Impacto del modelado hidráulico en la gestión de crisis hídricas
Palabras clave:
gestión de crisis hídricas, modelado hidráulico, sequías, inundaciones, sostenibilidad hídricaResumen
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v7i14edespdic.0252
Resumen
La gestión de crisis hídricas, como sequías e inundaciones, requiere enfoques estratégicos que integren herramientas avanzadas para mitigar los impactos de fenómenos extremos. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el impacto del modelado hidráulico en la gestión de crisis hídricas, explorando su efectividad en la optimización de recursos y la prevención de desastres mediante una revisión narrativa de la literatura reciente. La metodología consistió en la selección y análisis de estudios publicados entre 2018 y 2024, enfocados en el uso del modelado hidráulico para abordar problemas relacionados con sequías prolongadas e inundaciones urbanas. Las fuentes se obtuvieron de bases de datos científicas reconocidas, aplicando criterios de inclusión como la relevancia temática y el rigor metodológico. Los resultados evidencian que el modelado hidráulico es una herramienta clave para prever y gestionar situaciones críticas. En el contexto de sequías, estudios realizados en ciudades como Londres han demostrado que la redistribución eficiente del agua, basada en simulaciones hidráulicas, puede garantizar el abastecimiento durante períodos de escasez prolongada. Por otro lado, en la gestión de inundaciones, se destaca el caso del sistema MOSE en Venecia, que mediante simulaciones avanzadas ha optimizado la activación de barreras hidráulicas, reduciendo significativamente los daños causados por marejadas ciclónicas.Se concluye que el modelado hidráulico no solo mejora la resiliencia de las infraestructuras hídricas, sino que también permite diseñar estrategias adaptativas frente a los desafíos impuestos por el cambio climático. Estas herramientas potencian la toma de decisiones informadas y promueven la sostenibilidad en la gestión de recursos hídricos.
Palabras clave: gestión de crisis hídricas, modelado hidráulico, sequías, inundaciones, sostenibilidad hídrica.
Abstract
Managing water crises, such as droughts and floods, requires strategic approaches that integrate advanced tools to mitigate the impacts of extreme events. This article aims to analyse the impact of hydraulic modelling on water crisis management, exploring its effectiveness in optimising resources and preventing disasters through a narrative review of recent literature. The methodology consisted of the selection and analysis of studies published between 2018 and 2024, focused on the use of hydraulic modelling to address problems related to prolonged droughts and urban flooding. Sources were obtained from recognised scientific databases, applying inclusion criteria such as thematic relevance and methodological rigour. The results show that hydraulic modelling is a key tool for predicting and managing critical situations. In the context of droughts, studies carried out in cities such as London have shown that efficient water redistribution, based on hydraulic simulations, can guarantee supply during periods of prolonged scarcity. On the other hand, in flood management, the case of the MOSE system in Venice stands out, which through advanced simulations has optimized the activation of hydraulic barriers, significantly reducing the damage caused by storm surges. It is concluded that hydraulic modeling not only improves the resilience of water infrastructures, but also allows for the design of adaptive strategies to face the challenges imposed by climate change. These tools enhance informed decision-making and promote sustainability in water resource management.
Keywords: water crisis management, hydraulic modeling, droughts, floods, water sustainability.
Información del manuscrito:
Fecha de recepción: 16 de septiembre de 2024.
Fecha de aceptación: 15 de noviembre de 2024.
Fecha de publicación: 01 de diciembre de 2024.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Revista Científica INGENIAR: Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación. ISSN: 2737-6249.
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