoking, frying. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 02 de septiembre de 2021. Fecha de aceptación: 16 de octubre de 2021.Fecha de publicación: 11 de julio de 2022. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2022-07-11 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/90 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 5 No. 10 (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 22-46 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 5 Núm. 10 (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 22-46 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/90/124 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/90/125 Copyright (c) 2022 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/91 2022-12-08T20:14:06Z ingeniar:ART

EPOXIDATION OF BIODIESEL OBTAINED FROM JATROPHA CURCAS L SEED OIL, FROM THE PROVINCE OF MANABÍ - ECUADOR Epoxidación de biodiesel obtenido a partir del aceite de la semilla Jatropha Curcas L, de la provincia de Manabí – Ecuador López-Zambrano, Lisbeth Zambrano-Moreira, Genessis García-Muentes, Segundo Burgos-Briones, Gabriel García-Vinces, Gonzalo Aceite de piñón, biodiesel, epoxidación, grasa lubricante Pinion oil, biodiesel, epoxidation, lubricating grease This research focused on making lubricating grease from the epoxidation of biodiesel obtained from the Jatropha Curcas L plant. Oil previously produced from pine nut seeds was used as raw material; Consequently, consecutive esterification, transesterification and epoxidation experiments were carried out on the fatty methyl esters of the vegetable oil. Regarding the characterization, tests were carried out in triplicate following standardized ASTM norms. In addition, the physicochemical properties of the products obtained as oil, biodiesel and lubricant were analyzed. The overall yield of the process was 71.57%. Regarding the quality parameters, ideal values were found for the oil such as iodine, viscosity, humidity, among other properties that complied with the regulations. After the transesterification process, physicochemical tests were carried out on the biodiesel, complying with the regulations required according to the ASTM 6751 specification. However, the humidity of the biodiesel 0.052% was slightly higher than the regulations; it is estimated that due to washing conditions. The acidity was also very close to the maximum allowed by the norm; so it is inferred that there were H2SO4 remains in the process. For its part, for the categorization of the epoxidized product, API grades and ISO standards were used for the classification of the lubricant. The final density of the lubricant 947.064 Kg/m3 allowed it to be classified as a heavy type lubricant according to the relationship with API gravity. Subsequently, the kinematic viscosity measured at 40 °C of 63,381 mm2/s allowed it to be categorized as ISO VG 68, which is commercially known as a hydraulic wear lubricant. Keywords: Pinion oil, biodiesel, epoxidation, lubricating grease. La presente investigación se centró en elaborar grasa lubricante a partir de la epoxidación del biodiesel obtenido de la planta Jatropha Curcas L. Como materia prima se utilizó aceite previamente producido de las semillas de piñón; consiguientemente, se realizaron experimentos consecutivos de esterificación, transesterificación y epoxidación a los esteres metílicos grasos del aceite vegetal. En cuanto a la caracterización, se realizaron pruebas por triplicado siguiendo normas estandarizadas ASTM. Además, se analizaron las propiedades físico-químicas de los productos obtenidos como aceite, biodiesel y lubricante. El rendimiento global del proceso fue 71.57 %. Respecto a los parámetros de calidad, se evidenciaron valores idóneos para el aceite como índice de yodo, viscosidad, humedad, entre otras propiedades que cumplieron con la normativa. Posteriormente al proceso de transesterificación, se realizaron pruebas físico-químicas al biodiesel cumpliendo con las normativas requeridas según la especificación ASTM 6751. No obstante, la humedad del biodiesel, 0.052%, resultó ligeramente mayor a la normativa; se estima que por condiciones del lavado. La acidez también resultó muy cercana al máximo permitido por lo norma; por lo que se infiere que existieron restos de H2SO4 en el proceso. Por su parte, para la categorización del producto epoxidado se utilizaron los grados API y las normas ISO. La densidad final del lubricante, 947.064 Kg/m3, permitió clasificarlo como lubricante de tipo pesado de acuerdo a la relación con la gravedad API. Seguidamente, la viscosidad cinemática medida a 40°C de 63.381 mm2/s permitió categorizarlo como ISO VG 68, que es conocido comercialmente como lubricante hidráulico de desgaste. Palabras clave: Aceite de piñón, biodiesel, epoxidación, grasa lubricante. Abstract This research focused on making lubricating grease from the epoxidation of biodiesel obtained from the Jatropha Curcas L plant. Oil previously produced from pine nut seeds was used as raw material; Consequently, consecutive esterification, transesterification and epoxidation experiments were carried out on the fatty methyl esters of the vegetable oil. Regarding the characterization, tests were carried out in triplicate following standardized ASTM norms. In addition, the physicochemical properties of the products obtained as oil, biodiesel and lubricant were analyzed. The overall yield of the process was 71.57%. Regarding the quality parameters, ideal values were found for the oil such as iodine, viscosity, humidity, among other properties that complied with the regulations. After the transesterification process, physicochemical tests were carried out on the biodiesel, complying with the regulations required according to the ASTM 6751 specification. However, the humidity of the biodiesel 0.052% was slightly higher than the regulations; it is estimated that due to washing conditions. The acidity was also very close to the maximum allowed by the norm; so it is inferred that there were H2SO4 remains in the process. For its part, for the categorization of the epoxidized product, API grades and ISO standards were used for the classification of the lubricant. The final density of the lubricant 947.064 Kg/m3 allowed it to be classified as a heavy type lubricant according to the relationship with API gravity. Subsequently, the kinematic viscosity measured at 40 °C of 63,381 mm2/s allowed it to be categorized as ISO VG 68, which is commercially known as a hydraulic wear lubricant. Keywords: Pinion oil, biodiesel, epoxidation, lubricating grease. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 04 de octubre de 2021. Fecha de aceptación: 05 de noviembre de 2021.Fecha de publicación: 11 de julio de 2022. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2022-07-11 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/91 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 5 No. 10 (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 47-63 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 5 Núm. 10 (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 47-63 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/91/126 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/91/127 Copyright (c) 2022 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/92 2022-12-08T20:14:06Z ingeniar:ART

BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM ANIMAL FAT GENERATED IN THE COOKING PROCESS OF ROASTED CHICKEN Producción de biodiesel a partir de grasa animal generada en el proceso de cocción de pollo asado García-Bowen, Ariana Alarcón-Cedeño, Jesús García-Muentes, Segundo Cevallos-Cedeño, Ramón García-Vinces, Gonzalo Sanchez-Plaza, Francisco Transesterificación, ácidos grasos, biocarburantes Transesterification, fatty acids, biofuels The employment of animal fats in obtaining biodiesel is something that is becoming increasingly common in the biofuel industry. Biodiesel as an alternative to diesel turns out to be a much more environmentally friendly option and above all, it considerably reduces the cost of raw materials. The objective of this article is to obtain biodiesel from animal fat produced by cooking roast chicken in local grills. The sample was subjected to a pre-treatment, characterization, transesterification process and subsequent physical-chemical analysis of the biodiesel obtained. A biodiesel was obtained that met the parameters established according to the ASTM 6751 standard, with an average of 0.4 and 0.5 for the acid number, 869 and 861 in density, 4 and 5 in viscosity, 0.03 and 0.04 in humidity. The optimum temperature was 60 ºC with a time of 60 minutes. Concluding with this that chicken fat can be used in an alternative way for the optimal production of biofuel and that in turn this can be tested in the future in combustion engines. Keywords: Transesterification, fatty acids, biofuels. El aprovechamiento de grasas animales en la obtención de biodiesel es algo que se está volviendo cada vez más común en la industria de los biocarburantes. El biodiesel como una alternativa al diésel resulta ser una opción mucho más amigable con el medio ambiente y sobre todo reduce considerablemente el coste de materia prima. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo producir biodiesel a partir de grasa animal producto de la cocción de pollo asado en asaderos locales. La muestra fue sometida a un pre-tratamiento, caracterización, proceso de transesterificación y posterior análisis físico-químico del biodiesel obtenido. Se obtuvo un biodiesel que cumple con los parámetros establecidos según la norma ASTM 6751, con una media de 0.4 y 0.5 para el índice de acidez, 869 y 861 en densidad, 4 y 5 en viscosidad, 0.03 y 0.04 en humedad. La temperatura óptima fue 60 ºC con un tiempo de 60 minutos. Concluyendo con esto que la grasa de pollo puede ser utilizada de manera alternativa para la producción óptima de biocombustible y que a su vez éste puede ser probado en un futuro en motores de combustión. Palabras clave: Transesterificación, ácidos grasos, biocarburantes. Abstract The employment of animal fats in obtaining biodiesel is something that is becoming increasingly common in the biofuel industry. Biodiesel as an alternative to diesel turns out to be a much more environmentally friendly option and above all, it considerably reduces the cost of raw materials. The objective of this article is to obtain biodiesel from animal fat produced by cooking roast chicken in local grills. The sample was subjected to a pre-treatment, characterization, transesterification process and subsequent physical-chemical analysis of the biodiesel obtained. A biodiesel was obtained that met the parameters established according to the ASTM 6751 standard, with an average of 0.4 and 0.5 for the acid number, 869 and 861 in density, 4 and 5 in viscosity, 0.03 and 0.04 in humidity. The optimum temperature was 60 ºC with a time of 60 minutes. Concluding with this that chicken fat can be used in an alternative way for the optimal production of biofuel and that in turn this can be tested in the future in combustion engines. Keywords: Transesterification, fatty acids, biofuels. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 23 de septiembre de 2021. Fecha de aceptación: 08 de noviembre de 2021.Fecha de publicación: 11 de julio de 2022. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2022-07-11 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/92 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 5 No. 10 (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 64-80 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 5 Núm. 10 (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 64-80 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/92/128 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/92/129 Copyright (c) 2022 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/93 2022-12-08T20:14:06Z ingeniar:ART

ACETIC FERMENTATION KINETICS USING ACETOBACTER ACETI AS A BIOLOGICAL AGENT Cinética de fermentación acética utilizando Acetobacter Aceti como agente biológico Córdova-García, Melissa Jamilet Solórzano-Cevallos, ennifer Monserrate Moreira-Mendoza, Carlos Antonio Latorre-Castro, Gisela Beatriz Cinética, biomasa, acético, alcohólico, rendimiento Kinetics, biomass, acetic, alcoholic, yield The main objective of this research work is to determine the kinetics of acetic fermentation using Acetobacter Aceti as a biological agent for the production of apple cider vinegar. Approximately (10 kg) apple was used which added water at (80 and 90%) of the weight of the fruit. Obtaining a yield of (5.96%) for biomass in acetic fermentation and (60.85%) for the production principal of acetic acid, which is considered good since it favors the production of acetic acid and not the formation of biomass, differing in the case of alcoholic fermentation by only (0.3%) and in the case of acetic fermentation by (2.4%) with respect to inputs and outputs. With these results obtained, it could be determined that the process was efficient due to the high percentage achieved for the production of acetic acid, a product of interest in this study. In the methodology, the research to be carried out will be exploratory, this is because the scientific knowledge, criteria and interest in studies of the kinetics of the acetic and experimental fermentation process will be investigated since the fermentation kinetics will be obtained. Acetic acid from the apple, using as biological agents the yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae and Acetobacter Aceti, and in addition to this complement with a statistical method that allows collecting, elaborating and interpreting numerical data. Keywords: Kinetics, biomass, acetic, alcoholic, yield. El objetivo principal del presente trabajo de investigación es determinar la cinética a través de la fermentación acética utilizando Acetobacter Aceti como agente biológico para la producción de vinagre de sidra de manzana. Se utilizaron aproximadamente (10 kg) de manzana a la que se añadió agua al (80 y 90%) del peso de la fruta. Obteniendo un rendimiento de (5.96%) para la biomasa en fermentación acética y (60.85%) en la producción principal de ácido acético, la cual se considera adecuada, ya que favorece al rendimiento del ácido acético y no precisamente a la elaboración de la biomasa, diferenciándose en este caso de la fermentación alcohólica en solo 0.3% y en el caso de la fermentación acética en 2,4% con respecto a las entradas y salidas, respectivamente. Con los resultados que se obtuvieron, se determinó que el proceso fue eficiente debido al alto porcentaje alcanzado para la producción de ácido acético, producto de interés en este estudio. En la metodología se empleó un tipo de investigación exploratoria, debido a que se indagaron los conocimientos científicos, criterios e intereses de estudios de la cinética del proceso de fermentación acética y experimental ya que se obtendrá la cinética de fermentación acética a partir de la manzana, utilizando como agentes biológicos la levadura Saccharomyces Cerevisiae y Acetobacter Aceti, y además de esto complementar con un método estadístico que permitió recopilar, elaborar e interpretar datos numéricos. Palabras clave: Cinética, biomasa, acético, alcohólico, rendimiento. Abstract The main objective of this research work is to determine the kinetics of acetic fermentation using Acetobacter Aceti as a biological agent for the production of apple cider vinegar. Approximately (10 kg) apple was used which added water at (80 and 90%) of the weight of the fruit. Obtaining a yield of (5.96%) for biomass in acetic fermentation and (60.85%) for the production principal of acetic acid, which is considered good since it favors the production of acetic acid and not the formation of biomass, differing in the case of alcoholic fermentation by only (0.3%) and in the case of acetic fermentation by (2.4%) with respect to inputs and outputs. With these results obtained, it could be determined that the process was efficient due to the high percentage achieved for the production of acetic acid, a product of interest in this study. In the methodology, the research to be carried out will be exploratory, this is because the scientific knowledge, criteria and interest in studies of the kinetics of the acetic and experimental fermentation process will be investigated since the fermentation kinetics will be obtained. Acetic acid from the apple, using as biological agents the yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae and Acetobacter Aceti, and in addition to this complement with a statistical method that allows collecting, elaborating and interpreting numerical data. Keywords: Kinetics, biomass, acetic, alcoholic, yield. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 24 de noviembre de 2021. Fecha de aceptación: 30 de diciembre de 2021.Fecha de publicación: 11 de julio de 2022. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2022-07-11 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/93 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 5 No. 10 (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 81-94 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 5 Núm. 10 (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 81-94 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/93/130 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/93/131 Copyright (c) 2022 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/94 2022-12-08T20:14:06Z ingeniar:ART

DESIGN OF AN INDUSTRIAL SCALE BAR SOAP PRODUCTION LINE Diseño de una línea de producción de jabón en forma de pastillas a escala industrial Rivera-Mero, Lidia Raquel Sánchez-Plaza, Francisco Alfredo Efectividad, jabones, sanitización Effectiveness, soaps, sanitation The objective of the research was to design an in-plant production line for the development of a soap in bar form on an industrial scale. The research was carried out at the RRFARMA laboratory premises. The acceptance of the best formulation was determined through the application of validation tests where the parameters performance, fragrance, color, similarity, satisfaction of use and purchase intention were evaluated. Compliance with quality requirements was determined through sanitization tests on Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Salmonella. A production line was developed taking into account the waste generated in soap production. Validation tests showed that the sample meets the acceptance parameters, which in turn is associated with a purchase intention. The physicochemical results showed a pH of 5.8 and a solubility time of 15 minutes. The results of the performance of the bar-type soap through sanitization tests showed an effectiveness of 99.99%. In the establishment of the production line, a cost per unit of 8.5 grams equivalent to $0.9484 was obtained, which considers the expenses generated by the costs of materials and inputs, people involved in the work, indirect material and production costs. Keywords: Effectiveness, soaps, sanitation. La investigación tuvo como objetivo el diseño de una línea de producción en planta para el desarrollo de un jabón en forma de pastilla a escala industrial. La investigación se desarrolló en los predios del laboratorio RRFARMA. Se determinó la aceptación de la mejor formulación mediante la aplicación de pruebas de validación en donde se evaluaron los parámetros desempeño, fragancia, color, similitud, satisfacción del uso e intención de compra. Se determinó el cumplimiento de los requisitos de calidad por medio de pruebas de sanitización sobre Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli y Salmonella. Se desarrolló una línea de producción considerando los egresos generados en la producción del jabón. Las pruebas de validación demostraron que la muestra cumple con los parámetros de aceptación, lo que a su vez se asocia con una intención de compra. Los resultados fisicoquímicos dieron como resultados un pH de 5.8 y un tiempo de solubilidad de 15 minutos. Los resultados del desempeño del jabón tipo pastilla por medio de las pruebas de sanitización mostraron una efectividad del 99.99%. En el establecimiento de la línea de producción se obtuvo un costo por cada unidad de 8.5 gramos equivalente a $0.9484, en la que se consideran los gastos generados por los costos de materiales e insumos, las personas que intervienen en el trabajo, material indirecto y los gastos de producción. Palabras clave: Efectividad, jabones, sanitización. Abstract The objective of the research was to design an in-plant production line for the development of a soap in bar form on an industrial scale. The research was carried out at the RRFARMA laboratory premises. The acceptance of the best formulation was determined through the application of validation tests where the parameters performance, fragrance, color, similarity, satisfaction of use and purchase intention were evaluated. Compliance with quality requirements was determined through sanitization tests on Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Salmonella. A production line was developed taking into account the waste generated in soap production. Validation tests showed that the sample meets the acceptance parameters, which in turn is associated with a purchase intention. The physicochemical results showed a pH of 5.8 and a solubility time of 15 minutes. The results of the performance of the bar-type soap through sanitization tests showed an effectiveness of 99.99%. In the establishment of the production line, a cost per unit of 8.5 grams equivalent to $0.9484 was obtained, which considers the expenses generated by the costs of materials and inputs, people involved in the work, indirect material and production costs. Keywords: Effectiveness, soaps, sanitation. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 29 de octubre de 2021. Fecha de aceptación: 08 de diciembre de 2021.Fecha de publicación: 11 de julio de 2022. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2022-07-11 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/94 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 5 No. 10 (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 95-105 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 5 Núm. 10 (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 95-105 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/94/132 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/94/133 Copyright (c) 2022 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/95 2022-10-14T23:59:14Z ingeniar:ART

SUGAR CANE BAGASSE ASH TO IMPROVE CONCRETE RESISTIVITY AND STRENGTH Ceniza del bagazo de caña de azúcar para mejorar la resistividad y resistencia del hormigón Quito-Solórzano, Laura Michaelle Macías-Salazar, Karen Estefanía Guerra-Mera, Juan Carlos Resistividad, Resistencia, Bagazo, Puzolana, Diseño Resistivity, Resistance, Bagasse, Pozzolana, Design This research presents the evaluation based on the resistivity and resistance in a conventional concrete of 210 kg/cm², using the ash resulting from the calcination of sugarcane bagasse, obtained from crops destined for the production of artisanal liquor and panela in the Agua Fría site in the Junín canton, belonging to the province of Manabí, with ash being a percentage replacement of 5%, 10% and 15% of the cement, making a comparison between aggregates from two quarries, one located in the province of Manabí (Quarry “ A”) and another located in the province of Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas (quarry “B”). To obtain the ash, the sugar cane bagasse was calcined at a controlled temperature of 700ºC for 2 hours. Cylindrical specimens of 10cm x 20cm were used, to then subject them to measure the surface resistivity and carry out the different compression tests for the ages of 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of curing. From the results obtained, it was possible to verify that there was a contribution in concrete resistance based on the standard design in 5% and 10%, decreasing in 15% of CBCA replacement in both quarries; on the other hand, the resistivity range remains moderate for the standard design, 5% and 10%, and reaches a high range at 15% CBCA replacement for both quarries. Keywords: Resistivity, Resistance, Bagasse, Pozzolana, Design. Esta investigación presenta la evaluación en función a la resistividad y resistencia en un hormigón convencional de 210 kg/cm², utilizando la ceniza resultante de la calcinación del bagazo de caña de azúcar, obtenido de cultivos destinados a la producción de licor artesanal y panela en el sitio Agua Fría del cantón Junín, perteneciente a la provincia de Manabí, siendo la ceniza un reemplazo porcentual del 5%, 10% y 15% del cemento realizando una comparativa entre agregados de dos canteras, una ubicada en la provincia de Manabí (Cantera “A”) y otra ubicada en la provincia de Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas (cantera “B”). Para la obtención de la ceniza se calcinó el bagazo de caña de azúcar a una temperatura controlada de 700ºC durante 2 horas. Se utilizaron probetas cilíndricas de 10cm x 20cm, para luego someterlos a medir la resistividad superficial y realizar los respectivos ensayos a compresión para las edades de 7, 14, 21 y 28 días de curado. De los resultados obtenidos se pudo comprobar que hubo una aportación en resistencia del hormigón en función al diseño estándar en el 5% y 10%, disminuyendo en el 15% de reemplazo de CBCA en ambas canteras; por otra parte, el rango de resistividad se mantiene en moderado para el diseño estándar, 5% y 10%, y alcanza un rango alto en 15% de reemplazo CBCA para ambas canteras. Palabras clave: Resistividad, Resistencia, Bagazo, Puzolana, Diseño. Abstract This research presents the evaluation based on the resistivity and resistance in a conventional concrete of 210 kg/cm², using the ash resulting from the calcination of sugarcane bagasse, obtained from crops destined for the production of artisanal liquor and panela in the Agua Fría site in the Junín canton, belonging to the province of Manabí, with ash being a percentage replacement of 5%, 10% and 15% of the cement, making a comparison between aggregates from two quarries, one located in the province of Manabí (Quarry “ A”) and another located in the province of Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas (quarry “B”). To obtain the ash, the sugar cane bagasse was calcined at a controlled temperature of 700ºC for 2 hours. Cylindrical specimens of 10cm x 20cm were used, to then subject them to measure the surface resistivity and carry out the different compression tests for the ages of 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of curing. From the results obtained, it was possible to verify that there was a contribution in concrete resistance based on the standard design in 5% and 10%, decreasing in 15% of CBCA replacement in both quarries; on the other hand, the resistivity range remains moderate for the standard design, 5% and 10%, and reaches a high range at 15% CBCA replacement for both quarries. Keywords: Resistivity, Resistance, Bagasse, Pozzolana, Design. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 06 de junio de 2022.Fecha de aceptación: 26 de agosto de 2022.Fecha de publicación: 29 de septiembre de 2022. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2022-09-29 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/95 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 5 No. 10 Ed. esp. (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial septiembre 2022); 2-18 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 5 Núm. 10 Ed. esp. (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial septiembre 2022); 2-18 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/95/134 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/95/135 Copyright (c) 2022 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/96 2022-10-15T00:34:53Z ingeniar:ART

ANALYSIS OF THE BEHAVIOR OF CONSTRUCTIVE JOINTS BETWEEN OLD CONCRETE AND NEW CONCRETE USING STRUCTURAL EPOXY Análisis del comportamiento de juntas constructivas entre hormigones antiguos y hormigones nuevos empleando epóxicos estructurales Pin-Antón, Kenia Verenice Ruiz, Wilter Resina monocomponente, junta estructural, resistencia a la compresión, hormigones Monocomponent resin, structural joint, compressive strength, concrete The present investigation studies the behavior of construction joints of concrete of different ages that were joined with single-component structural resin based on polyurethane in order to evaluate their behavior under loads. the tested samples were obtained from buildings located within the city of Portoviejo from where cylinders older than 8 years and another younger than 8 months were extracted, the objective of the research was to analyze the behavior of constructive joints between concrete of different joints with a structural resin, with the witnesses taken the tests were carried out to determine the subsequent absorption tested at indirect traction. In the indirect traction tests, maximum values of 3.70 MPa and a minimum of 2.02 MPa were observed where detachment of sections at the ends of the cylinders were observed, no damage was observed that could indicate a separation of the two joined elements. The tensile strength tests indicated that the monolayer resin performs well in this type of test and proves to be suitable for bonding concrete of different ages. Keywords: Monocomponent resin, structural joint, compressive strength, concrete. La presente investigación estudia el comportamiento de juntas constructivas de hormigones de diferentes edades que fueron unidos con resina estructural mono componente a base de poliuretano con la finalidad de evaluar su comportamiento ante cargas. las muestras ensayadas fueron obtenidas de edificaciones que se encuentran dentro de la ciudad de Portoviejo de donde se extrajeron cilindros con edades mayores a los 8 años y otro inferior a los 8 meses, el objetivo de la investigación fue analizar el comportamiento de juntas constructivas entre hormigones de diferentes unidos con una resina estructural, con los testigos tomados se realizaron los ensayos para determinar la absorción posterior ensayados a tracción indirecta. En los ensayos de tracción indirecta se observaron valores máximos de 3.70 MPa y como mínimo de 2.02 MPa donde se observaron desprendimiento de secciones en los extremos de los cilindros, no se observaron daños que pudieran indicar una separación de los dos elementos unidos. Los ensayos de resistencia a la tracción indicaron que la resina monocapa presenta un buen comportamiento ante este tipo de ensayos y demuestra ser adecuada para unir hormigones de diferentes edades. Palabras clave: Resina monocomponente, junta estructural, resistencia a la compresión, hormigones. Abstract The present investigation studies the behavior of construction joints of concrete of different ages that were joined with single-component structural resin based on polyurethane in order to evaluate their behavior under loads. the tested samples were obtained from buildings located within the city of Portoviejo from where cylinders older than 8 years and another younger than 8 months were extracted, the objective of the research was to analyze the behavior of constructive joints between concrete of different joints with a structural resin, with the witnesses taken the tests were carried out to determine the subsequent absorption tested at indirect traction. In the indirect traction tests, maximum values of 3.70 MPa and a minimum of 2.02 MPa were observed where detachment of sections at the ends of the cylinders were observed, no damage was observed that could indicate a separation of the two joined elements. The tensile strength tests indicated that the monolayer resin performs well in this type of test and proves to be suitable for bonding concrete of different ages. Keywords: Monocomponent resin, structural joint, compressive strength, concrete. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 06 de junio de 2022.Fecha de aceptación: 19 de septiembre de 2022.Fecha de publicación: 29 de septiembre de 2022. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2022-09-29 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/96 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 5 No. 10 Ed. esp. (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial septiembre 2022); 19-29 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 5 Núm. 10 Ed. esp. (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial septiembre 2022); 19-29 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/96/136 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/96/137 Copyright (c) 2022 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/97 2022-10-15T02:19:43Z ingeniar:ART

ZONING OF THE BEARING CAPACITY OF THE SOILS OF THE ANDRÉS DE VERA PARISH OF THE PORTOVIEJO CANTON OF THE PROVINCE OF MANABÍ Zonificación de la capacidad portante de los suelos de la Parroquia Andrés de Vera del cantón Portoviejo de la provincia de Manabí Espinel-García, Edison Geovanny Zambrano-Meza, María Isabel Ensayo de Penetración Estándar (SPT), Cono Dinámico de Penetración (DCP), Capacidad Portante del Suelo (CBR), Sistema Unificado de Clasificación de Suelos (SUCS) Standard Penetration Test (SPT), Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP), California Bearing Ratio (CBR), Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) With the purpose of determining the bearing capacity of the soil in the Andrés de Vera parish of the Portoviejo canton of the province of Manabí and, in turn, the elaboration of a zoning map of the bearing capacity of the soils. The method used is of a mixed descriptive and experimental type where it is sought to analyze and specify the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil, supported by empirical formulas of soil mechanics such as that of Karl Terzaghi's load capacity; supported by the characterization of the soils through granulometric tests, Atterberg limits and natural density tests, tests that allowed the estimation of the soil load parameters of the entire investigated area. According to the unified soil classification system (SUCS), the following soil types were determined: High plasticity silt (MH) and High plasticity silt with sand (MH); six Zones have been determined through statistical calculations and analysis. Zone 1: 0,89 to 1,62, Zone 2: 1,63 to 2,34, Zone 3: 2,35 to 3,07, Zone 4: 3,08 to 3,80, Zone 5: 3,81 to 4,53 and Zone 6: 4,54 to 5,29; in what corresponds to the field CBR and for the laboratory CBR Zone 1: 1,11 to 1,87, Zone 2: 1,88 to 2,64, Zone 3: 2,65 to 3,41, Zone 4: 3,42 to 4,18, Zone 5: 4,19 to 4,95 and Zone 6: 4,96 to 5,73; with a depth of -1.00 meters applied in both methods. Keywords: Standard Penetration Test (SPT), Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP), California Bearing Ratio (CBR), Unified Soil Classification System (USCS). Con el fin de determinar la capacidad portante del suelo en la parroquia Andrés de Vera del cantón Portoviejo de la provincia de Manabí y a su vez la elaboración de un mapa de zonificación de la capacidad portante de los suelos. La metodología empleada es de tipo mixta descriptiva y experimental donde se busca analizar y especificar de manera estadísticas las características físicas y químicas del suelo, apoyado en formulas empíricas de mecánica de suelos como lo es la de la capacidad de carga de Karl Terzaghi; apoyado en la caracterización de los suelos mediante ensayos granulométricos, límites de Atterberg y ensayos de densidad natural, ensayos que permitieron estimar los parámetros de carga del suelo de todo el área investigada. Según el sistema unificado de clasificación de suelos (SUCS), se logró determinar los siguientes tipos de suelos: Limos de alta plasticidad (MH) y Limos de alta plasticidad con arena (MH); se han determinado 6 Zonas mediante cálculos y análisis estadísticos. Zona 1: 0,89 a 1,62, Zona 2: 1,63 a 2,34, Zona 3: 2,35 a 3,07, Zona 4: 3,08 a 3,80, Zona 5: 3,81 a 4,53 y Zona 6: 4,54 a 5,29; en lo que corresponde al CBR de campo y para el CBR de laboratorio Zona1: 1,11 a 1,87, Zona 2: 1,88 a 2,64, Zona 3: 2,65 a 3,41, Zona 4: 3,42 a 4,18, Zona 5: 4,19 a 4,95 y Zona 6: 4,96 a 5,73; con una profundidad de -1.00 metros aplicada en ambos métodos. Palabras clave: Ensayo de Penetración Estándar (SPT), Cono Dinámico de Penetración (DCP), Capacidad Portante del Suelo (CBR), Sistema Unificado de Clasificación de Suelos (SUCS). Abstract With the purpose of determining the bearing capacity of the soil in the Andrés de Vera parish of the Portoviejo canton of the province of Manabí and, in turn, the elaboration of a zoning map of the bearing capacity of the soils. The method used is of a mixed descriptive and experimental type where it is sought to analyze and specify the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil, supported by empirical formulas of soil mechanics such as that of Karl Terzaghi's load capacity; supported by the characterization of the soils through granulometric tests, Atterberg limits and natural density tests, tests that allowed the estimation of the soil load parameters of the entire investigated area. According to the unified soil classification system (SUCS), the following soil types were determined: High plasticity silt (MH) and High plasticity silt with sand (MH); six Zones have been determined through statistical calculations and analysis. Zone 1: 0,89 to 1,62, Zone 2: 1,63 to 2,34, Zone 3: 2,35 to 3,07, Zone 4: 3,08 to 3,80, Zone 5: 3,81 to 4,53 and Zone 6: 4,54 to 5,29; in what corresponds to the field CBR and for the laboratory CBR Zone 1: 1,11 to 1,87, Zone 2: 1,88 to 2,64, Zone 3: 2,65 to 3,41, Zone 4: 3,42 to 4,18, Zone 5: 4,19 to 4,95 and Zone 6: 4,96 to 5,73; with a depth of -1.00 meters applied in both methods. Keywords: Standard Penetration Test (SPT), Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP), California Bearing Ratio (CBR), Unified Soil Classification System (USCS). Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 06 de julio de 2022.Fecha de aceptación: 27 de septiembre de 2022.Fecha de publicación: 14 de octubre de 2022. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2022-10-14 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/97 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 5 No. 10 Ed. esp. (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial octubre 2022); 2-14 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 5 Núm. 10 Ed. esp. (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial octubre 2022); 2-14 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/97/138 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/97/139 Copyright (c) 2022 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/98 2022-10-15T21:06:32Z ingeniar:ART

REFRIGERANT GAS RECONVERSION TECHNIQUES IN CONVENTIONAL CLIMATE EQUIPMENT AND REDUCTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS Las técnicas de reconversión de gases refrigerantes en los equipos de clima convencionales y la reducción de los impactos ambientales Zambrano-Cedeño, Jefferson Elicio Rodríguez-Gámez, María Reconversión, gases refrigerantes. equipos de clima convencionales, impacto ambiental Reconversion, refrigerant gases. conventional climate equipment, environmental impact The objective of the present work was to demonstrate from the theoretical analysis the environmental impact derived from the operation of domestic air conditioning equipment and the influence of the conversion of refrigerant gases to reduce energy consumption and thereby reduce the environmental impact. Conventional air conditioning equipment has a high consumption of electrical energy that, due to the nature of energy generation in the Instituto Superior Tecnológico Luis Arboleda Martínez, Jaramijó extension, and the energy consumption of climate conditioning equipment was analyzed. Where it was established through theoretical analysis that the refrigerant gases that are available in the market that may be feasible in conversion techniques to reduce environmental impact, for this, the gas conversion techniques in conventional climate equipment that are used were valued. have been successfully implemented in recent years and the energy and environmental results associated with the conversion of refrigerant gases in order to reduce polluting emissions to preserve the environment. Keywords: Reconversion, refrigerant gases. conventional climate equipment, environmental impact. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue demostrar desde el análisis teórico el impacto ambiental derivado del funcionamiento de los equipos de climatización domésticos y la influencia de la reconversión de los gases refrigerantes para reducir el consumo de energía y con ello disminuir el impacto ambiental. Los equipos de climatización convencionales presentan un alto consumo de energía eléctrica que, por la naturaleza de la generación de energía en el Instituto Superior Tecnológico Luis Arboleda Martínez extensión Jaramijó se analizó el consumo de energía de los equipos acondicionadores de clima. Donde se estableció mediante el análisis teórico que los gases refrigerantes que se encuentran disponibles en el mercado que pueden resultar factibles en técnicas de reconversión para reducción del impacto ambiental, para ello se valoraron técnicas de reconversión de gases en equipos de climas convencionales que se han puesto en práctica con éxito en los últimos años. Palabras clave: Reconversión, gases refrigerantes. equipos de clima convencionales, impacto ambiental. Abstract The objective of the present work was to demonstrate from the theoretical analysis the environmental impact derived from the operation of domestic air conditioning equipment and the influence of the conversion of refrigerant gases to reduce energy consumption and thereby reduce the environmental impact. Conventional air conditioning equipment has a high consumption of electrical energy that, due to the nature of energy generation in the Instituto Superior Tecnológico Luis Arboleda Martínez, Jaramijó extension, and the energy consumption of climate conditioning equipment was analyzed. Where it was established through theoretical analysis that the refrigerant gases that are available in the market that may be feasible in conversion techniques to reduce environmental impact, for this, the gas conversion techniques in conventional climate equipment that are used were valued. have been successfully implemented in recent years and the energy and environmental results associated with the conversion of refrigerant gases in order to reduce polluting emissions to preserve the environment. Keywords: Reconversion, refrigerant gases. conventional climate equipment, environmental impact. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 06 de junio de 2022.Fecha de aceptación: 19 de septiembre de 2022.Fecha de publicación: 29 de septiembre de 2022. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2022-09-29 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/98 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 5 No. 10 Ed. esp. (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial septiembre 2022); 30-50 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 5 Núm. 10 Ed. esp. (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial septiembre 2022); 30-50 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/98/140 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/98/141 Copyright (c) 2022 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/99 2022-10-15T22:08:16Z ingeniar:ART

STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS PROVIDED BY A HOUSE BUILT WITH LOAD-BEARING WALLS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE: COMPARISON WITH THE TRADITIONAL METHOD Características estructurales que brinda una vivienda construida con muros portantes de hormigón armado: Comparación respecto al método tradicional Zevallos-Ludeña, Iván Enrique Zevallos-Mendoza, Iván Enrique Zevallos-Loor, Marcos Geovanny ingeniería civil, construcción de viviendas, vivienda muros portantes, método tradicional, comparación civil engineering, home building, households, bearing walls, traditional method, comparison Our country Ecuador, located in the Pacific Ring of Fire, in the zone with the highest seismicity on the planet, is interacted by the Nazca plate, generating more than tectonic activity, the volcanic activity and its local fault systems, which makes each region a site of much seismic activity. Specifically in the Portoviejo canton, Manabí province, these natural disasters have caused severe damage to many civil works built and consequently human losses due in some cases to high-magnitude seismic processes and in others to poor engineering practice. One of the most common problems that occurs in traditional construction systems is the lack of rigidity and resistance to lateral load in one and/or two directions, as well as, on some occasions, the low resistance of the structural elements due to gravitational load. required by the small section of columns and/or due to the insufficient support of the foundation. This is why a different model is introduced for both design and construction, in the case of one- and two-story low-income housing, to solve the housing deficit and, above all, to safeguard the lives of those who inhabit them, based on in the use of load-bearing walls built with metal formwork based on forms and the use of solid slabs for the roof, mezzanine and foundation, providing great structural strengths, a topic of interest in this treatise. It is wanted to demonstrate through a comparative analysis the structural characteristics of social housing, between traditional construction systems and load-bearing wall systems built with metal formwork based on forms, for which a synthesis analysis, descriptive statistics, inferential statistics were used, expert criteria, modeling - simulation, for each research task carried out. Keywords: civil engineering, home building, households, bearing walls, traditional method, comparison. Nuestro país Ecuador, localizado en el Cinturón de Fuego del Pacífico, en la zona de más alta sismicidad del planeta, es interactuado por la placa de Nazca, generándose a más de la actividad tectónica, la volcánica y sus sistemas de fallas locales, lo que hace de cada región un lugar de mucha de la actividad sísmica. Específicamente en el cantón Portoviejo, provincia Manabí, estos desastres naturales han causado severos daños en muchas obras civiles construidas y consecuentemente pérdidas humanas debido en algunos casos a procesos sísmicos de altas magnitudes y en otros a la mala práctica ingenieril. Uno de los problemas más comunes que se da en los sistemas constructivos tradicionales es la deficiencia de rigidez y resistencia ante la carga lateral en una y/o dos direcciones, como también en algunas ocasiones, la poca resistencia de los elementos estructurales, ante la carga gravitatoria requerida por la poca sección de columnas y/o ante el insuficiente soporte de la cimentación. Es por esto que se introduce un modelo  diferente tanto para el diseño como para la construcción, para el caso de vivienda de interés social de uno y dos pisos, para solventar el déficit habitacional y sobre todo para salvaguardar la vida de quienes las habitan, basado en la utilización de muros portantes construidos con encofrados metálicos  a base de formaletas  y la utilización de losas macizas para la cubierta, entrepiso y cimentación, brindando grandes fortalezas estructurales, tema de interés  en el presente tratado. Se quiere demostrar mediante un análisis comparativo las características estructurales de la vivienda de interés social, entre sistemas constructivos tradicionales y sistemas de muros portantes construidos con encofrados metálicos a base de formaletas, para lo cual se utilizó un análisis síntesis, la estadística descriptiva, estadística inferencial, criterios de expertos, modelación - simulación, para cada tarea de investigación realizada. Palabras clave: ingeniería civil, construcción de viviendas, vivienda muros portantes, método tradicional, comparación. Abstract Our country Ecuador, located in the Pacific Ring of Fire, in the zone with the highest seismicity on the planet, is interacted by the Nazca plate, generating more than tectonic activity, the volcanic activity and its local fault systems, which makes each region a site of much seismic activity. Specifically in the Portoviejo canton, Manabí province, these natural disasters have caused severe damage to many civil works built and consequently human losses due in some cases to high-magnitude seismic processes and in others to poor engineering practice. One of the most common problems that occurs in traditional construction systems is the lack of rigidity and resistance to lateral load in one and/or two directions, as well as, on some occasions, the low resistance of the structural elements due to gravitational load. required by the small section of columns and/or due to the insufficient support of the foundation. This is why a different model is introduced for both design and construction, in the case of one- and two-story low-income housing, to solve the housing deficit and, above all, to safeguard the lives of those who inhabit them, based on in the use of load-bearing walls built with metal formwork based on forms and the use of solid slabs for the roof, mezzanine and foundation, providing great structural strengths, a topic of interest in this treatise. It is wanted to demonstrate through a comparative analysis the structural characteristics of social housing, between traditional construction systems and load-bearing wall systems built with metal formwork based on forms, for which a synthesis analysis, descriptive statistics, inferential statistics were used, expert criteria, modeling - simulation, for each research task carried out. Keywords: civil engineering, home building, households, bearing walls, traditional method, comparison. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 06 de julio de 2022.Fecha de aceptación: 27 de septiembre de 2022.Fecha de publicación: 14 de octubre de 2022. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2022-10-14 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/99 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 5 No. 10 Ed. esp. (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial octubre 2022); 15-33 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 5 Núm. 10 Ed. esp. (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial octubre 2022); 15-33 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/99/142 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/99/143 Copyright (c) 2022 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/101 2022-12-08T20:13:59Z ingeniar:ART

DESIGN OF AN ANAEROBIC UPFLOW FILTER FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT Diseño de un filtro anaerobio de flujo ascendente para el tratamiento de aguas residuales Carrillo-Anchundia, Bladimir Jacinto Vera-Loor, José Edwin Loor-Vélez, Joselyn Dayanari digestión anaerobia, diseño de filtro, filtro anaerobio de flujo ascendente, FAFA, tratamiento de aguas residuales anaerobic digestion, filter design, anaerobic upflow filter, FAFA, wastewater treatment The Anaerobic Upflow Filter (FAFA) is a fixed biofilm wastewater treatment system for the removal of organic matter under anaerobic conditions, originating the filtration of wastewater in Salford, England in 1893, where the wastewater is debugged when using gravity runoff filters, however, it was not started experimenting with anaerobic filters until 1940. This work aims to generate a bibliographic review document, which can contribute information to future research with emphasis on factors that affect the anaerobic digestion process and which must be taken into account when designing a FAFA. The study carried out in this research shows that FAFA has biochemical aspects for the degradation of organic matter, as well as factors that affect the performance of the system which are similar to RAFA. Keywords: anaerobic digestion, filter design, anaerobic upflow filter, FAFA, wastewater treatment. El filtro anaerobio de flujo ascendente (FAFA) es un sistema de tratamiento de aguas residuales con biopelícula fija para la remoción de materia orgánica en condiciones anaerobias, teniendo origen la filtración de las aguas residuales en Salford, Inglaterra en 1893, donde las aguas residuales se depuraban al emplear filtros de escurrimiento por gravedad, sin embargo, no se comenzó a experimentar con filtros anaerobios hasta 1940. Este trabajo tiene como finalidad el generar un documento de revisión bibliográfica, el cual pueda aportar información a futuras investigaciones con énfasis en factores que afecten el proceso de la digestión anaerobia y el cual se deben tener en cuenta al momento de realizar el diseño de un FAFA. EL estudio realizado en esta investigación demuestra que el FAFA posee aspectos bioquímicos para la degradación de la materia orgánica, así como factores que afectan en el desempeño del sistema los cuales son similares al RAFA. Palabras clave: digestión anaerobia, diseño de filtro, filtro anaerobio de flujo ascendente, FAFA, tratamiento de aguas residuales. Abstract The Anaerobic Upflow Filter (FAFA) is a fixed biofilm wastewater treatment system for the removal of organic matter under anaerobic conditions, originating the filtration of wastewater in Salford, England in 1893, where the wastewater is debugged when using gravity runoff filters, however, it was not started experimenting with anaerobic filters until 1940. This work aims to generate a bibliographic review document, which can contribute information to future research with emphasis on factors that affect the anaerobic digestion process and which must be taken into account when designing a FAFA. The study carried out in this research shows that FAFA has biochemical aspects for the degradation of organic matter, as well as factors that affect the performance of the system which are similar to RAFA. Keywords: anaerobic digestion, filter design, anaerobic upflow filter, FAFA, wastewater treatment. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 15 de septiembre de 2022.Fecha de aceptación: 07 de noviembre de 2022.Fecha de publicación: 23 de noviembre de 2022. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2022-11-23 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/101 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 5 No. 10 Ed. esp. (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial noviembre 2022); 2-16 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 5 Núm. 10 Ed. esp. (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial noviembre 2022); 2-16 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/101/144 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/101/145 Copyright (c) 2022 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/103 2023-06-20T21:51:09Z ingeniar:ART

STATE OF THE ART ON DURABILITY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES IN COASTAL PROFILES Estado del arte sobre durabilidad de estructuras de hormigón armado en perfiles costeros Guerra-Mera, Juan Carlos Puig-Martínez, René Castañeda-Valdés, Abel Baque-Campozano, Byron Patricio Durabilidad, agresividad costera, porosidad efectiva, resistividad superficial, resistencia compresión Durability, coastal aggressiveness, effective porosity, surface resistivity, compressive strength In recent years, research has been carried out to establish standards for the adequate durability performance of reinforced concrete structures, in order to guarantee long service life periods. However, in spite of the studies carried out, no consensus has been reached on how to proceed, with wide and even divergent criteria among the different researchers. This particularity is especially evident in those constructions that are exposed to the impact of the aggressive coastal environment. In the expectation of having our own criteria for Ecuador when conducting research on durability, it is necessary to master the criteria used worldwide, as well as the few experiences in the country. This is precisely the objective of this article, to expose to the scientific community the results of research carried out on the durability performance of reinforced concrete elements, as well as on the deterioration mechanisms of the same in coastal profiles, the criteria used by the international community on the relationship between durability, concrete compressive strength, effective porosity and surface resistivity. For this purpose, using the methods of bibliographic analysis and critique, the results of research by more than fifty authors were evaluated, mainly scientific articles, but also normative specifications, concluding the main aspects that should guide specialists when making decisions on the durability performance of concrete structures subjected to aggressive coastal environments. Keywords: Durability, coastal aggressiveness, effective porosity, surface resistivity, compressive strength. En los últimos años se han desarrollado investigaciones dirigidas a establecer normativas para el desempeño adecuado por durabilidad de las estructuras de hormigón armado, que posibiliten garantizar plazos elevados de vida útil. Sin embargo, a pesar de los estudios realizados, no se ha llegado a un consenso sobre el proceder, con criterios amplios, e incluso divergentes, entre los diferentes investigadores. Esta particularidad se manifiesta sobre todo en aquellas construcciones que se encuentran expuestas al impacto del ambiente agresivo costero. En espera de contar con criterios propios para Ecuador al realizar las investigaciones relativas a la durabilidad, se hace necesario dominar los criterios manejados a nivel mundial, así como las pocas experiencias del país. Este es precisamente el objetivo del presente artículo, exponer a la comunidad científica los resultados de investigaciones realizadas sobre el desempeño por durabilidad de los elementos de hormigón armado, así como sobre los mecanismos de deterioro de las mismas en perfiles costeros, los criterios manejados por la comunidad internacional sobre la relación existente entre durabilidad, resistencia a compresión del hormigón, porosidad efectiva y resistividad superficial. Para ello, empleando los métodos de análisis y crítica bibliográfica, se evaluaron los resultados de investigaciones de más de cincuenta autores, fundamentalmente artículos científicos, aunque también especificaciones normativas, concluyendo los aspectos principales que deben servir de guía a los especialistas al tomar decisiones sobre el desempeño por durabilidad de las estructuras de hormigón sometidas a ambientes agresivos costeros. Palabras clave: Durabilidad, agresividad costera, porosidad efectiva, resistividad superficial, resistencia compresión. Abstract In recent years, research has been carried out to establish standards for the adequate durability performance of reinforced concrete structures, in order to guarantee long service life periods. However, in spite of the studies carried out, no consensus has been reached on how to proceed, with wide and even divergent criteria among the different researchers. This particularity is especially evident in those constructions that are exposed to the impact of the aggressive coastal environment. In the expectation of having our own criteria for Ecuador when conducting research on durability, it is necessary to master the criteria used worldwide, as well as the few experiences in the country. This is precisely the objective of this article, to expose to the scientific community the results of research carried out on the durability performance of reinforced concrete elements, as well as on the deterioration mechanisms of the same in coastal profiles, the criteria used by the international community on the relationship between durability, concrete compressive strength, effective porosity and surface resistivity. For this purpose, using the methods of bibliographic analysis and critique, the results of research by more than fifty authors were evaluated, mainly scientific articles, but also normative specifications, concluding the main aspects that should guide specialists when making decisions on the durability performance of concrete structures subjected to aggressive coastal environments. Keywords: Durability, coastal aggressiveness, effective porosity, surface resistivity, compressive strength. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 11 de noviembre de 2022.Fecha de aceptación: 04 de enero de 2023.Fecha de publicación: 10 de enero de 2023. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2023-01-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/103 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 6 No. 11 (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 2-20 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 6 Núm. 11 (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 2-20 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/103/146 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/103/147 Copyright (c) 2023 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/104 2023-06-20T21:50:59Z ingeniar:ART

CONCRETE MADE WITH AGGREGATES FROM THE DEMOLITION OF MASONRY, AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR FINE AGGREGATE Hormigón fabricado con agregados provenientes de la demolición de albañilería, como sustituto al árido fino Entsakua-Suquilanda, Freddy Leonel Guerrero-Alcívar, María Shirlendy Material de demolición, Resistencia a la compresión, Resistividad Eléctrica, Áridos, Dosificación Demolition material, Compressive strength, Electrical resistivity, Aggregates, Dosage In order to determine if the use of masonry demolition waste is feasible, with the combination of materials from one of the quarries in the town of Portoviejo, we proceeded to work with the following methodology. The methodology is mixed, so it is descriptive and experimental, which is why it seeks to statistically analyze and specify the physical characteristics of substitution materials for fine aggregate, according to the Ecuadorian INEN construction standard. To carry out the work, 4 concrete mix designs were made, by volumetric method, substituting the fine aggregate for material from the demolition of masonry by 5, 10 and 15%, once the dosages were carried out, the resistance test was carried out. compression and electrical resistivity thus obtaining comparable results with the designs made. Keywords: Demolition material, Compressive strength, Electrical resistivity, Aggregates, Dosage. Con el fin de determinar si es factible el uso de residuos de demolición de albañilería, con la combinación de los materiales provenientes de una de las canteras de la localidad de Portoviejo, se procedió a trabajar con la siguiente metodología. La metodología es mixta por lo que es descriptiva y experimental por lo que se busca analizar y especificar de manera estadística las características físicas de los materiales de sustitución al árido fino, según la norma ecuatoriana de la construcción INEN. Para la realización del trabajo se realizaron 4 diseños de mezcla de hormigón, por método volumétrico, sustituyendo al árido fino por material de producto de la demolición de albañilería en un 5, 10 y 15%, realizadas las dosificaciones se realizó el ensayo de resistencia a la compresión y resistividad eléctrica obteniendo así resultados comparables con los diseños realizados. Palabras clave: Material de demolición, Resistencia a la compresión, Resistividad Eléctrica, Áridos, Dosificación. Abstract In order to determine if the use of masonry demolition waste is feasible, with the combination of materials from one of the quarries in the town of Portoviejo, we proceeded to work with the following methodology. The methodology is mixed, so it is descriptive and experimental, which is why it seeks to statistically analyze and specify the physical characteristics of substitution materials for fine aggregate, according to the Ecuadorian INEN construction standard. To carry out the work, 4 concrete mix designs were made, by volumetric method, substituting the fine aggregate for material from the demolition of masonry by 5, 10 and 15%, once the dosages were carried out, the resistance test was carried out. compression and electrical resistivity thus obtaining comparable results with the designs made. Keywords: Demolition material, Compressive strength, Electrical resistivity, Aggregates, Dosage. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 28 de abril de 2023.Fecha de aceptación: 26 de mayo de 2023.Fecha de publicación: 30 de junio de 2023. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2023-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/104 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 6 No. 11 Ed. esp. (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial junio 2023); 12-21 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 6 Núm. 11 Ed. esp. (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial junio 2023); 12-21 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/104/148 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/104/149 Copyright (c) 2023 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/105 2023-06-20T21:51:09Z ingeniar:ART

PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND SENSORY EFFECT OF CONCENTRATIONS OF COCOA LIQUOR ON HONEY Efecto fisicoquímicos y sensoriales de concentraciones del licor de cacao sobre la miel de abeja Zamora-Macías, Carlos Javier Moreira-Vera, David Wilfrido González-Zambrano, Rosa Victoria cacao fino y de aroma, pasta de cacao, apicultura, miel fine and aroma cocoa, cocoa mass, beekeeping, honey The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of the concentrations of fine cocoa liquor and aroma on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of honey. A completely randomized monofactorial design (DCA) was applied. Being the factor under study concentrations of cocoa liquor at 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 60%, 5 treatments were obtained and three repetitions were carried out that gave 15 experimental units of 1000 gr of honey. The physicochemical variables studied were (acidity, ash, content of soluble solids in water, carbohydrates and total energy) where significant differences were detected between the treatments in the sensory analysis attributes (smell, taste, color, appearance and acceptability) were evaluated. The results of the physical chemical analyzes show that treatment T1 adheres mostly to the parameters established by the regulations. In the sensory analysis, treatment T4 was chosen by the panelists with the highest acceptability characteristics. Keywords: fine and aroma cocoa, cocoa mass, beekeeping, honey. El propósito de la investigación fue determinar el efecto de las concentraciones de licor de cacao fino y de aroma sobre las características fisicoquímicas y sensoriales de la miel de abeja. Se aplicó un diseño mono-factorial completamente al azar (DCA). Siendo el factor en estudio concentraciones de licor de cacao al 20%,30%.40%, 50% y 60%, se obtuvo 5 tratamientos y se realizó tres repeticiones que dieron 15 unidades experimentales de 1000 gr de miel de abeja. Las variables fisicoquímicas estudiadas fueron (acidez, cenizas, contenido de sólidos solubles en agua, carbohidratos y energía total) donde se detectaron diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos en los análisis sensoriales fueron evaluados los atributos (olor, sabor, color, apariencia y aceptabilidad). Los resultados de los análisis físicos químicos evidencian que el tratamiento T1 se apega en su mayoría a los parámetros que establece la normativa. En el análisis sensorial el tratamiento T4 fue el escogido por los panelistas con mayores características de aceptabilidad. Palabras clave: cacao fino y de aroma, pasta de cacao, apicultura, miel. Abstract The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of the concentrations of fine cocoa liquor and aroma on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of honey. A completely randomized monofactorial design (DCA) was applied. Being the factor under study concentrations of cocoa liquor at 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 60%, 5 treatments were obtained and three repetitions were carried out that gave 15 experimental units of 1000 gr of honey. The physicochemical variables studied were (acidity, ash, content of soluble solids in water, carbohydrates and total energy) where significant differences were detected between the treatments in the sensory analysis attributes (smell, taste, color, appearance and acceptability) were evaluated. The results of the physical chemical analyzes show that treatment T1 adheres mostly to the parameters established by the regulations. In the sensory analysis, treatment T4 was chosen by the panelists with the highest acceptability characteristics. Keywords: fine and aroma cocoa, cocoa mass, beekeeping, honey. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 11 de noviembre de 2022.Fecha de aceptación: 04 de enero de 2023.Fecha de publicación: 10 de enero de 2023. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2023-01-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/105 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 6 No. 11 (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 31-41 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 6 Núm. 11 (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 31-41 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/105/150 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/105/151 Copyright (c) 2023 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/106 2023-02-04T19:16:35Z ingeniar:ART

AUTOMATION AND INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT FOR ENGINEERING Automatización y gestión industrial para ingenierías Zambrano-Roldan, Karen Automatización, Gestión industrial, Ingeniería Automation, Industrial management, Engineering Automated industrial management systems are crucial for autonomy in industry and engineering in today's modern society, which has resulted in a significant increase in production. The machines are used in numerous sectors in terms of installed capacity and high production levels. In fact, these are created to carry out a variety of assembly tasks and reduce the time it takes to produce them. The use of robotic systems has increased due to the rapid development of AI. Many industrial machines performing a variety of activities were employed. In general, artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms have been incorporated into industry automation processes. repeatable, producing high quality results. As a result, industrialized automation finds use in a variety of manufacturing-related tasks. Businesses could reduce manufacturing costs, increase production efficiencies, and improve products and services through the use of robotic technology. Industrial automations are therefore a worthwhile investment as they operate productively in manufacturing. Keywords: Automation, Industrial management, Engineering. Los sistemas de gestión industrial automatizados son cruciales para la autonomía en la industria y la ingeniería en la actual sociedad moderna, lo que ha resultado en un aumento importante en la producción. Las máquinas se utilizan en numerosos sectores en términos de capacidad instalada y altos niveles de producción. De hecho, estos se crean para llevar a cabo una variedad de tareas de montaje y reducir el tiempo necesario para producirlos. El uso de sistemas robóticos ha aumentado debido al rápido desarrollo de la IA. Se emplearon muchas máquinas industriales que realizan una variedad de actividades. En general, los algoritmos de inteligencia artificial y aprendizaje automático se incorporaron en procesos de automatización de la industria.  repetibles, produciendo resultados de alta calidad. Como resultado, la automatización industrializada tiene uso en una variedad de tareas relacionadas con la fabricación. Las empresas podrían reducir los costos de fabricación, aumentar la eficiencia de producción y mejorar los productos y servicios mediante el uso de tecnología robótica. Las automatizaciones industriales son, por lo tanto, una inversión que valen la pena dado que operan productivamente en la fabricación. Palabras clave: Automatización, Gestión industrial, Ingeniería. Abstract Automated industrial management systems are crucial for autonomy in industry and engineering in today's modern society, which has resulted in a significant increase in production. The machines are used in numerous sectors in terms of installed capacity and high production levels. In fact, these are created to carry out a variety of assembly tasks and reduce the time it takes to produce them. The use of robotic systems has increased due to the rapid development of AI. Many industrial machines performing a variety of activities were employed. In general, artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms have been incorporated into industry automation processes. repeatable, producing high quality results. As a result, industrialized automation finds use in a variety of manufacturing-related tasks. Businesses could reduce manufacturing costs, increase production efficiencies, and improve products and services through the use of robotic technology. Industrial automations are therefore a worthwhile investment as they operate productively in manufacturing. Keywords: Automation, Industrial management, Engineering. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 17 de mayo de 2022.Fecha de aceptación: 11 de julio de 2022.Fecha de publicación: 11 de agosto de 2022. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2022-08-11 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/106 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 5 No. 10 Ed. esp. (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial agosto 2022); 29-33 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 5 Núm. 10 Ed. esp. (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial agosto 2022); 29-33 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/106/152 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/106/153 Copyright (c) 2022 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/107 2023-02-06T21:38:03Z ingeniar:ART

FAILURE MODE AND EFFECT ANALYSIS IN THE PERKINS 33T GENERATOR GENERATOR SET, LUIS ARBOLEDA MARTÍNEZ HIGHER TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE (MANTA) Análisis de Modo y Efecto de Fallas en el Grupo Electrógeno del Generador Perkins 33t, Instituto Tecnológico Superior Luis Arboleda Martínez (Manta) Cedeño-Mendoza, Juan Valentín Macías-Cantos, Manuel Ángel grupo electrógeno, análisis de modo, efecto de fallas, generador perkins generator set, mode analysis, effect of faults, perkins generator This study is developed with the information provided by the Luis Arboleda Martínez Higher Technological Institute, for protection equipment, such as generators, it is important to analyze the failures. The follow-up of a Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) was executed to the Generator Set of the Perkins 33t generator. This investigation analyzed the most frequent failures in the generator sets according to information from the maintenance area in the years 2019 and 2020, and determined the main causes of failures in operation, the mechanical failures of the Perkins 33t Generator Set are studied, in order to take action preventive measures in the future considering these aspects, a scenario that was improved with the proposal to the current maintenance plan scheme, to maintain the optimal conditions of these, according to the parameters established in the manuals and the operating regime chart, thus determining the ranges established according to the planning of each of the activities within the process; The data and results obtained are recorded to keep a control as a basis for the respective diagnosis. Keywords: generator set, mode analysis, effect of faults, perkins generator. Este estudio se desarrolla con la información brindada por el Instituto Superior Tecnológico Luis Arboleda Martínez, para equipos de protección, como son los grupos electrógenos, es importante analizar las fallas. Se ejecutó el seguimiento de un Análisis de modo y efecto de fallas (AMEF) al Grupo Electrógeno del generador Perkins 33t. Esta investigación analizó las fallas más frecuentes en los grupos electrógenos según información del área de mantenimiento en los años 2019 y 2020, y determinó las principales causas de fallas en el funcionamiento, se estudia las fallas mecánicas del Grupo Electrógeno Perkins 33t, para poder tomar acciones preventivas a futuro considerando estos aspectos, escenario que se mejoró con la propuesta al esquema actual del plan de mantenimiento, para mantener las condiciones óptimas de estos, según los parámetros establecidos en los manuales y de la carta régimen de operación determinando así los rangos establecidos según las planificaciones en cada una de las actividades dentro del proceso; los datos y resultados obtenidos se registran para llevar un control como base para el respectivo diagnóstico. Palabras clave: grupo electrógeno, análisis de modo, efecto de fallas, generador perkins. Abstract This study is developed with the information provided by the Luis Arboleda Martínez Higher Technological Institute, for protection equipment, such as generators, it is important to analyze the failures. The follow-up of a Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) was executed to the Generator Set of the Perkins 33t generator. This investigation analyzed the most frequent failures in the generator sets according to information from the maintenance area in the years 2019 and 2020, and determined the main causes of failures in operation, the mechanical failures of the Perkins 33t Generator Set are studied, in order to take action preventive measures in the future considering these aspects, a scenario that was improved with the proposal to the current maintenance plan scheme, to maintain the optimal conditions of these, according to the parameters established in the manuals and the operating regime chart, thus determining the ranges established according to the planning of each of the activities within the process; The data and results obtained are recorded to keep a control as a basis for the respective diagnosis. Keywords: generator set, mode analysis, effect of faults, perkins generator. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 06 de junio de 2022.Fecha de aceptación: 06 de septiembre de 2022.Fecha de publicación: 29 de septiembre de 2022. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2022-09-29 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/107 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 5 No. 10 Ed. esp. (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial septiembre 2022); 51-64 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 5 Núm. 10 Ed. esp. (2022): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial septiembre 2022); 51-64 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/107/154 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/107/155 Copyright (c) 2022 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/108 2023-06-20T21:51:09Z ingeniar:ART

EVOLUTION AND USEFULNESS OF CNC MACHINING IN INDUSTRIAL DESIGN Evolución y utilidad del mecanizado CNC en el diseño industrial Solís-Santamaría, Santiago Isaac Solís-Santamaría, Tannia Magally Lasluisa-Naranjo, Héctor Geovanny Albán-Andrade, Efrén Damián Torno, fresa, mecanizado, CNC, Diseño Industrial Lathe, milling cutter, machining, CNC Industrial design Introduction. CNC technology or CNC machining did not emerge overnight, but is the product of a process of improvements and inventiveness in existing machine tools at the time. However, in order to understand more clearly the evolutionary process of this technology (CNC), it is imperative to know not only the characteristics of these machine tools, but also their operation and improvements over time. Objective. Analyze the evolution and usefulness of CNC machining in industrial design. Methodology. The methodology used in this work is of a bibliographical nature with a type of documentary research. The development of the investigation is based on the search for information with the purpose of finding some procedure or the answers to any situation or problem raised. The research has a development scheme, so the documentation was found on various websites through the Google Scholar digital search engine. For this purpose, key words or sentences were used such as: Lathe, CNC machining, Milling machine, industrial design. Results.1- Describe important concepts for this work such as: Lathe and Mill. 2-Describe CNC machining in industrial design. 3-Compare the functions of manual machining with CNC machining in industrial design. 4-List the advantages and disadvantages of CNC machining. 5-Demonstrate the usefulness or importance of CNC machining in industrial design. Conclution. CNC machining is nothing more than the automation of machine tools (lathe, milling machine, grinding machine, etc.), which performs different and complex machining operations using computer numerical control (CNC). CNC machining is more efficient and effective than conventional machining, since it allows machining a greater number of parts in the shortest possible time, which contributes to increasing production in industrial design. Keywords: Lathe, milling cutter, machining, CNC Industrial design. Introducción. La tecnología CNC o mecanizado CNC, no surgió de la noche a la mañana, sino que es producto de un proceso de mejoras e inventivas en las maquinas herramientas existentes para el momento. Ahora bien para comprender con más claridad el proceso evolutivo de esta tecnología (CNC), se hace imperativo conocer no solamente las características de estas maquinas herramientas, sino, también su funcionamiento y mejoras en el tiempo. Objetivo. Analizar la evolución y utilidad del mecanizado CNC en el diseño industrial. Metodología. La metodología empleada en este trabajo es de carácter bibliográfico con un tipo de investigación documental. El desarrollo de la investigación tiene como fundamento la búsqueda de información con el propósito de encontrar algún procedimiento o las respuestas a alguna situación o problema planteado. La investigación tiene un esquema de desarrollo, por lo que la documentación fue encontrada en diversos sitios web por medio del buscador digital Google Academico. Para tal fin se utilizaron palabras u oraciones claves como: Torno, Mecanizado CNC, Fresadora, diseño industrial. Resultados. Describir conceptos importantes para este trabajo como: 1-Torno y Fresa. 2-Describir el mecanizado CNC en el diseño industrial. 3-Comparar las funciones del mecanizado manual con el mecanizado CNC en el diseño industrial. 4-Enumerar las ventajas y desventajas del mecanizado CNC. 5-Demostrar la utilidad o importancia del mecanizado CNC en el diseño industrial. Conclusión. El mecanizado CNC no es más que la automatización de las maquinas herramientas (torno, fresadora, rectificadora, etc.), la cual efectúa operaciones distintas y complejas de mecanizado mediante un control numérico por computadora (CNC). El mecanizado CNC es más eficiente y eficaz que el mecanizado convencional, ya que permite mecanizar mayor cantidad de piezas en el menor tiempo posible, lo cual contribuye al aumento de la producción en el diseño industrial. Palabras clave: Torno, fresa, mecanizado, CNC, Diseño Industrial. Abstract Introduction. CNC technology or CNC machining did not emerge overnight, but is the product of a process of improvements and inventiveness in existing machine tools at the time. However, in order to understand more clearly the evolutionary process of this technology (CNC), it is imperative to know not only the characteristics of these machine tools, but also their operation and improvements over time. Objective. Analyze the evolution and usefulness of CNC machining in industrial design. Methodology. The methodology used in this work is of a bibliographical nature with a type of documentary research. The development of the investigation is based on the search for information with the purpose of finding some procedure or the answers to any situation or problem raised. The research has a development scheme, so the documentation was found on various websites through the Google Scholar digital search engine. For this purpose, key words or sentences were used such as: Lathe, CNC machining, Milling machine, industrial design. Results.1- Describe important concepts for this work such as: Lathe and Mill. 2-Describe CNC machining in industrial design. 3-Compare the functions of manual machining with CNC machining in industrial design. 4-List the advantages and disadvantages of CNC machining. 5-Demonstrate the usefulness or importance of CNC machining in industrial design. Conclution. CNC machining is nothing more than the automation of machine tools (lathe, milling machine, grinding machine, etc.), which performs different and complex machining operations using computer numerical control (CNC). CNC machining is more efficient and effective than conventional machining, since it allows machining a greater number of parts in the shortest possible time, which contributes to increasing production in industrial design. Keywords: Lathe, milling cutter, machining, CNC Industrial design. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 07 de noviembre de 2022.Fecha de aceptación: 04 de enero de 2023.Fecha de publicación: 10 de enero de 2023. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2023-01-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/108 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 6 No. 11 (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 42-55 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 6 Núm. 11 (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 42-55 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/108/156 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/108/157 Copyright (c) 2023 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/109 2023-03-04T00:56:14Z ingeniar:ART

IMPROVEMENT OF GRANULAR MATERIAL WITH TYPE MH CEMENT AND FINE AGGREGATES OF BEACH SAND FROM THE COAST IN THE MANABÍ PROVINCE Mejoramiento de material granular con cemento tipo MH y agregados finos de arena de playa proveniente de la costa en la provincia Manabí Morales-Hidalgo, Johanna Patricia Ortiz-Hernández, Eduardo Humberto Intriago-Álava, Carlos Igor Arena de mar, Sub-base granular, Granulometría, Capacidad Portante de Suelo (CBR), Cemento Tipo MH Sea sand, Granular sub-base, Granulometry, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), Type MH Cement The present investigation was developed with the purpose of characterizing the sea sands of the beaches located in the coastal profile of the province of Manabí, to determine if it is feasible to combine it with sub-base type granular material, fulfilling the specification of INEN standards for civil works projects. The sea sand studied underwent granulometry, natural humidity and specific gravity tests to later combine it granulometrically with the sub-base type granular material from a quarry located in the canton of Montecristi. The dosage to stabilize the sub-base was developed using 10% sea sand from Puerto Cayo adding 3, 4 and 5% Holcim Base Vial Type MH cement. To analyze the mechanical behavior of this type of mixtures, Modified Proctor and CBR (California Bearing Ratio) tests were carried out, which allowed us to show favorable results regarding the resistant capacity of the sub-base type granular material, since by adding 10% of sea sand from Puerto Cayo and 5% MH type cement, the CBR of the quarry granular material, significantly increased reaching values from 33.2% to 150%. Keywords: Sea sand, Granular sub-base, Granulometry, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), Type MH Cement. La presente investigación se desarrolló con el propósito de caracterizar las arenas de mar de las playas ubicadas en el perfil costero de la provincia de Manabí, para determinar si es factible su uso en la combinación con material granular tipo sub-base cumpliendo con las especificaciones de las normas del INEN para proyectos de obras civiles. A la arena de mar estudiada se le realizaron ensayos de granulometría, humedad natural y gravedad específica para posteriormente combinarla granulométricamente con el material granular tipo sub-base proveniente de una cantera ubicada en el cantón de Montecristi. La dosificación para estabilizar la sub-base se desarrolló empleando 10% de arena de mar de Puerto Cayo añadiendo 3, 4 y 5% de cemento Holcim Base Vial Tipo MH. Para analizar el comportamiento mecánico de este tipo de mezclas, se realizaron ensayos de Proctor Modificado y CBR (California Bearing Ratio) que permitieron evidenciar resultados favorables con respecto a la capacidad resistente del material granular tipo sub-base ya que al añadirle un 10% de arena de mar de Puerto Cayo y 5% de cemento tipo MH, aumentó significativamente el CBR del material granular de cantera, alcanzando valores de 33.2% al 150%. Palabras clave: Arena de mar, Sub-base granular, Granulometría, Capacidad Portante de Suelo (CBR), Cemento Tipo MH. Abstract The present investigation was developed with the purpose of characterizing the sea sands of the beaches located in the coastal profile of the province of Manabí, to determine if it is feasible to combine it with sub-base type granular material, fulfilling the specification of INEN standards for civil works projects. The sea sand studied underwent granulometry, natural humidity and specific gravity tests to later combine it granulometrically with the sub-base type granular material from a quarry located in the canton of Montecristi. The dosage to stabilize the sub-base was developed using 10% sea sand from Puerto Cayo adding 3, 4 and 5% Holcim Base Vial Type MH cement. To analyze the mechanical behavior of this type of mixtures, Modified Proctor and CBR (California Bearing Ratio) tests were carried out, which allowed us to show favorable results regarding the resistant capacity of the sub-base type granular material, since by adding 10% of sea sand from Puerto Cayo and 5% MH type cement, the CBR of the quarry granular material, significantly increased reaching values from 33.2% to 150%. Keywords: Sea sand, Granular sub-base, Granulometry, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), Type MH Cement. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 09 de diciembre de 2022.Fecha de aceptación: 03 de febrero de 2023.Fecha de publicación: 27 de febrero de 2023. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2023-02-27 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/109 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 6 No. 11 Ed. esp. (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial febrero 2023); 2-15 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 6 Núm. 11 Ed. esp. (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial febrero 2023); 2-15 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/109/158 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/109/159 Copyright (c) 2023 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/111 2023-06-20T21:51:09Z ingeniar:ART

CURRENT ADVANCES IN ELECTRIC CAR BATTERIES Avances actuales de las baterías de los automóviles eléctricos Miranda-Reyes, Orlando Vladimir Ballesteros-López, Juan Gabriel Punina-Poveda, Diego Hernán Lescano-Paredes, Luis Gabriel Baterías, automóviles, eléctricos, avances Batteries, cars, electric, advances The world is always in constant change to provide solutions and answers to various factors, one of which is environmental pollution, which is a relevant issue for nations. One of the main pollutions are those caused by fossil fuels, giving rise then to the emergence of electric vehicles, with components that reduce damage to the environment. One of the components of these vehicles are the batteries, which store and distribute energy to all the electrical components of a car. These batteries have been evolving to respond to the new models of electric cars, and to the inevitable electrification that is expected in the future. The objective of the research is to describe the most important batteries found on the market and how their progress has been over time. It was a documentary-bibliographical research, since the information was obtained from the consultation of scientific articles, theses, monographs, among other documents. As a result, it was obtained that it is evident that the advance of technology as well as science, batteries can be manufactured and improved, and improve their performance, useful life and price. Keywords: Batteries, cars, electric, advances. El mundo siempre está en constantes cambios para dar solución y respuestas a diversos factores, uno de ellos la contaminación del ambiente, el cual es un tema relevante para las naciones. Una de las principales contaminaciones son las ocasionadas por los combustibles fósiles, dando origen entonces al surgimiento de los vehículos eléctricos, con componentes que disminuyan el daño al ambiente. Uno de los componentes de estos vehículos son las baterías, las cuales almacenan y distribuyen la energía a todos los componentes eléctricos de un automóvil. Estas baterías, han ido evolucionando para dar respuestas a los nuevos modelos de automóviles eléctricos, y a la inevitable electrificación que se espera en un futuro. El objetivo de la investigación es describir las baterías más importantes que se encuentra en el mercado y como ha sido su avance en el tiempo. Se trato de una investigación de tipo documental-bibliográfica, ya que la información se obtuvo de la consulta de artículos científicos, tesis, monografías, entre otros documentos. Como resultado se obtuvo que es evidente que el avance de la tecnología, así como de la ciencia, las baterías podrán ser fabricadas y mejoradas, e ir mejorando su rendimiento, vida útil y precio. Palabras clave: Baterías, automóviles, eléctricos, avances. Abstract The world is always in constant change to provide solutions and answers to various factors, one of which is environmental pollution, which is a relevant issue for nations. One of the main pollutions are those caused by fossil fuels, giving rise then to the emergence of electric vehicles, with components that reduce damage to the environment. One of the components of these vehicles are the batteries, which store and distribute energy to all the electrical components of a car. These batteries have been evolving to respond to the new models of electric cars, and to the inevitable electrification that is expected in the future. The objective of the research is to describe the most important batteries found on the market and how their progress has been over time. It was a documentary-bibliographical research, since the information was obtained from the consultation of scientific articles, theses, monographs, among other documents. As a result, it was obtained that it is evident that the advance of technology as well as science, batteries can be manufactured and improved, and improve their performance, useful life and price. Keywords: Batteries, cars, electric, advances. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 07 de noviembre de 2022.Fecha de aceptación: 04 de enero de 2023.Fecha de publicación: 10 de enero de 2023. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2023-01-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/111 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 6 No. 11 (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 56-69 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 6 Núm. 11 (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 56-69 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/111/160 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/111/161 Copyright (c) 2023 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/112 2023-03-24T22:39:18Z ingeniar:ART

CHARACTERISTICS OF TWO CRUSHED COARSE AGGREGATES THAT INFLUENCE THE POROSITY OF CONCRETE Características de dos agregados gruesos triturados que influyen en la porosidad del hormigón García-Moreta, Lisbeth Dayana Morrillo-García, Vanessa Andreina Guerra-Mera, Juan Carlos Agregado grueso, caracterización, porosidad Coarse aggregate, characterization, porosity Coarse aggregates have their own characteristics and the behavior of the concrete depends on this, both in terms of its physical-mechanical properties and its performance in the fresh or hardened state. In order to determine the characteristics of the coarse aggregate, this research aims to analyze the influence of the amount of water added to the concrete, according to the established standard; and in turn, how this influences the porosity of the concrete of 210 Kg/cm2. Therefore, to achieve this objective, a quantitative methodology based on an experimental design was used. The coarse aggregate samples that came from two quarries located in different provinces, one in Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas and the other in Manabí. The tests were carried out in accordance with ASTM C39 on a total of 48 specimens. The method developed by Göran Fagerlund was used to determine the capillary porosity of the concrete. The results showed that the coarse aggregates from both quarries reached values below 10%, within the percentage of effective capillary porosity. Since the size of the coarse aggregate is one of the most important characteristics in the composition of the concrete. It is therefore important that the concrete has a good durability based on the effective capillary porosity. Keywords: Coarse aggregate, characterization, porosity. Los agregados gruesos tienen sus respectivas características, y de ello depende el comportamiento del hormigón, en sus propiedades físicas – mecánicas, así como también en su desempeño en estado fresco o endurecido. Para determinar las características del agregado grueso, la presente investigación, pretende analizar cómo influye la cantidad de agua agregada en el hormigón, de acuerdo a la norma establecida; y a su vez, como esta influye en la porosidad del hormigón de 210 Kg/cm2. Para la consecución del presente objetivo, se empleó la metodología cuantitativa, la misma, que partió de un diseño experimental. Las muestras de los agregados gruesos, provinieron de dos canteras de diferentes provincias, una de Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas y la otra de Manabí. Las pruebas realizadas se las ejecutaron de acuerdo a lo establecido en la norma ASTM C39, a un total de 48 probetas. Para determinar la porosidad capilar del hormigón, se basó en la metodología establecida por Göran Fagerlund. De los resultados obtenidos, se pudo evidenciar que los agregados gruesos de ambas canteras, obtuvieron valores por debajo del 10%, dentro del porcentaje de porosidad capilar efectivo. Siendo el tamaño del agregado grueso, una de las principales características en la composición del hormigón, para que tenga una buena durabilidad en base de la porosidad capilar efectiva. Palabras clave: Agregado grueso, caracterización, porosidad. Abstract Coarse aggregates have their own characteristics and the behavior of the concrete depends on this, both in terms of its physical-mechanical properties and its performance in the fresh or hardened state. In order to determine the characteristics of the coarse aggregate, this research aims to analyze the influence of the amount of water added to the concrete, according to the established standard; and in turn, how this influences the porosity of the concrete of 210 Kg/cm2. Therefore, to achieve this objective, a quantitative methodology based on an experimental design was used. The coarse aggregate samples that came from two quarries located in different provinces, one in Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas and the other in Manabí. The tests were carried out in accordance with ASTM C39 on a total of 48 specimens. The method developed by Göran Fagerlund was used to determine the capillary porosity of the concrete. The results showed that the coarse aggregates from both quarries reached values below 10%, within the percentage of effective capillary porosity. Since the size of the coarse aggregate is one of the most important characteristics in the composition of the concrete. It is therefore important that the concrete has a good durability based on the effective capillary porosity. Keywords: Coarse aggregate, characterization, porosity. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 09 de diciembre de 2022.Fecha de aceptación: 03 de febrero de 2023.Fecha de publicación: 27 de febrero de 2023. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2023-02-27 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/112 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 6 No. 11 Ed. esp. (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial febrero 2023); 16-28 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 6 Núm. 11 Ed. esp. (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial febrero 2023); 16-28 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/112/162 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/112/163 Copyright (c) 2023 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/113 2023-03-24T23:40:09Z ingeniar:ART

ORDERING OF URBAN TRAFFIC IN PORTOVIEJO, FROM RAMOS IDUARTE AVENUE TO COLON STREET Ordenamiento al tránsito urbano de Portoviejo, desde la Av. Ramos Iduarte, hasta la calle Colón Anchundia-Macías, Gabriel Eduardo Villavicencio-Vivas, Gustavo Alejandro García-Vinces, Jimmy Jeffrey tráfico, vehículo, tránsito, ordenamiento, Portoviejo traffic, vehicle, transit, order, Portoviejo Traffic is the result of a growing and constant rate of vehicle fleet within a city, and in the case of Portoviejo it is becoming a latent problem. The purpose of this research is to focus efforts on a vehicular arrangement towards streets with little traffic, but easy to navigate. To collect the necessary information on the traffic of the streets under study, a vehicle count that lasted 3 months was used as the main tool, in addition to this processing, office tools such as Excel were used to process them and provide their respective interpretation. As results, it has been obtained that the main road arteries such as Av. Ramos Duarte suffer from high traffic congestion due to the large number of vehicles that use it as an access point to the city center. Sucre street is a mobility alternative to order part of the traffic that is moving towards sectors such as the urban center or with high bureaucratic movement. Keywords: traffic, vehicle, transit, order, Portoviejo. El tráfico es resultado de una tasa creciente y constante del parque automotor dentro de una ciudad, y en el caso de Portoviejo se está volviendo una problemática latente. La finalidad de esta investigación es centrar esfuerzo en un ordenamiento vehicular hacia calles de poco tránsito, pero de fácil desplazamiento. Para recopilar la información necesaria sobre el tráfico de las calles objeto de estudio se utilizó como herramienta principal un aforo vehicular que duro 3 meses, adicional a este procesamiento se utilizó herramientas de ofimática como Excel para procesarlas y brindar su respectiva interpretación. Como resultados se han obtenido que las principales arterias viales como la Av. Ramos Duarte sufren de un alto congestionamiento vehicular debido a la gran cantidad de vehículos que la utilizan como punto de acceso al centro de la ciudad. La calle Sucre es una alternativa de movilidad para ordenar parte del tráfico que se está desplazando hacia sectores como el centro urbano o de alto movimiento burocrático. Palabras clave: tráfico, vehículo, tránsito, ordenamiento, Portoviejo. Abstract Traffic is the result of a growing and constant rate of vehicle fleet within a city, and in the case of Portoviejo it is becoming a latent problem. The purpose of this research is to focus efforts on a vehicular arrangement towards streets with little traffic, but easy to navigate. To collect the necessary information on the traffic of the streets under study, a vehicle count that lasted 3 months was used as the main tool, in addition to this processing, office tools such as Excel were used to process them and provide their respective interpretation. As results, it has been obtained that the main road arteries such as Av. Ramos Duarte suffer from high traffic congestion due to the large number of vehicles that use it as an access point to the city center. Sucre street is a mobility alternative to order part of the traffic that is moving towards sectors such as the urban center or with high bureaucratic movement. Keywords: traffic, vehicle, transit, order, Portoviejo. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 09 de enero de 2023.Fecha de aceptación: 23 de marzo de 2023.Fecha de publicación: 24 de marzo de 2023. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2023-03-24 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/113 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 6 No. 11 Ed. esp. (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial marzo 2023); 2-13 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 6 Núm. 11 Ed. esp. (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial marzo 2023); 2-13 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/113/164 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/113/165 Copyright (c) 2023 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/114 2023-03-29T00:33:20Z ingeniar:ART

ADDITION OF NATURAL POZZOLANA (DIATOMITE) TO IMPROVE RESISTANCE IN STRUCTURAL MORTAR Adición de puzolana natural (diatomita) para mejorar la resistencia en mortero estructural Álvarez-Cedeño, Félix Jhoel Zambrano-Chavarría, Jonathan David Eguez-Álava, Hugo Ernesto Puzolana, Diatomita, Resistencia, Mortero, Estructural Pozzolan, Diatomite, Resistance, Mortar, Structural The investigative work carried out consisted in the evaluation of type (M) structural mortars, according to the standard (ASTM C109/C109 M-99), depending on the compressive strength. The tests were carried out with specific materials such as: Type I Portland cement, diatomite Pozzolana, crushed sand from (Megarok S.A.) and water. The mixtures were worked at the same fluidity level, obtaining homogeneous mixtures with great workability. The molding of the specimens was carried out in cubes of 50mm on each side. Diatomite was added proportionally at 15% and 20% as a replacement for Portland cement. Breakage tests were performed at 7, 14, 28, and 91 days of curing, which were successful, creating a type M (structural) mortar. The diatomite was very efficient thanks to its high amorphous silica content, which reacts with the hydration products of the cement ( and the alkalis  and  among others) to produce a structural mortar in order to obtain the required level of resistance and improve its durability. Keywords: Pozzolan, Diatomite, Resistance, Mortar, Structural. El trabajo investigativo realizado consistió en la evaluación de morteros estructurales tipo (M), según la norma (ASTM C109/C109 M-99), en función de la resistencia a la compresión. Los ensayos se realizaron con materiales específicos como: cemento Portland tipo I, Puzolana diatomita, arena triturada de (Megarok S.A.) y agua. Las mezclas fueron trabajadas a un mismo nivel de fluidez obteniendo mezclas homogéneas y de gran trabajabilidad. El moldeo de los especímenes se realizó en cubos de 50mm por cada lado. La diatomita fue adicionada proporcionalmente en el 15% y 20%como remplazo del cemento Portland. Los ensayos de rotura se realizaron a los 7, 14, 28, y 91 días de curado, los cuales resultaron exitosos, creando un mortero tipo M (estructural). La diatomita resulto muy eficiente gracias a su alto contenido de sílice amorfa, la que reacciona con los productos de hidratación del cemento (Ca〖OH〗_2 y los álcalis NaOH y KOH entre otros) para producir un mortero estructural con el fin de obtener el nivel de resistencia requerido y mejorar su durabilidad. Palabras clave: Puzolana, Diatomita, Resistencia, Mortero, Estructural. Abstract The investigative work carried out consisted in the evaluation of type (M) structural mortars, according to the standard (ASTM C109/C109 M-99), depending on the compressive strength. The tests were carried out with specific materials such as: Type I Portland cement, diatomite Pozzolana, crushed sand from (Megarok S.A.) and water. The mixtures were worked at the same fluidity level, obtaining homogeneous mixtures with great workability. The molding of the specimens was carried out in cubes of 50mm on each side. Diatomite was added proportionally at 15% and 20% as a replacement for Portland cement. Breakage tests were performed at 7, 14, 28, and 91 days of curing, which were successful, creating a type M (structural) mortar. The diatomite was very efficient thanks to its high amorphous silica content, which reacts with the hydration products of the cement ( and the alkalis  and  among others) to produce a structural mortar in order to obtain the required level of resistance and improve its durability. Keywords: Pozzolan, Diatomite, Resistance, Mortar, Structural. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 09 de enero de 2023.Fecha de aceptación: 23 de marzo de 2023.Fecha de publicación: 28 de marzo de 2023. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2023-03-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/114 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 6 No. 11 Ed. esp. (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial marzo 2023); 14-29 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 6 Núm. 11 Ed. esp. (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial marzo 2023); 14-29 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/114/166 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/114/167 Copyright (c) 2023 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/115 2023-03-31T23:27:56Z ingeniar:ART

INFLUENCE OF TEMPERED GLASS IN CONCRETE MIXTURES WITH PORTLAND CEMENT Influencia del vidrio templado en las mezclas de concreto con cemento Portland Villao-Vera, Raúl Andrés Barba-López, Rómulo Alejandro Mármol-Acosta, Xavier Emmanuel cemento portland, concreto, vidrio portland cement, concrete, glass Cement is one of the most used products for construction since ancient times, the need of the human being to be able to have refuge in safe places that resist the ravages of nature, this has created the need to look for new and better materials that separate To provide resistance and durability are low in cost and friendly to the environment, this is the case of Portland cement, which has certain resistance characteristics but tempered glass is added. The objective of this research is to determine how precisely the glass element influences the incorporation into the Portland cement mixture. The methodology used is the bibliographic documentary type, which was carried out through the systematic review of documents, scientific publications, theses, books, among other relevant documents on the subject. In conclusion, it can be said that the incorporation of elements such as glass in concrete mixtures whose main component is Portland cement is successful, since the high resistance of concrete has been observed and in the same way it contributes to the recycling of glass. Keywords: portland cement, concrete, glass. El cemento es uno de los productos más utilizados para la construcción desde épocas antiguas, la necesidad del ser humano de poder contar con refugio en sitios seguros que resistan los embates de la naturaleza, esto ha creado la necesidad de buscar nuevos y mejores materiales que aparte de brindar resistencia y durabilidad sean bajos en costos y amigables con el medio ambiente, este es el caso del cemento Portland, el cual presenta ciertas características de resistencia pero que se le adiciona vidrio templado. El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar cómo influye precisamente la incorporación a la mezcla de cemento Portland el elemento vidrio. La metodología empleada es la de tipo documental bibliográfica, la cual se realizó mediante la revisión sistemática de documentos, publicaciones científicas, tesis, libros, entre otros documentos relevantes sobre el tema. Como conclusión se puede decir que resulta exitoso la incorporación de elementos como el vidrio en las mezclas de concreto cuyo principal componente es el cemento Portland, ya que se ha observado la alta resistencia del concreto y de igual manera se contribuye con el reciclaje del vidrio. Palabras clave: cemento portland, concreto, vidrio. Abstract Cement is one of the most used products for construction since ancient times, the need of the human being to be able to have refuge in safe places that resist the ravages of nature, this has created the need to look for new and better materials that separate To provide resistance and durability are low in cost and friendly to the environment, this is the case of Portland cement, which has certain resistance characteristics but tempered glass is added. The objective of this research is to determine how precisely the glass element influences the incorporation into the Portland cement mixture. The methodology used is the bibliographic documentary type, which was carried out through the systematic review of documents, scientific publications, theses, books, among other relevant documents on the subject. In conclusion, it can be said that the incorporation of elements such as glass in concrete mixtures whose main component is Portland cement is successful, since the high resistance of concrete has been observed and in the same way it contributes to the recycling of glass. Keywords: portland cement, concrete, glass. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 09 de enero de 2023.Fecha de aceptación: 23 de marzo de 2023.Fecha de publicación: 31 de marzo de 2023. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2023-03-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/115 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 6 No. 11 Ed. esp. (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial marzo 2023); 30-43 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 6 Núm. 11 Ed. esp. (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial marzo 2023); 30-43 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/115/168 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/115/169 Copyright (c) 2023 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/116 2023-06-20T21:51:09Z ingeniar:ART

DIGITAL NOMADS AND REMOTE WORK IN LATIN AMERICA Nómadas digitales y trabajo remoto en Latinoamérica Chiriboga-Mendoza, Fidel Ricardo Delgado-Mendoza, Kevin Alexander Zambrano-Pilay, Enrique Cristóbal Nómadas digitales, Digitalización, teletrabajo, conectividad digital Digital nomads, Digitization, teleworking, digital connectivity In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of digital nomads around the world. Digital nomads are people who work remotely using digital and technological tools to carry out their work from anywhere in the world. Often these workers do not have a fixed location and move from one place to another according to their personal and professional needs. Remote work and the digital nomad lifestyle have become increasingly popular due to the increasing accessibility and quality of information and communication technologies. People can work from anywhere in the world as long as they have an internet connection and a device to work on. Additionally, the rise of social media and digital communities has also allowed digital nomads to connect and collaborate with other remote workers from around the world. Particularly countries like the United States and Spain are known to have a large number of digital nomads due to the increasing availability of remote work options and the quality of life they offer. In Spain, for example, coastal cities like Valencia and Barcelona have attracted large numbers of digital nomads due to their climate, culture, and relaxed work environment. In Latin America, digital nomads are beginning to attract the attention of local governments and entrepreneurs. Many countries in the region are trying to attract digital nomads with tax breaks, special visa programs, and co-working spaces. Keywords: Digital nomads, Digitization, teleworking, digital connectivity. En los últimos años, se ha producido un aumento significativo en la cantidad de nómadas digitales en todo el mundo. Los nómadas digitales son personas que trabajan de forma remota utilizando herramientas digitales y tecnológicas para realizar su trabajo desde cualquier lugar del mundo. A menudo, estos trabajadores no tienen una ubicación fija y se mueven de un lugar a otro según sus necesidades personales y profesionales. El trabajo remoto y el estilo de vida nómada digital se han vuelto cada vez más populares debido a la creciente accesibilidad y calidad de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación. Las personas pueden trabajar desde cualquier lugar del mundo siempre y cuando tengan una conexión a Internet y un dispositivo para trabajar. Además, el auge de las redes sociales y las comunidades digitales también ha permitido a los nómadas digitales conectarse y colaborar con otros trabajadores remotos de todo el mundo. Particularmente países como Estados Unidos y España son conocidos por tener una gran cantidad de nómadas digitales debido a la creciente disponibilidad de opciones de trabajo remoto y la calidad de vida que ofrecen. En España, por ejemplo, las ciudades costeras como Valencia y Barcelona han atraído a un gran número de nómadas digitales debido a su clima, cultura y ambiente de trabajo relajado. En América Latina, los nómadas digitales están empezando a atraer la atención de los gobiernos y los empresarios locales. Muchos países de la región están tratando de atraer a los nómadas digitales con incentivos fiscales, programas de visas especiales y espacios de trabajo compartidos. Palabras clave: Nómadas digitales, Digitalización, teletrabajo, conectividad digital. Abstract In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of digital nomads around the world. Digital nomads are people who work remotely using digital and technological tools to carry out their work from anywhere in the world. Often these workers do not have a fixed location and move from one place to another according to their personal and professional needs. Remote work and the digital nomad lifestyle have become increasingly popular due to the increasing accessibility and quality of information and communication technologies. People can work from anywhere in the world as long as they have an internet connection and a device to work on. Additionally, the rise of social media and digital communities has also allowed digital nomads to connect and collaborate with other remote workers from around the world. Particularly countries like the United States and Spain are known to have a large number of digital nomads due to the increasing availability of remote work options and the quality of life they offer. In Spain, for example, coastal cities like Valencia and Barcelona have attracted large numbers of digital nomads due to their climate, culture, and relaxed work environment. In Latin America, digital nomads are beginning to attract the attention of local governments and entrepreneurs. Many countries in the region are trying to attract digital nomads with tax breaks, special visa programs, and co-working spaces. Keywords: Digital nomads, Digitization, teleworking, digital connectivity. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 07 de noviembre de 2022.Fecha de aceptación: 04 de enero de 2023.Fecha de publicación: 10 de enero de 2023. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2023-01-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/116 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 6 No. 11 (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 70-77 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 6 Núm. 11 (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 70-77 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/116/170 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/116/171 Copyright (c) 2023 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/117 2023-06-20T21:51:09Z ingeniar:ART

METHODS FOR THE DEGRADATION OF PESTICIDES (CARBAMATES) IN AQUEOUS MATRICES Métodos para la de degradación de pesticidas (carbamatos) en matrices acuosas Cevallos-de la Cruz, Richard Esneyder García-Mujica, Patricio Gabriel Gómez-Salcedo, Yunet Rodríguez-Díaz, Joan Manuel Carbamatos, oxidación, adsorción, biodegradación con microrganismos, procesos de oxidación avanzada Carbamates, oxidation, adsorption, biodegradation with microorganisms, advanced oxidation processes The population growth promoted increases in agricultural production. This is associated with the use of synthetic pesticides that aim to protect crops and increase production volume. Synthetic crop protection chemicals include carbamates, which are pesticides derived from N-methyl or dimethyl carbamic acids, with oxide reducing properties and include nematicides, insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides. These are pesticides with a medium acute toxicity. However, in this family, there are compounds that are highly toxic. As a consequence of the indiscriminate use of pesticides, currently residues of these substances are found in water bodies and represent a potential risk to human and animal health, as well as to the environment. Several methods of carbamate removal have been developed, such as: oxidation, adsorption, biodegradation with microorganisms and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). The objective of this work is to analyze the methods that are proposed for the treatment of aqueous matrices with the presence of carbamates, through the evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of each one in terms of the efficiency of pesticide removal. Keywords: Carbamates, oxidation, adsorption, biodegradation with microorganisms, advanced oxidation processes. El crecimiento poblacional que registra el mundo en los últimos años generó la necesidad de incrementar la producción agrícola de alimentos. Esto tiene asociado el empleo de pesticidas sintéticos que tienen como objetivo la protección de los cultivos y aumentar volumen de producción. Entre los productos químicos sintéticos para la protección de los cultivos se encuentran los carbamatos, que son pesticidas derivados de ácidos N-metil o dimetil carbámico, con propiedades óxido reductoras que incluyen nematicidas, insecticidas, herbicidas y fungicidas. Estos son pesticidas con una toxicidad aguda media, aunque dentro de esta familia hay compuestos que son altamente tóxicos. Como consecuencia del uso indiscriminado de pesticidas, en la actualidad se hallan residuos de estas sustancias en los cuerpos de agua y representan un riesgo potencial para la salud humana y animal, así como para el ambiente. Se han desarrollado varios métodos de remoción de carbamatos como son: oxidación, adsorción, biodegradación con microrganismos y procesos de oxidación avanzada (POAs). El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los métodos que se proponen para el tratamiento de matrices acuosas con presencia de carbamatos, a través de la valoración de las ventajas y desventajas de cada uno en cuanto a la eficiencia de remoción del pesticida. Palabras clave: Carbamatos, oxidación, adsorción, biodegradación con microrganismos, procesos de oxidación avanzada. Abstract The population growth promoted increases in agricultural production. This is associated with the use of synthetic pesticides that aim to protect crops and increase production volume. Synthetic crop protection chemicals include carbamates, which are pesticides derived from N-methyl or dimethyl carbamic acids, with oxide reducing properties and include nematicides, insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides. These are pesticides with a medium acute toxicity. However, in this family, there are compounds that are highly toxic. As a consequence of the indiscriminate use of pesticides, currently residues of these substances are found in water bodies and represent a potential risk to human and animal health, as well as to the environment. Several methods of carbamate removal have been developed, such as: oxidation, adsorption, biodegradation with microorganisms and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). The objective of this work is to analyze the methods that are proposed for the treatment of aqueous matrices with the presence of carbamates, through the evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of each one in terms of the efficiency of pesticide removal. Keywords: Carbamates, oxidation, adsorption, biodegradation with microorganisms, advanced oxidation processes. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 28 de julio de 2021. Fecha de aceptación: 09 de septiembre de 2021.Fecha de publicación: 10 de enero de 2023. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2023-01-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/117 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 6 No. 11 (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 78-102 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 6 Núm. 11 (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 78-102 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/117/172 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/117/173 Copyright (c) 2023 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/118 2023-06-20T21:51:09Z ingeniar:ART

SELECTION OF FUNGI WITH THE ABILITY TO DEGRADE SYNTHETIC DYES Selección de hongos con capacidad degradativa de colorantes sintéticos Zamora-Quijije, Sergio Miguel Ponce-Bazurto, Génesis Mabel Rosero-Delgado, Ernesto Alonso Burgos-Briones, Gabriel Alfonso Colorantes sintéticos, Pleurotus djamor, degradación, Lacasa Synthetic dyes, Pleurotus djamor, degradation, Laccase Pollution caused by colorants grows as the industry does too. In recent years, research has focused its objectives on minimizing this contamination, but without being totally successful, which is why there are many types of treatments that seek to mitigate said contamination. In the present work, five strains of Pleurotus djamor (Pd318, Pd319, Pd320, Pd321 and Pd322) were evaluated in order to determine which of them can be used on an industrial scale. Tests were carried out to evaluate the colonization rate and the degradation rate of the food dyes Yellow 5 (A5), pharmacological Red 40 (R40) and textile Blue 19 (A19). It was observed that there is no inhibition of the growth of the strains by the presence of the dye. The Pd322 strain presented the highest halo formation rate (ABTS) 0.93 cm dia-1, and a degradative capacity per day of the dyes A19, R40 and A5 of 51%, 36% and 8% respectively. The experimental tests allowed to conclude that the Pd322 strain can be used in industrial processes for the degradation of synthetic dyes. Keywords: Synthetic dyes, Pleurotus djamor, degradation, Laccase. La contaminación provocada por colorantes crece a medida que la industria también lo hace. En los últimos años, las investigaciones han centrado sus objetivos en minimizar esta contaminación, pero sin llegar a tener éxito total, por lo que existen muchos tipos de tratamientos que buscan mitigar dicha contaminación. En el presente trabajo se evaluaron cinco cepas de Pleurotus djamor (Pd318, Pd319, Pd320, Pd321 y Pd322) con la finalidad de determinar cuál de ellas puede utilizarse a escala industrial. Se realizaron ensayos para evaluar la velocidad de colonización y la velocidad de degradación de los colorantes de uso alimenticio Amarillo 5 (A5), farmacológico Rojo 40 (R40) y textil Azul 19 (A19). Se observó que no existe inhibición del crecimiento de las cepas por la presencia del colorante. La cepa Pd322 presentó la mayor velocidad de formación de halo (ABTS) 0.93 cm dia-1, y una capacidad degradativa por día de los colorantes A19, R40 y A5 del 51%, 36% y 8% respectivamente. Los ensayos experimentales permitieron concluir que la cepa Pd322 puede utilizarse en procesos industriales de degradación de colorantes sintéticos. Palabras clave: Colorantes sintéticos, Pleurotus djamor, degradación, Lacasa. Abstract Pollution caused by colorants grows as the industry does too. In recent years, research has focused its objectives on minimizing this contamination, but without being totally successful, which is why there are many types of treatments that seek to mitigate said contamination. In the present work, five strains of Pleurotus djamor (Pd318, Pd319, Pd320, Pd321 and Pd322) were evaluated in order to determine which of them can be used on an industrial scale. Tests were carried out to evaluate the colonization rate and the degradation rate of the food dyes Yellow 5 (A5), pharmacological Red 40 (R40) and textile Blue 19 (A19). It was observed that there is no inhibition of the growth of the strains by the presence of the dye. The Pd322 strain presented the highest halo formation rate (ABTS) 0.93 cm dia-1, and a degradative capacity per day of the dyes A19, R40 and A5 of 51%, 36% and 8% respectively. The experimental tests allowed to conclude that the Pd322 strain can be used in industrial processes for the degradation of synthetic dyes. Keywords: Synthetic dyes, Pleurotus djamor, degradation, Laccase. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 03 de diciembre de 2021. Fecha de aceptación: 19 de enero de 2022.Fecha de publicación: 10 de enero de 2023. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2023-01-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/118 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 6 No. 11 (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 103-117 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 6 Núm. 11 (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 103-117 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/118/174 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/118/175 Copyright (c) 2023 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/119 2023-06-20T21:51:09Z ingeniar:ART

COMPARISON OF ETHYL ALCOHOL PRODUCTION FROM RICE GRAIN AND RICE HUSK USING SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE YEAST AS BIOLOGICAL AGENT Comparación de la producción de alcohol etílico a partir del grano y la cascarilla de arroz utilizando levadura Saccharomyces cerevisiae como agente biológico Macías-Pico, Cristhian Ariel Prado-Suárez, Javier Eduardo Cevallos-Cedeño, Ramón Eudoro Latorre-Castro, Gisela Beatríz García-Muentes, Segundo Alcides Etanol, hidrólisis ácida, fermentación, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ethanol, acid hydrolysis, fermentation, Saccharomyces cerevisiae In this article, the use of rice grain and rice husks as raw material for the production of ethyl alcohol was compared, exposing an alternative use for rice husks, considered waste. An acid hydrolysis process was carried out with HCl and H2SO4 solutions for the raw material containing lignocellulosic material, also called starch, in order to convert it into glucose, which was consumed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast to produce ethanol. It was verified that by this means the best yield was obtained with a concentration of 4% w/w with HCl, for both raw materials, applying a temperature of 85 °C in a time of 80 min, thus obtaining 22% alcohol in the grain and 15% alcohol in the rice husk for each 100 mL of distilled substance. In addition, yield percentages were obtained with the grams of alcohol produced with respect to the grams of grain and rice husk, being these 64.92 and 18.30%, respectively, having the possibility of producing alcohol in considerable quantities, as well as vinegar, if the fermentation time is not correctly controlled. Keywords: Ethanol, acid hydrolysis, fermentation, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. En el presente artículo, se comparó el aprovechamiento del grano y cascarilla de arroz como materia prima para la producción de alcohol etílico, exponiendo un uso alternativo para la cascarilla de arroz, considerada desperdicio. Se realizó un proceso de hidrólisis ácida con soluciones de HCl y H2SO4, para la materia prima que contiene material lignocelulósicos, también llamado almidón, con el fin de convertirlo en glucosa que fue consumida por la levadura Saccharomyces cerevisiae para producir el etanol. Se verificó que por este medio el mejor rendimiento, se obtuvo con una concentración de 4% p/p con el HCl, para ambas materias primas, aplicando una temperatura de 85 °C en un tiempo de 80 min, obteniendo así un 22% de alcohol en el grano y un 15% de alcohol en la cascarilla de arroz por cada 100 mL de sustancia destilada. Además, se obtuvieron porcentajes de rendimiento con los gramos producidos de alcohol respecto a los gramos del grano y la cascarilla de arroz, siendo estos 64.92 y 18.30%, respectivamente, teniendo la posibilidad de producir alcohol en cantidades considerables, como también producir vinagre, sino es controlado correctamente el tiempo de fermentación. Palabras clave: Etanol, hidrólisis ácida, fermentación, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Abstract In this article, the use of rice grain and rice husks as raw material for the production of ethyl alcohol was compared, exposing an alternative use for rice husks, considered waste. An acid hydrolysis process was carried out with HCl and H2SO4 solutions for the raw material containing lignocellulosic material, also called starch, in order to convert it into glucose, which was consumed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast to produce ethanol. It was verified that by this means the best yield was obtained with a concentration of 4% w/w with HCl, for both raw materials, applying a temperature of 85 °C in a time of 80 min, thus obtaining 22% alcohol in the grain and 15% alcohol in the rice husk for each 100 mL of distilled substance. In addition, yield percentages were obtained with the grams of alcohol produced with respect to the grams of grain and rice husk, being these 64.92 and 18.30%, respectively, having the possibility of producing alcohol in considerable quantities, as well as vinegar, if the fermentation time is not correctly controlled. Keywords: Ethanol, acid hydrolysis, fermentation, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 02 de febrero de 2022. Fecha de aceptación: 07 de marzo de 2022.Fecha de publicación: 10 de enero de 2023. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2023-01-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/119 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 6 No. 11 (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 118-140 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 6 Núm. 11 (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 118-140 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/119/176 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/119/177 Copyright (c) 2023 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/120 2023-06-20T21:51:09Z ingeniar:ART

CHARACTERIZATION OF SPRING WATER IN THE COMMUNITY OF LAS PEÑAS IN THE CANTON OF ROCAFUERTE Caracterización del agua de vertiente de la comunidad las peñas del cantón Rocafuerte García-Vera, Lourdes Michelle Carreño-Navia, Erika Vanessa García-Muentes, Segundo Alcides García-Vinces, Gonzalo Oswaldo Caracterización, técnicas, normas, vertiente Characterization, techniques, standards, slope This study was conducted in the Virgen Blanca de las Peñas sector, where a spring was located and the physical, chemical and microbiological parameters of the water were analyzed. These indicators were compared using the TULSMA and WHO water standards for human consumption. The methodology used was descriptive experimental together with the different laboratory techniques. The qualitative and quantitative analytical techniques, colorimetric, BOD5 and fecal coliforms (NMP) analysis allowed the development of the work. Therefore, the objective of the research was to characterize the water of the spring of the San José de las Peñas community of Rocafuerte canton and once this object of study was achieved, the results obtained show that the hardness (CaCO3), conductivity, salinity, nitrate (NO3)-1, hexavalent chromium (Cr) and BOD5 exceeded the environmental quality criteria, concluding that the water is not suitable for human consumption. Keywords: Characterization, techniques, standards, slope. El presente estudio se realizó en el sector Virgen Blanca de las Peñas, donde se localizó una vertiente en la que se analizaron los parámetros físicos, químicos y microbiológicos del agua. Estos indicadores se compararon mediante las normas de aguas para consumo humano TULSMA y OMS. La metodología utilizada fue experimental descriptiva junto con las diferentes técnicas de laboratorio. Las técnicas analíticas cualitativas y cuantitativas, colorimétricas, análisis del DBO5 y la de los coliformes fecales (NMP) permitieron el desarrollo del trabajo. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de la investigación fue caracterizar el agua de la vertiente de la comunidad San José de las Peñas del Cantón Rocafuerte y una vez alcanzado este objeto de estudio, los resultados obtenidos muestran que la dureza (CaCO3), la conductividad, la salinidad, el nitrato (NO3)-1, el cromo hexavalente (Cr) y la DBO5 sobrepasaron los criterios de calidad ambiental, concluyendo que el agua no es apta para el consumo humano. Palabras clave: Caracterización, técnicas, normas, vertiente. Abstract This study was conducted in the Virgen Blanca de las Peñas sector, where a spring was located and the physical, chemical and microbiological parameters of the water were analyzed. These indicators were compared using the TULSMA and WHO water standards for human consumption. The methodology used was descriptive experimental together with the different laboratory techniques. The qualitative and quantitative analytical techniques, colorimetric, BOD5 and fecal coliforms (NMP) analysis allowed the development of the work. Therefore, the objective of the research was to characterize the water of the spring of the San José de las Peñas community of Rocafuerte canton and once this object of study was achieved, the results obtained show that the hardness (CaCO3), conductivity, salinity, nitrate (NO3)-1, hexavalent chromium (Cr) and BOD5 exceeded the environmental quality criteria, concluding that the water is not suitable for human consumption. Keywords: Characterization, techniques, standards, slope. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 01 de abril de 2022. Fecha de aceptación: 21 de mayo de 2022.Fecha de publicación: 10 de enero de 2023. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2023-01-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/120 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 6 No. 11 (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 141-154 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 6 Núm. 11 (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 141-154 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/120/178 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/120/179 Copyright (c) 2023 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/121 2023-06-20T21:51:09Z ingeniar:ART

OBTAINING FUELS FROM THE PYROLYSIS OF RECYCLED HIGH-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE PLASTIC MATERIAL (HDPE) Obtención de combustibles a partir de pirólisis de material plástico reciclado de polietileno de alta densidad (PEAD) Guachamin-Valencia, Cristian Santiago Castro-García, Cristhian Jesús García-Muentes, Segundo Alcides García-Ávila, Segundo Alcides Cevallos-Cedeño, Ramón Eudoro García-Vinces, Gonzalo Oswaldo Combustibles, medioambiente, pirólisis, polietileno de alta densidad, plástico Fuels, environment, pyrolysis, high density polyethylene, plastic Currently, the excessive increase of plastic waste represents an environmental problem, which, due to its low biodegradability, pollutes ecosystems and accelerates global warming. On the other hand, the planet's economy revolves around fossil fuels; however, to obtain this type of fuels, a series of processes must be carried out that lead to environmental deterioration, such as production areas in which soil, air and water are polluted. With this background, the objective of this research work is to obtain fuels from recycled plastic material of high density polyethylene (HDPE), as a mechanism to reduce the levels of volumetric contamination of plastic waste in the environment, leading to a new alternative for obtaining fuels by determining each of the compounds of the pyrolysis process. Therefore, in this experimental research work, the method of obtaining fuels from high density polyethylene (HDPE) was analyzed, using a thermal reaction called pyrolysis for a period of 2 hours. The process consisted of breaking the molecular structure of the plastic compound under temperature conditions at 380 ºC and constant pressure in the absence of oxygen, giving way to lighter compounds known as hydrocarbons, obtaining favorable results such as a yield of 45.565%, gasoline percentages of 7.315%, kerosene 32.901% and diesel 20.126%. Keywords: Fuels, environment, pyrolysis, high density polyethylene, plastic. En la actualidad, el incremento desmesurado de residuos plásticos representa un problema ambiental, los cuales debido a su escasa biodegradabilidad contaminan ecosistemas y aceleran el calentamiento global. Por otra parte, la economía del planeta gira alrededor de los combustibles fósiles; sin embargo, para obtener este tipo de combustibles se tiene que realizar una serie de procesos que conllevan al deterioro del medio ambiente, tales como áreas de producción en las que contaminan el suelo, el aire y el agua. Con estos antecedentes, el objetivo de este trabajo de investigación es obtener combustibles a partir del material plástico reciclado de polietileno de alta densidad (PEAD), como mecanismo de reducción de los niveles de contaminación volumétrica de los desechos plásticos en el medio ambiente, conduciendo a una nueva alternativa de obtención de combustibles mediante la determinación de cada uno de los compuestos del proceso de la pirólisis. En tal virtud, en este trabajo de investigación experimental, se analizó el método de obtención de combustibles a partir de polietileno de alta densidad (PEAD), empleando una reacción térmica denominada pirólisis durante un tiempo de 2 horas. El proceso consistió en romper la estructura molecular del compuesto plástico en condiciones de temperatura a 380 ºC y presión constante en ausencia de oxígeno dando paso a compuestos más livianos conocidos como hidrocarburos, obteniendo resultados favorables como el rendimiento del 45.565%, porcentajes de gasolina del 7.315%, keroseno 32.901% y diésel 20.126%. Palabras clave: Combustibles, medioambiente, pirólisis, polietileno de alta densidad, plástico. Abstract Currently, the excessive increase of plastic waste represents an environmental problem, which, due to its low biodegradability, pollutes ecosystems and accelerates global warming. On the other hand, the planet's economy revolves around fossil fuels; however, to obtain this type of fuels, a series of processes must be carried out that lead to environmental deterioration, such as production areas in which soil, air and water are polluted. With this background, the objective of this research work is to obtain fuels from recycled plastic material of high density polyethylene (HDPE), as a mechanism to reduce the levels of volumetric contamination of plastic waste in the environment, leading to a new alternative for obtaining fuels by determining each of the compounds of the pyrolysis process. Therefore, in this experimental research work, the method of obtaining fuels from high density polyethylene (HDPE) was analyzed, using a thermal reaction called pyrolysis for a period of 2 hours. The process consisted of breaking the molecular structure of the plastic compound under temperature conditions at 380 ºC and constant pressure in the absence of oxygen, giving way to lighter compounds known as hydrocarbons, obtaining favorable results such as a yield of 45.565%, gasoline percentages of 7.315%, kerosene 32.901% and diesel 20.126%. Keywords: Fuels, environment, pyrolysis, high density polyethylene, plastic. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 25 de marzo de 2022. Fecha de aceptación: 27 de mayo de 2022.Fecha de publicación: 10 de enero de 2023. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2023-01-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/121 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 6 No. 11 (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 155-174 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 6 Núm. 11 (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 155-174 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/121/180 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/121/181 Copyright (c) 2023 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/122 2023-05-13T01:40:13Z ingeniar:ART

MAXIMUM SIZE OF THE AGGREGATE AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE POROSITY OF A CONCRETE MADE WITH GLASS FIBER Tamaño máximo del agregado y su influencia en la porosidad de un hormigón elaborado con fibra de vidrio Escobar-Hurtado, Jonathan Stalyn Guerra-Mera, Juan Carlos Eguez-Álava, Hugo Ernesto Granulometría, Porosidad, Resistencia a compresión, Fibra de vidrio Granulometry, Porosity, Compressive strength, glass fiber Due to the importance of the granulometry, within the area of knowledge in the field of construction, the same that allows us to study and know the size of the aggregates at the moment of making a mixture, as is the case of coarse aggregate, within the study of the porosity the concrete.This investigation has as main objective, to evaluate the maximum size of the aggregate and it’s influence on the porosity of a concrete, made with glass fiber as a substitute for this; through Goran Fagerlund's methodology. For the evaluation of porosity in a conventional concrete with glass fiber, were carried out on the basis of a design by the ACI method and with a resistance of 21MPa. The samples used of the coarse aggregates came from the quarry COPETO.C. LTDA located in the province of Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas. From the results obtained, it has been determined the influence of coarse aggregates on the percentage of effective capillary porosity valúes, of 1/2" and 3/4" have less than 10%, within the mixing designs when it is replaced up to 3% in the fine aggregate. The decrease of the porosity in the mixtures was based on the decrease in the a/c ratio with the addition of glass fiber; the greater the addition of glass fiber, the lower the settling/fluidity of the concrete. Therefore, the decrease of porosity with the addition of glass fiber improves the redistribution of micro-cracks with the use of this material. Keywords: Granulometry, Porosity, Compressive strength, glass fiber. Debido a la trascendencia de la granulometría, dentro del área de conocimiento en materia de la construcción, la misma que nos permite estudiar y conocer el tamaño de los agregados al momento de hacer una mezcla, como es el caso del agregado grueso, dentro del estudio en la porosidad del hormigón. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo principal, evaluar el tamaño máximo del agregado y su influencia en la porosidad de un hormigón, elaborado con fibra de vidrio como sustituto de este; a través de la metodología de Goran Fagerlund. Para la evaluación de la porosidad en un hormigón convencional con fibra de vidrio, se efectuaron en base a un diseño por el método ACI y con una resistencia de 21MPa. Las muestras empleadas de los agregados gruesos, provinieron de la cantera COPETO.C. LTDA ubicada en la provincia de Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas. De los resultados obtenidos, se ha determinado la incidencia de los agregados gruesos en los valores del porcentaje de porosidad capilar efectivo, de 1/2" y 3/4" tienen menos del 10%, dentro de los diseños de mezcla cuando se sustituye hasta un 3% en el agregado fino. El descenso de la porosidad en las mezclas, se basó en el decrecimiento de la relación a/c con la adición de fibra de vidrio; a mayor adición de fibra de vidrio, menor asentamiento/fluidez del hormigón. Por ende, el decrecimiento de la porosidad con la adición de fibra de vidrio, mejora la redistribución de micro fisuras con el uso de este material. Palabras clave: Granulometría, Porosidad, Resistencia a compresión, Fibra de vidrio. Abstract Due to the importance of the granulometry, within the area of knowledge in the field of construction, the same that allows us to study and know the size of the aggregates at the moment of making a mixture, as is the case of coarse aggregate, within the study of the porosity the concrete.This investigation has as main objective, to evaluate the maximum size of the aggregate and it’s influence on the porosity of a concrete, made with glass fiber as a substitute for this; through Goran Fagerlund's methodology. For the evaluation of porosity in a conventional concrete with glass fiber, were carried out on the basis of a design by the ACI method and with a resistance of 21MPa. The samples used of the coarse aggregates came from the quarry COPETO.C. LTDA located in the province of Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas. From the results obtained, it has been determined the influence of coarse aggregates on the percentage of effective capillary porosity valúes, of 1/2" and 3/4" have less than 10%, within the mixing designs when it is replaced up to 3% in the fine aggregate. The decrease of the porosity in the mixtures was based on the decrease in the a/c ratio with the addition of glass fiber; the greater the addition of glass fiber, the lower the settling/fluidity of the concrete. Therefore, the decrease of porosity with the addition of glass fiber improves the redistribution of micro-cracks with the use of this material. Keywords: Granulometry, Porosity, Compressive strength, glass fiber. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 09 de febrero de 2023.Fecha de aceptación: 28 de abril de 2023.Fecha de publicación: 12 de mayo de 2023. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2023-05-12 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/122 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 6 No. 11 Ed. esp. (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial mayo 2023); 2-17 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 6 Núm. 11 Ed. esp. (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial mayo 2023); 2-17 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/122/182 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/122/183 Copyright (c) 2023 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/124 2023-06-20T21:58:37Z ingeniar:ART

SECURITY ALGORITHMS FOR WEB APPLICATIONS: A SYSTEMATIC MAPPING Algoritmos de seguridad para aplicaciones web: un mapeo sistemático Del Pozo-Durango, Rodrigo Humberto Chariguaman-Asitumbay, Henrry Wilfrido Quicaliquin-Rochina, Alex Joel Orizaga-Trejo, José Antonio algoritmos; confidencialidad; integridad; disponibilidad; seguridad web Algorithms, confidentiality, integrity, availability, web security At present the number of network users has been progressively increasing; as a consequence, the treats and vulnerabilities faced by the system have also increased considerably. Putting the confidentiality, integrity and availability of the handled data at risk. The implementation of algorithms protection in the development of websites is crucial to guarantee the security and integrity of information and to face possible computer treats. The deductive method, observation and exploratory research will be used for the analysis of primary information. As a result, a systematic mapping of the most used security algorithms in web applications is presented. The impact of this research could have a direct or indirect effect for all web applications, which present security problems. Keywords: Algorithms, confidentiality, integrity, availability, web security. En la actualidad, el número de usuarios en la red ha ido incrementándose de manera progresiva; como consecuencia, las amenazas y vulnerabilidades a las que se enfrentan los sistemas han aumentado considerablemente, poniendo en riesgo la confidencialidad, integridad y disponibilidad de los datos que se manejan. La implementación de algoritmos de protección en el desarrollo de sitios web es crucial para garantizar la seguridad e integridad de la información y hacer frente a las posibles amenazas informáticas. Se utilizará el método deductivo, la observación e investigación exploratoria para el análisis de la información primaria. Como resultado se presenta un mapeo sistemático sobre los algoritmos de seguridad más empleados en aplicaciones web. El impacto de esta investigación podría tener un efecto directo o indirecto para todas las aplicaciones web, que presenten problemas de seguridad. Palabras clave: algoritmos; confidencialidad; integridad; disponibilidad; seguridad web. Abstract At present the number of network users has been progressively increasing; as a consequence, the treats and vulnerabilities faced by the system have also increased considerably. Putting the confidentiality, integrity and availability of the handled data at risk. The implementation of algorithms protection in the development of websites is crucial to guarantee the security and integrity of information and to face possible computer treats. The deductive method, observation and exploratory research will be used for the analysis of primary information. As a result, a systematic mapping of the most used security algorithms in web applications is presented. The impact of this research could have a direct or indirect effect for all web applications, which present security problems. Keywords: Algorithms, confidentiality, integrity, availability, web security. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 16 de marzo de 2023.Fecha de aceptación: 02 de junio de 2023.Fecha de publicación: 20 de junio de 2023. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2023-06-20 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/124 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 6 No. 11 Ed. esp. (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial junio 2023); 2-11 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 6 Núm. 11 Ed. esp. (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación (Edición especial junio 2023); 2-11 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/124/184 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/124/185 Copyright (c) 2023 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/128 2024-01-13T08:22:23Z ingeniar:ART

APPLICATION OF THE 5S PHILOSOPHY IN COMMERCIAL MICROENTERPRISES OF GUAYAQUIL Aplicación de la filosofía de las 5S en los microemprendimientos comerciales de Guayaquil Carriel, Ronny Pedro Arias-Pereira, Joyce Marcelo Vélez-Vélez, Sandra Monserrate Gestión empresarial, filosofía organizacional, procesos, manufactura Business management, organizational philosophy, processes, manufacturing The main purpose of the research work presented below is to Apply the 5S tool as part of the Lean Manufacturing philosophy in the commercial micro-enterprises of Guayaquil, and as specific objectives to inquire about the Lean Manufacturing culture as a work model. for micro-enterprises and describe the advantages and ways of implementing the 5S tool as part of the Lean Manufacturing model. A qualitative documentary review methodology is applied where the data collected will be arranged in content, summary and synthesis sheets of the information, so that this allows an adequate analysis, the sequential and logical arrangement of the results, which show that; For micro-enterprises it is extremely important to be interested in applying management models that allow them to obtain the best profits, reduce costs and create an orderly and efficient work system, the review and classification stage of the work elements in each area, the Order and cleanliness must be established as a fundamental part of the work culture and habit so that the established quality standards are achieved and the area is maintained organized. Finally, standardization and discipline must be fostered and monitored continuously and permanently. Keywords: Business management, organizational philosophy, processes, manufacturing. El trabajo de investigación que se presenta a continuación presenta como propósito principal Aplicar la herramienta de las 5S como parte de la filosofía del Lean Manufacturing en los microemprendimientos comerciales de Guayaquil, y como objetivos específicos indagar acerca de la cultura Lean Manufacturing como modelo de trabajo para los microemprendimientos y describir las ventajas y formas de implementación de la herramienta de las 5S como parte del modelo Lean Manufacturing. Se aplica una metodología cualitativa de revisión documental donde los datos recolectados se dispondrán en fichas de contenido, resumen y síntesis de la información, de manera que esto permita un adecuado análisis, la disposición secuencial y lógica de los resultados, los cuales evidencian que; para los microemprendimientos es de suma importancia interesarse en aplicar modelos de gestión que les permitan obtener las mejores ganancias, reducción de costos y crear un sistema de trabajo ordenado y eficiente, la etapa de revisión y clasificación de los elementos de trabajo en cada área, el orden y limpieza deben establecerse como parte primordial en la cultura y el hábito de trabajo de manera que se alcancen los estándares establecidos de calidad y se mantenga el área organizada, finalmente la estandarización y la disciplina deben fomentarse y monitorearse de forma continua y permanente. Palabras clave: Gestión empresarial, filosofía organizacional, procesos, manufactura. Abstract The main purpose of the research work presented below is to Apply the 5S tool as part of the Lean Manufacturing philosophy in the commercial micro-enterprises of Guayaquil, and as specific objectives to inquire about the Lean Manufacturing culture as a work model. for micro-enterprises and describe the advantages and ways of implementing the 5S tool as part of the Lean Manufacturing model. A qualitative documentary review methodology is applied where the data collected will be arranged in content, summary and synthesis sheets of the information, so that this allows an adequate analysis, the sequential and logical arrangement of the results, which show that; For micro-enterprises it is extremely important to be interested in applying management models that allow them to obtain the best profits, reduce costs and create an orderly and efficient work system, the review and classification stage of the work elements in each area, the Order and cleanliness must be established as a fundamental part of the work culture and habit so that the established quality standards are achieved and the area is maintained organized. Finally, standardization and discipline must be fostered and monitored continuously and permanently. Keywords: Business management, organizational philosophy, processes, manufacturing. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 02 de febrero de 2023.Fecha de aceptación: 16 de marzo de 2023.Fecha de publicación: 10 de julio de 2023. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2023-07-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/128 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 6 No. 12 (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 2-20 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 6 Núm. 12 (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 2-20 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/128/186 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/128/187 Copyright (c) 2023 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/129 2024-01-13T08:22:23Z ingeniar:ART

THE IMPORTANCE OF TRIBOLOGY IN INDUSTRIAL MECHANICS La importancia de la tribología en la mecánica industrial Mosquera-Viejo, José Luis Velásquez-Jama, Alexis Miguel Valdivieso-Piguave, Rolando Adonis Tribología, mecánica industrial, fricción, desgaste Tribology, industrial mechanics, friction, wear Tribology from a traditional form has existed since the beginning of history, however, an exact date cannot be clearly specified in which its developments appeared, its beginnings with findings of fire, with the invention of carriage wheels and bearings. sliding, the application of natural liquids to reduce friction and wear, are very sophisticated tribological inventions that are discovered before the common era (b.c.). The objective of this research was based on analyzing the importance of tribology in industrial mechanics. The methodology used in the following work is based on documentary-type bibliographic research, where a development scheme was carried out, the documentary information was collected from the Google Scholar platform and the Scielo and Redalyc platforms, using keywords and/or descriptors such as: tribology, friction between surfaces, lubricants, tribology in industrial mechanics, etc. It was possible to clearly understand the concept of tribology in industrial mechanics, its applications were described, as well as the advantages of tribology in the industrial sector, finally it is mentioned that tribology can be defined as the science and technology that studies the phenomena of friction and wear that occur between surfaces that interact with relative movements. Keywords: Tribology, industrial mechanics, friction, wear. La tribología desde una forma tradicional ha existido desde el comienzo de la historia sin embargo no se puede especificar con claridad una fecha exacta en la que aparecieran sus desarrollos, sus inicios con hallazgos del fuego, con la invención de las ruedas para carruajes y el cojinete de deslizamiento, la aplicación de líquidos naturales para disminuir el rozamiento y el desgaste, son invenciones tribológicas muy sofisticados que se descubren antes de la era común (a.c). El objetivo de esta investigación se basó en analizar la importancia de la tribología en la mecánica industrial. La metodología empleada en el siguiente trabajo se basa en una investigación de carácter bibliográfico tipo documental, donde se realizó un esquema de desarrollo, la información documental se recopilo de la plataforma Google Académico y las plataformas de Scielo y Redalyc, utilizando palabras claves y/o descriptores tales como: tribología, fricción entre superficies, lubricantes, la tribología en la mecánica industrial, etc. Se pudo comprender con claridad el concepto de tribología en la mecánica industrial, se describieron sus aplicaciones, así como también las ventajas de la tribología en el sector industrial, finalmente se menciona que, la tribología se puede definir como la ciencia y la tecnología que estudia los fenómenos de fricción y desgaste que ocurren entre superficies que interactúan con movimientos relativos. Palabras clave: Tribología, mecánica industrial, fricción, desgaste. Abstract Tribology from a traditional form has existed since the beginning of history, however, an exact date cannot be clearly specified in which its developments appeared, its beginnings with findings of fire, with the invention of carriage wheels and bearings. sliding, the application of natural liquids to reduce friction and wear, are very sophisticated tribological inventions that are discovered before the common era (b.c.). The objective of this research was based on analyzing the importance of tribology in industrial mechanics. The methodology used in the following work is based on documentary-type bibliographic research, where a development scheme was carried out, the documentary information was collected from the Google Scholar platform and the Scielo and Redalyc platforms, using keywords and/or descriptors such as: tribology, friction between surfaces, lubricants, tribology in industrial mechanics, etc. It was possible to clearly understand the concept of tribology in industrial mechanics, its applications were described, as well as the advantages of tribology in the industrial sector, finally it is mentioned that tribology can be defined as the science and technology that studies the phenomena of friction and wear that occur between surfaces that interact with relative movements. Keywords: Tribology, industrial mechanics, friction, wear. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 02 de febrero de 2023.Fecha de aceptación: 16 de marzo de 2023.Fecha de publicación: 10 de julio de 2023. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2023-07-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/129 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 6 No. 12 (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 21-33 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 6 Núm. 12 (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 21-33 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/129/188 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/129/189 Copyright (c) 2023 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/130 2024-01-13T08:22:23Z ingeniar:ART

DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF AN ACOUSTIC ISOLATION SYSTEM FOR SOCIAL INTEREST HOUSING Diseño y evaluación de un sistema de aislamiento acústico para viviendas de interés social Cañarte-Rodríguez, Beder Fabricio Caballero-Giler, Beatriz Irene aislamiento acústico, hormigón ligero con poliestireno expandido, viviendas de interés social acoustic insulation, lightweight concrete with EPS, social housing The use of expanded polystyrene beads in lightweight concrete to insulate noise can become an extremely viable alternative in technical, economic and environmental terms in semi-detached houses in Ecuador, which are not designed for acoustic insulation due to the high cost of insulating materials. acoustic materials such as glass wool or rock. However, few investigations have investigated the properties of this material in social housing. The objective of this investigation was to investigate the acoustic insulation of lightweight concrete with expanded polystyrene beads in the laboratory, using a reverberant mini-chamber and testing the sample created by a local manufacturer, whose cost and technical specifications meet the proposed objective and the standard. ISO 140-3. The results of the research were promising, especially at frequencies above 500 Hz and given the signs of feasibility of applying these lightweight concrete slabs with expanded polystyrene beads in low-income housing, without having to increase construction costs with additional soundproofing materials. Low frequencies are more difficult to block at their longer wavelength, so it is recommended to carry out further studies with plates of different density, in larger reverberant chambers, and to test the material for partitions in homes to measure the insulation power. air acoustics. Keywords: acoustic insulation, lightweight concrete with EPS, social housing. El uso de perlas de poliestireno expandido en hormigón liviano para aislar ruidos puede convertirse en una alternativa extremadamente viable en términos técnicos, económicos y ambientales en las viviendas medianeras en Ecuador, los cuales no están diseñados para aislamiento acústico debido al alto costo de los materiales aislantes acústicos como lana de vidrio o roca. Sin embargo, pocas investigaciones han indagado las propiedades de este material en viviendas de interés social. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo investigar el aislamiento acústico del hormigón liviano con perlas de poliestireno expandido en laboratorio, empleando una minicámara reverberante y poniendo a prueba la muestra creada por un fabricante local, cuyo costo y especificaciones técnicas cumplen con el objetivo propuesto y la norma ISO 140-3. Los resultados de la investigación fueron prometedores, especialmente a frecuencias superiores a 500 Hz y dadas las señales de viabilidad de la aplicación de estas placas de hormigón liviano con perlas de poliestireno expandido en viviendas de interés social, sin tener que ampliar los costos de construcción con materiales aislantes acústicos adicionales. Las bajas frecuencias son más difíciles de bloquear a su mayor longitud de onda, por lo que se recomienda realizar estudios posteriores con placas de diferente densidad, en cámaras reverberantes de mayor tamaño y probar el material para particiones en las viviendas para medir el poder de aislamiento acústico. Palabras clave: aislamiento acústico, hormigón ligero con poliestireno expandido, viviendas de interés social. Abstract The use of expanded polystyrene beads in lightweight concrete to insulate noise can become an extremely viable alternative in technical, economic and environmental terms in semi-detached houses in Ecuador, which are not designed for acoustic insulation due to the high cost of insulating materials. acoustic materials such as glass wool or rock. However, few investigations have investigated the properties of this material in social housing. The objective of this investigation was to investigate the acoustic insulation of lightweight concrete with expanded polystyrene beads in the laboratory, using a reverberant mini-chamber and testing the sample created by a local manufacturer, whose cost and technical specifications meet the proposed objective and the standard. ISO 140-3. The results of the research were promising, especially at frequencies above 500 Hz and given the signs of feasibility of applying these lightweight concrete slabs with expanded polystyrene beads in low-income housing, without having to increase construction costs with additional soundproofing materials. Low frequencies are more difficult to block at their longer wavelength, so it is recommended to carry out further studies with plates of different density, in larger reverberant chambers, and to test the material for partitions in homes to measure the insulation power. air acoustics. Keywords: acoustic insulation, lightweight concrete with EPS, social housing. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 02 de febrero de 2023.Fecha de aceptación: 16 de marzo de 2023.Fecha de publicación: 10 de julio de 2023. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2023-07-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/130 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 6 No. 12 (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 34-50 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 6 Núm. 12 (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 34-50 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/130/190 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/130/191 Copyright (c) 2023 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/131 2024-01-13T08:22:23Z ingeniar:ART

HOW IS THE MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT OF A METALWORKING COMPANY? ¿Cómo es la gestión de mantenimiento de una empresa metalmecánica? Arcos-Coba, Jesús Alberto Lizarzaburu-Mora, Annabelle Sally Marín-Cucalón, Brenda Estefanía Arcos-Coba, Ángel Paulino gestión de mantenimiento, mantenimiento industrial, mantenimiento preventivo, metalmecánica maintenance management, industrial maintenance, preventive maintenance, metalworking Maintenance arises since man has had the need to create tools to survive. These tools had their flaws or broke, so man had to repair or improve them so that they had superior durability. This work will focus on the maintenance management of a metalworking company, hence it is imperative to mention that according to the National Society of Industries (SNI, 2019), the metalworking industry is divided into 6 main items: Basic Metals, Metal Products, Machinery , Electrical Machinery, Transport Material and Bodywork; and Capital Assets, in this sense, the objective of this research is to show what maintenance management is like in a metal-mechanic company, through a methodology based on documentary bibliographic research. As a result, it was possible to clearly understand the concepts of Maintenance Management and industrial maintenance, as well as to distinguish between Maintenance Management and industrial maintenance, the types of maintenance and the detailed scheme of the steps in the maintenance management of a company were known. metalworking company. Finally, it was possible to clearly understand that maintenance management is a group of activities in which a design is carried out, a series of steps is planned and controlled, in order to guarantee that a company has a good production and complies with the customer needs and requirements. The maintenance management of a company such as metalworking can be summarized as: Plan, Schedule, Execute and Control. Keywords: maintenance management, industrial maintenance, preventive maintenance, metalworking. El mantenimiento surge desde que el hombre ha tenido la necesidad de crear herramientas para sobrevivir. Estas herramientas tenían sus fallas o se rompían, por lo que el hombre tenía que repararlas o mejorarlas para que estas tuviesen una durabilidad superior. Este trabajo se centrará en la gestión de mantenimiento de una empresa metalmecánica, de ahí que es imperativo mencionar que según la Sociedad Nacional de Industrias (SNI, 2019), la industria metalmecánica se divide en 6 rubros principales: Metálicas Básicas, Productos Metálicos, Maquinaria, Maquinaria Eléctrica, Material de Transporte y Carrocería; y Bienes de Capital, en este sentido el objetivo de esta investigación es mostrar cómo es la gestión de mantenimiento en una empresa metalmecánica, a través de una metodología basada en la investigación de carácter bibliográfico de tipo documental. Como resultado, se logró comprender con claridad los conceptos de Gestión de mantenimiento y mantenimiento industrial, así como también distinguir entre Gestión de mantenimiento y manteamiento industrial, se conoció los tipos de mantenimiento y el esquema detallado de los pasos en la gestión de mantenimiento de una empresa metalmecánica. Finalmente, se pudo comprender con claridad que la gestión de mantenimiento es un grupo de actividades en la que se realiza un diseño, se planifica y controla una serie de pasos, con la finalidad de garantizar que una empresa tenga una buena producción y cumpla con las necesidades y requerimientos de los clientes. La gestión de mantenimiento de una empresa como la metalmecánica se puede resumir en: Planificar, Programar, Ejecutar y Controlar. Palabras clave: gestión de mantenimiento, mantenimiento industrial, mantenimiento preventivo, metalmecánica. Abstract Maintenance arises since man has had the need to create tools to survive. These tools had their flaws or broke, so man had to repair or improve them so that they had superior durability. This work will focus on the maintenance management of a metalworking company, hence it is imperative to mention that according to the National Society of Industries (SNI, 2019), the metalworking industry is divided into 6 main items: Basic Metals, Metal Products, Machinery , Electrical Machinery, Transport Material and Bodywork; and Capital Assets, in this sense, the objective of this research is to show what maintenance management is like in a metal-mechanic company, through a methodology based on documentary bibliographic research. As a result, it was possible to clearly understand the concepts of Maintenance Management and industrial maintenance, as well as to distinguish between Maintenance Management and industrial maintenance, the types of maintenance and the detailed scheme of the steps in the maintenance management of a company were known. metalworking company. Finally, it was possible to clearly understand that maintenance management is a group of activities in which a design is carried out, a series of steps is planned and controlled, in order to guarantee that a company has a good production and complies with the customer needs and requirements. The maintenance management of a company such as metalworking can be summarized as: Plan, Schedule, Execute and Control. Keywords: maintenance management, industrial maintenance, preventive maintenance, metalworking. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 02 de febrero de 2023.Fecha de aceptación: 22 de marzo de 2023.Fecha de publicación: 10 de julio de 2023. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2023-07-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/131 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 6 No. 12 (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 51-63 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 6 Núm. 12 (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 51-63 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/131/192 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/131/193 Copyright (c) 2023 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/132 2024-01-13T08:22:23Z ingeniar:ART

PROCESS REENGINEERING IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES IN POST-PANDEMIC TIMES La reingeniería de los procesos en las industrias manufactureras en tiempos de postpandemia Olvera-Moran, Betsy Solís-Ferrer, Hugo Ernesto Chica-Castro, Luis Antonio reingeniería, Covid- 19, industrias manufactureras, postpandemia Reengineering, Covid-19, manufacturing industries, post-pandemic Reengineering is the redesign of processes in organizations that seeks to improve either quality, time or cost reduction. The COVID-19 pandemic, known as the coronavirus, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has impacted and generated effects in different sectors, mainly health and the economy. The objective of this article is to analyze the role of process reengineering in manufacturing industries in post-pandemic times. Documentary and bibliographical research was used. Among the results is that there is a new reality that changed the way of doing business and working, that reengineering within the industrial field highlights the competitive advantages through the approach of strategic management, it is even necessary to apply reengineering to the objectives of sustainable development attending to the new world order post pandemic. In conclusion, process reengineering allowed companies to reinvent themselves and accelerate digital transformation in post-pandemic times in order to meet customer needs and survive. Similarly, it improves the visibility of the supply chain, including digital commerce. In short, COVID-19 has brought a disruption to organizations and therefore businesses must achieve that resilience in order to survive throughout this global crisis. Keywords: Reengineering, Covid-19, manufacturing industries, post-pandemic. La reingeniería es el rediseño de los procesos en organizaciones que busca mejorar ya sea la calidad, los tiempos o la reducción de costos. La pandemia del COVID-19, conocida como el coronavirus, ocasionada por el virus SARS-CoV-2 ha impactado y generado efectos en los diferentes sectores, principalmente la salud y economía. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el rol  de la reingeniería de los procesos en las industrias manufactureras en  tiempos de postpandemia. Se uso la investigación tipo documental y bibliográfica. Entre los resultados se tiene que hay una nueva realidad que cambio la forma de hacer negocios y de trabajar, que  la reingeniería dentro del ámbito industrial destaca las ventajas competitivas mediante el planteamiento de gestiones estratégicas, inclusive  es necesario aplicar reingeniería a los objetivos  de desarrollo sostenible atendiendo al nuevo orden mundial post pandemia. En conclusión, la reingeniería de procesos permitió en tiempos de postpandemia, que las empresas se reinventen y aceleren la transformación digital para poder cubrir las necesidades de los clientes y sobrevivir. De igual forma, mejora la visibilidad de la cadena de suministro, incluyendo el comercio digital. En fin, el COVID-19 ha traído una disrupción en las organizaciones y por tanto los negocios deben lograr esa resiliencia para poder subsistir a lo largo de esta crisis mundial. Palabras clave: reingeniería, Covid- 19, industrias manufactureras, postpandemia. Abstract Reengineering is the redesign of processes in organizations that seeks to improve either quality, time or cost reduction. The COVID-19 pandemic, known as the coronavirus, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has impacted and generated effects in different sectors, mainly health and the economy. The objective of this article is to analyze the role of process reengineering in manufacturing industries in post-pandemic times. Documentary and bibliographical research was used. Among the results is that there is a new reality that changed the way of doing business and working, that reengineering within the industrial field highlights the competitive advantages through the approach of strategic management, it is even necessary to apply reengineering to the objectives of sustainable development attending to the new world order post pandemic. In conclusion, process reengineering allowed companies to reinvent themselves and accelerate digital transformation in post-pandemic times in order to meet customer needs and survive. Similarly, it improves the visibility of the supply chain, including digital commerce. In short, COVID-19 has brought a disruption to organizations and therefore businesses must achieve that resilience in order to survive throughout this global crisis. Keywords: Reengineering, Covid-19, manufacturing industries, post-pandemic. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 02 de febrero de 2023.Fecha de aceptación: 22 de marzo de 2023.Fecha de publicación: 10 de julio de 2023. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2023-07-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/132 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 6 No. 12 (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 64-78 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 6 Núm. 12 (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 64-78 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/132/194 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/132/195 Copyright (c) 2023 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/133 2024-01-13T08:22:23Z ingeniar:ART

OBTAINING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A BIOPLASTIC BASED ON COCONUT SHELL AND PAPAYA Obtención y caracterización de un bioplástico a base de cáscara de coco y papaya Macías-Giler, Elvis Anchundia-Sabando, Orlando García-Muentes, Segundo García-Vinces, Gonzalo Giler-Intriago, Sonia Bioplástico, cáscara, coco, papaya, método casting Bioplastic, shell, coconut, papaya, casting method The indiscriminate use of plastic, in addition to its long degradation time, has led the world to a worrying state of contamination, making it increasingly necessary to look for alternative eco-materials. This is where bioplastics come in, which are plastics originated from natural materials with favorable characteristics to replace traditional plastic, and with the advantage of being biodegradable. The purpose of this research was to obtain a bioplastic based on coconut and papaya husk fiber, with optimal characteristics to be used as a cover for transporting objects. For this purpose, laboratory procedures were carried out in order to treat both raw materials, to which characterization tests were performed, then the bioplastic formulation was carried out, using cornstarch (corn starch), glycerin, acetic acid and ascorbic acid as additives. In addition, the bioplastic obtained was subjected to different physicochemical and mechanical tests, and to a biodegradability test. From this research it was possible to elaborate a bioplastic with a light orange color, translucent, smooth texture, with good flexibility and resistance, which has the following properties: humidity of 16.157% and relative humidity of 19.271%, percentage of ashes of 10.78%, also, it presented a high degree of biodegradability. Finally, it is concluded that it is possible to obtain a bioplastic with optimum properties to be used as a cover for transporting objects, from coconut and papaya shells, using the casting method. Keywords: Bioplastic, shell, coconut, papaya, casting method. El uso indiscriminado del plástico, además de su alto tiempo de degradación ha llevado al mundo a un estado de contaminación preocupante, por lo que cada vez más es necesario buscar alternativas de ecomateriales. Es allí donde entran los bioplásticos, los cuales son plásticos originados de materias naturales con características propicias para reemplazar al plástico tradicional, y con la ventaja de que son biodegradables. El propósito de la presente investigación fue obtener un bioplástico a base de la fibra de la cáscara de coco y papaya, con características óptimas para ser usado como funda para el traslado de objetos. Para ello, se realizaron procedimientos de laboratorio con el fin de tratar ambas materias primas, a las cuales se le realizaron pruebas de caracterización, luego se realizó la formulación del bioplástico, usando como aditivos la maicena (almidón de maíz), glicerina, ácido acético y ácido ascórbico. Además, el bioplástico obtenido se sometió a diferentes pruebas fisicoquímicas y mecánicas, y a una prueba de biodegradabilidad. De esta investigación se logró elaborar un bioplástico con color anaranjado claro, traslúcido, de textura lisa, con una buena flexibilidad y resistencia, el cual tiene las siguientes propiedades: humedad de 16.157% y humedad relativa de 19.271%, porcentaje de cenizas de 10.78%, también, presentó un alto grado de biodegradabilidad. Finalmente, se concluye que es posible obtener un bioplástico con propiedades óptimas para ser utilizado como funda para el traslado de objetos, a partir de cáscara de coco y papaya, usando el método casting. Palabras clave: Bioplástico, cáscara, coco, papaya, método casting. Abstract The indiscriminate use of plastic, in addition to its long degradation time, has led the world to a worrying state of contamination, making it increasingly necessary to look for alternative eco-materials. This is where bioplastics come in, which are plastics originated from natural materials with favorable characteristics to replace traditional plastic, and with the advantage of being biodegradable. The purpose of this research was to obtain a bioplastic based on coconut and papaya husk fiber, with optimal characteristics to be used as a cover for transporting objects. For this purpose, laboratory procedures were carried out in order to treat both raw materials, to which characterization tests were performed, then the bioplastic formulation was carried out, using cornstarch (corn starch), glycerin, acetic acid and ascorbic acid as additives. In addition, the bioplastic obtained was subjected to different physicochemical and mechanical tests, and to a biodegradability test. From this research it was possible to elaborate a bioplastic with a light orange color, translucent, smooth texture, with good flexibility and resistance, which has the following properties: humidity of 16.157% and relative humidity of 19.271%, percentage of ashes of 10.78%, also, it presented a high degree of biodegradability. Finally, it is concluded that it is possible to obtain a bioplastic with optimum properties to be used as a cover for transporting objects, from coconut and papaya shells, using the casting method. Keywords: Bioplastic, shell, coconut, papaya, casting method. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 09 de septiembre de 2022. Fecha de aceptación: 28 de octubre de 2022.Fecha de publicación: 10 de julio de 2023. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2023-07-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/133 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 6 No. 12 (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 79-92 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 6 Núm. 12 (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 79-92 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/133/196 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/133/197 Copyright (c) 2023 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/134 2024-01-13T08:22:23Z ingeniar:ART

INFLUENCE OF THE NATURAL GUMS CARRAGEENAN AND XANTHAN AS STABILIZERS IN TAMARIND JUICE (TAMARINDUS INDICA) Influencia de las gomas naturales carragenina y xanthan como estabilizantes en el jugo de tamarindo (Tamarindus indica) Flores-Loor, Eva Leonor Plúa-Ortíz, Bolívar Alfredo Sánchez-Plaza, Francisco Alfredo Cevallos-Cedeño, Ramón Eudoro Díaz-Campozano, Edison Geovanny Vaca-Martínez, Lizbeth Yomaira Jugo, tamarindo, hidrocoloides, xantana, carragenina Juice, tamarind, hydrocolloids, xanthan, carrageenan The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the addition of stabilizers in tamarind (Tamarindus indica) fruit juice, demonstrating that the addition of natural gums influenced the properties of the beverage. Four treatments were studied: (T) administering xanthan gum (GX) and carrageenan (CG) with percentages of 0.3% and 0.4%, respectively, with 3 replicates for each analysis, applying a statistical model of 2k factorial design with block effect, being the days of evaluation the block effect. The physicochemical parameters pH, density, soluble solids, density and microbiological parameters such as mesophilic aerobes, molds and yeasts were evaluated 0, 5 and 10 days after the juice was prepared, based on the Ecuadorian Technical Standard for juices, pulps, concentrates, nectars, fruit and vegetable drinks NTE INEN 2337:2008. Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed in the variables studied, except for soluble solids such as molds and yeasts. The incorporation of GX at 0.3% had a greater influence on the dependent variables except for viscosity and aerobes, being the best treatment. The 0.4% GC showed better microbiological stability over time. Keywords: Juice, tamarind, hydrocolloids, xanthan, carrageenan. El objetivo del presente trabajo consistió en evaluar los efectos de la adición de estabilizantes en jugo del fruto de tamarindo (Tamarindus indica), demostrando que, al añadir las gomas naturales, estas influyeron en las propiedades de la bebida. Se estudiaron cuatro tratamientos: (T) administrando goma xantana (GX) y carragenina (CG) con porcentajes de 0.3% y 0.4%, respectivamente, con 3 repeticiones por cada análisis, aplicando un modelo estadístico de diseño factorial 2k con efecto de bloque, siendo los días de evaluación el efecto de bloqueo. Se evaluaron los parámetros físico-químicos pH, densidad, sólidos solubles, densidad y microbiológicos como aerobios mesófilos, mohos y levaduras a los 0, 5 y 10 días de elaborado el jugo, tomando como base la Norma Técnica Ecuatoriana para jugos, pulpas, concentrados, néctares, bebidas de frutas y vegetales NTE INEN 2337:2008. Se observaron diferencias significativas (p<0.05) en las variables estudiadas, excepto en los sólidos solubles como en mohos y levaduras. La incorporación de GX a 0.3%, influyó en mayor medida en las variables dependientes a excepción de viscosidad y aerobios, siendo el mejor tratamiento. La CG 0.4% presentó mejor estabilidad microbiológica en el tiempo. Palabras clave: Jugo, tamarindo, hidrocoloides, xantana, carragenina. Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the addition of stabilizers in tamarind (Tamarindus indica) fruit juice, demonstrating that the addition of natural gums influenced the properties of the beverage. Four treatments were studied: (T) administering xanthan gum (GX) and carrageenan (CG) with percentages of 0.3% and 0.4%, respectively, with 3 replicates for each analysis, applying a statistical model of 2k factorial design with block effect, being the days of evaluation the block effect. The physicochemical parameters pH, density, soluble solids, density and microbiological parameters such as mesophilic aerobes, molds and yeasts were evaluated 0, 5 and 10 days after the juice was prepared, based on the Ecuadorian Technical Standard for juices, pulps, concentrates, nectars, fruit and vegetable drinks NTE INEN 2337:2008. Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed in the variables studied, except for soluble solids such as molds and yeasts. The incorporation of GX at 0.3% had a greater influence on the dependent variables except for viscosity and aerobes, being the best treatment. The 0.4% GC showed better microbiological stability over time. Keywords: Juice, tamarind, hydrocolloids, xanthan, carrageenan. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 29 de julio de 2022. Fecha de aceptación: 20 de septiembre de 2022.Fecha de publicación: 10 de julio de 2023. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2023-07-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/134 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 6 No. 12 (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 93-109 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 6 Núm. 12 (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 93-109 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/134/198 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/134/199 Copyright (c) 2023 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/135 2024-01-13T08:22:23Z ingeniar:ART

EPOXIDATION OF BIODIESEL OBTAINED FROM THE TRANSESTERIFICATION OF CASTOR OIL IN THE PROVINCE OF MANABÍ - ECUADOR Epoxidación de biodiesel obtenido a partir de la transesterificación de aceite de higuereta en la provincia de Manabí – Ecuador Dávila-Intriago, Susana Román-Solórzano, Cristopher García-Muentes, Segundo Cevallos-Cedeño, Ramón García-Vinces, Oswaldo Aceite de higuereta, biodiesel, epoxidación, grasa lubricante Castor oil, biodiesel, epoxidation, lubricating grease This article presents results corresponding to the production of lubricating grease from the chemical epoxidation of biodiesel obtained from the Ricinus communis plant, better known as fig tree. To achieve this, processes of transesterification of the oil and epoxidation of the methyl esters (FAME) were carried out. The entire experimental procedure was carried out in triplicate and was based on American (ASTM) and European (EU) standards. The physicochemical properties of the vegetable oil, methyl esters (Biodiesel) and epoxidized methyl esters catalogued as lubricating grease in this research were also characterized. The overall yield of the process was 41.131%, while all reported fig oil quality parameters were in accordance with the vegetable oil specification. The characterization of the biodiesel was carried out using ASTM 6751 standards, where most of its quality indexes were within specification. However, there were also high values of kinematic viscosity at 40°C (4.803 mm2/s) and a flammability index of 130°C, slightly exceeding the maximum values allowed by the standard. As for the analysis of the epoxidized biodiesel, it was categorized according to ISO standards. The kinematic viscosity value measured at 40°C of 49.82 cSt made it be classified as ISO VG 46, which is a type of lubricant suitable for use in industrial and mobile hydraulic systems operating at high pressure and temperatures. Keywords: Castor oil, biodiesel, epoxidation, lubricating grease. Este artículo presenta resultados correspondientes a la elaboración de grasa lubricante a partir de la epoxidación química del biodiesel obtenido de la planta Ricinus communis, mejor conocida como higuereta o higuerilla. Para su consecución se realizaron procesos de transesterificación del aceite y epoxidación de los ésteres metílicos (FAME). Todo el procedimiento experimental fue realizado por triplicado y estuvo fundamentado en normas americanas (ASTM) y europeas (EU). A su vez, también se caracterizaron las propiedades fisicoquímicas del aceite vegetal, ésteres metílicos (Biodiesel) y ésteres metílicos epoxidados catalogados como grasa lubricante en esta investigación. El rendimiento global del proceso fue 41.131%, mientras que todos los parámetros de calidad del aceite de higuereta reportados estuvieron acorde a la especificación de aceite vegetal. La caracterización del biodiesel se realizó mediante la normativa ASTM 6751, donde la mayor parte de sus índices de calidad estuvieron dentro de especificación. No obstante, también, existieron valores altos de viscosidad cinemática a 40°C (4.803 mm2/s) e índice inflamabilidad de 130°C sobrepasando ligeramente los máximos permisibles por la norma. En cuanto al análisis del biodiesel epoxidado se logró categorizarlo mediante las normativas ISO, el valor de la viscosidad cinemática medida a 40 °C de 49.82 cSt hizo clasificarla como ISO VG 46 que es un tipo de lubricante apto para uso de sistemas hidráulicos industriales y móviles que operan a alta presión y temperaturas. Palabras clave: Aceite de higuereta, biodiesel, epoxidación, grasa lubricante. Abstract This article presents results corresponding to the production of lubricating grease from the chemical epoxidation of biodiesel obtained from the Ricinus communis plant, better known as fig tree. To achieve this, processes of transesterification of the oil and epoxidation of the methyl esters (FAME) were carried out. The entire experimental procedure was carried out in triplicate and was based on American (ASTM) and European (EU) standards. The physicochemical properties of the vegetable oil, methyl esters (Biodiesel) and epoxidized methyl esters catalogued as lubricating grease in this research were also characterized. The overall yield of the process was 41.131%, while all reported fig oil quality parameters were in accordance with the vegetable oil specification. The characterization of the biodiesel was carried out using ASTM 6751 standards, where most of its quality indexes were within specification. However, there were also high values of kinematic viscosity at 40°C (4.803 mm2/s) and a flammability index of 130°C, slightly exceeding the maximum values allowed by the standard. As for the analysis of the epoxidized biodiesel, it was categorized according to ISO standards. The kinematic viscosity value measured at 40°C of 49.82 cSt made it be classified as ISO VG 46, which is a type of lubricant suitable for use in industrial and mobile hydraulic systems operating at high pressure and temperatures. Keywords: Castor oil, biodiesel, epoxidation, lubricating grease. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 03 de octubre de 2022. Fecha de aceptación: 14 de noviembre de 2022.Fecha de publicación: 10 de julio de 2023. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2023-07-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/135 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 6 No. 12 (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 110-127 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 6 Núm. 12 (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 110-127 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/135/200 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/135/201 Copyright (c) 2023 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/136 2024-01-13T08:22:23Z ingeniar:ART

EVALUATION OF CURCUMIN EXTRACTION METHODS FROM TURMERIC (CURCUMA LONGA) Evaluación de los métodos de extracción de curcumina de la cúrcuma (Curcuma longa) Macías-Giler, Erick García-Murillo, Jean Cisneros-Pérez, Iván García-Muentes, Segundo Curcumina, extracción, soxhlet, ultrasonido, fluidos supercríticos Curcumin, extraction, soxhlet, ultrasound, supercritical fluids The industry uses the extraction of active compounds from natural products in order to isolate substances of interest; initially, the so-called traditional methods were used that use toxic organic substances as solvents, and involve large energy costs, so they are not friendly to the environment and the health of consumers; however, in recent years new more efficient and ecological extraction methods have emerged, which in turn offer better yields. On the other hand, one of the compounds that is currently highly consumed by the public is curcumin due to its innumerable health benefits, in addition to its properties as a food coloring and flavoring, which is why it is of interest to the industry chemical, food and pharmaceutical use an ideal method for its extraction and that is up to the demands of these times. In this sense, the present documentary research focused on evaluating and comparing the different methods used for the extraction of curcumin from turmeric in order to identify the most optimal and efficient method, technically and ecologically; for which a bibliographic review of different articles was carried out, the information was organized through bibliographic records and the respective comparisons and analyzes were established. In this sense, it was obtained that the conventional methods of curcumin extraction (soaking and soxhlet) are less ecological when using toxic solvents and by implying longer extraction times and therefore higher energy costs, in addition to lower yields; on the other hand, modern methods are more efficient as they allow higher yields, and are friendlier to the environment since they require less time and use innocuous solvents. Finally, it was concluded that the most effective and convenient method for the extraction of curcumin is the extraction with supercritical CO2, since it is the one that offers the best extraction yields, apart from using a solvent with innumerable favorable characteristics both economically and ecologically. Keywords: Curcumin, extraction, soxhlet, ultrasound, supercritical fluids. La industria utiliza la extracción de compuestos activos de productos naturales con el fin de lograr aislar sustancias de interés; en un inicio se utilizaban los llamados métodos tradicionales que emplean sustancias orgánicas tóxicas como solventes, y suponen grandes gastos de energía, por lo que no son amigables con el medio ambiente y la salud de los consumidores; sin embargo en los últimos años han surgido nuevos métodos de extracción más eficientes y ecológicos, que a su vez ofrecen mejores rendimientos. Por otra parte, uno de los compuestos que en la actualidad es altamente consumido por el público es la curcumina, debido a sus innumerables beneficios para la salud, además de sus propiedades como colorante y saborizante alimenticio, por lo que es de interés para la industria química, de alimentos y farmacéutica utilizar un método idóneo para su extracción y que esté a la altura de las exigencias de estos tiempos. En este sentido la presente investigación documental, se enfocó en evaluar y comparar los diferentes métodos usados para la extracción de curcumina de la cúrcuma con el fin de identificar el método más óptimo y eficiente, técnica y ecológicamente; para lo cual se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de diferentes artículos, se organizó la información mediante fichas bibliográficas y se establecieron las respectivas comparaciones y análisis. En este sentido, se obtuvo que los métodos convencionales de extracción de curcumina (remojo y soxhlet) son menos ecológicos al usar solventes tóxicos y al implicar mayores tiempos de extracción y por ende mayores gastos energéticos, además que arrojan rendimientos menores; por su parte los métodos modernos son más eficientes al permitir mayores rendimientos, y son más amigables con el medio ambiente ya que requieren menores tiempos y usan solventes inocuos. Finalmente, se concluyó que el método más eficaz y conveniente para la extracción de curcumina es la extracción con CO2 supercrítico, ya que es la que ofrece mejores rendimientos de extracción, además de utilizar un solvente con innumerables características favorables tanto económica como ecológicamente. Palabras clave: Curcumina, extracción, soxhlet, ultrasonido, fluidos supercríticos. Abstract The industry uses the extraction of active compounds from natural products in order to isolate substances of interest; initially, the so-called traditional methods were used that use toxic organic substances as solvents, and involve large energy costs, so they are not friendly to the environment and the health of consumers; however, in recent years new more efficient and ecological extraction methods have emerged, which in turn offer better yields. On the other hand, one of the compounds that is currently highly consumed by the public is curcumin due to its innumerable health benefits, in addition to its properties as a food coloring and flavoring, which is why it is of interest to the industry chemical, food and pharmaceutical use an ideal method for its extraction and that is up to the demands of these times. In this sense, the present documentary research focused on evaluating and comparing the different methods used for the extraction of curcumin from turmeric in order to identify the most optimal and efficient method, technically and ecologically; for which a bibliographic review of different articles was carried out, the information was organized through bibliographic records and the respective comparisons and analyzes were established. In this sense, it was obtained that the conventional methods of curcumin extraction (soaking and soxhlet) are less ecological when using toxic solvents and by implying longer extraction times and therefore higher energy costs, in addition to lower yields; on the other hand, modern methods are more efficient as they allow higher yields, and are friendlier to the environment since they require less time and use innocuous solvents. Finally, it was concluded that the most effective and convenient method for the extraction of curcumin is the extraction with supercritical CO2, since it is the one that offers the best extraction yields, apart from using a solvent with innumerable favorable characteristics both economically and ecologically. Keywords: Curcumin, extraction, soxhlet, ultrasound, supercritical fluids. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 19 de octubre de 2022. Fecha de aceptación: 28 de noviembre de 2022.Fecha de publicación: 10 de julio de 2023. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2023-07-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/136 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 6 No. 12 (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 128-163 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 6 Núm. 12 (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 128-163 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/136/202 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/136/203 Copyright (c) 2023 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

oai:ojs2.journalingeniar.org:article/137 2024-01-13T08:22:23Z ingeniar:ART

INFLUENCE OF SOY MILK, COCOA MASS AND DIFFERENT SWEETENERS ON THE SENSORY EVALUATION OF A FUNCTIONAL BEVERAGE Influencia de la leche de soya, pasta de cacao y distintos edulcorantes en la evaluación sensorial de una bebida funcional Moreira-Macías, Robert William Reinoso-Baque, Iván Manuel Proaño-Molina, Marcia Yomara Durazno-Delgado, Leonilo Alfonso Rosero-Rojas, Jaime Amado Díaz-Campozano, Edison Geovanny Organoléptico, soya, cacao, edulcorante Organoleptic, soy, cocoa, sweetener The objective of the research is to evaluate the influence of soy milk (Glycine max), cocoa paste (Theobroma cacao) and different types of sweeteners on the sensory analysis of a functional beverage, demonstrating that the modification of the variables does influence the properties of the beverage. Three factors with various levels were examined, obtaining twelve treatments (T): Factor A concentration of soy milk (50 mL and 36 mL), factor B concentration of cocoa paste (5 g and 10 g) and factor C type of sweetener (sucrose, panela and stevia) applying 3 replications, obtaining 36 experimental units; a trifactorial ADEVA statistical model and the TUKEY significance test were used to determine the best treatments. The variables color, odor, flavor and appearance of the functional beverage treatments were analyzed. The best results for the color variable were: 50 mL of soy milk, 10 g of cocoa and sucrose, odor: 50 mL of soy milk, 10 g of cocoa and panela, with the formulation: 50 mL of soy milk, 10 g of cocoa paste and stevia as sweetener improved the flavor, while the formulation 50 mL of soy milk, 10 g of cocoa paste and panela provided an adequate appearance. Keywords: Organoleptic, soy, cocoa, sweetener. El objetivo de la investigación radica en evaluar la influencia de la leche de soya (Glycine max), pasta de cacao (Theobroma cacao) y diferentes tipos de edulcorantes sobre el análisis sensorial de una bebida funcional, demostrando que la modificación de las variables si influye en las propiedades de la bebida. Se examinaron tres factores con varios niveles, obteniendo doce tratamientos (T): Factor A concentración de leche de soya (50 mL y 36 mL), factor B concentración de pasta de cacao (5 g y 10 g) y factor C tipo de edulcorante (sacarosa, panela y stevia) aplicando 3 repeticiones, obteniéndose 36 unidades experimentales; fue empleado un modelo estadístico ADEVA trifactorial y la prueba de significancia de TUKEY para conocer los mejores tratamientos. Se analizaron las variables color, olor, sabor y apariencia de los tratamientos de la bebida funcional. Los mejores resultados para la variable color fueron: 50 mL de leche de soya, 10 g de cacao y sacarosa, olor: 50 mL de leche de soya, 10 g de cacao y panela, con la formulación: 50 mL de leche de soya, 10 g de pasta de caco y stevia como edulcorante mejoró el sabor, mientras que la formulación 50 mL leche de soya, 10 g de pasta de caco y panela brindó una apariencia adecuada. Palabras clave: Organoléptico, soya, cacao, edulcorante. Abstract The objective of the research is to evaluate the influence of soy milk (Glycine max), cocoa paste (Theobroma cacao) and different types of sweeteners on the sensory analysis of a functional beverage, demonstrating that the modification of the variables does influence the properties of the beverage. Three factors with various levels were examined, obtaining twelve treatments (T): Factor A concentration of soy milk (50 mL and 36 mL), factor B concentration of cocoa paste (5 g and 10 g) and factor C type of sweetener (sucrose, panela and stevia) applying 3 replications, obtaining 36 experimental units; a trifactorial ADEVA statistical model and the TUKEY significance test were used to determine the best treatments. The variables color, odor, flavor and appearance of the functional beverage treatments were analyzed. The best results for the color variable were: 50 mL of soy milk, 10 g of cocoa and sucrose, odor: 50 mL of soy milk, 10 g of cocoa and panela, with the formulation: 50 mL of soy milk, 10 g of cocoa paste and stevia as sweetener improved the flavor, while the formulation 50 mL of soy milk, 10 g of cocoa paste and panela provided an adequate appearance. Keywords: Organoleptic, soy, cocoa, sweetener. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 05 de enero de 2023. Fecha de aceptación: 16 de marzo de 2023.Fecha de publicación: 10 de julio de 2023. SOARCI: SOCIEDAD ACADÉMICA DE REDES DE REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS E INVESTIGACIÓN 2023-07-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/html https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/137 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research; Vol. 6 No. 12 (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 164-176 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2697-3693.; Vol. 6 Núm. 12 (2023): Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación; 164-176 2697-3693 2737-6249 spa https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/137/204 https://journalingeniar.org/index.php/ingeniar/article/view/137/205 Copyright (c) 2023 Scientific Journal INGENIAR: Engineering, Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 a837e05d26674c1b4ef5b3db01beba33