Comparación de Sistemas de Protección Pasiva Contra Fuego para Estructuras de Acero usando Materiales Industrializados y Naturales

Marcelo David Guerra-Valladares; Andrea Natalí Zárate-Villacrés; Cristian Andrés Marcillo-Zapata; Raúl Alexis Salazar-Flores

Authors

Guerra-Valladares Marcelo David Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, UNACH. Riobamba, Ecuador. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4119-4959
Zárate-Villacrés Andrea Natalí Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, UNACH. Riobamba, Ecuador. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7183-2862
Cristian Andrés Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, UNACH. Riobamba, Ecuador. https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2552-903X
Salazar-Flores Raúl Alexis Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, UNACH. Riobamba, Ecuador. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6483-2613

Keywords:

Fire, Steel, Protection, Materials, Sustainability

Abstract

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i16.0292

Abstract

Steel is incredibly strong, but it has an Achilles’ heel: fire. When temperatures soar during a blaze, steel structures can lose their strength and risk collapsing. To prevent this, passive protection systems are used—like a shield that provides vital time for a safe evacuation. The problem is that information about these systems is highly scattered, making it difficult to choose the best material. Materials are divided into two major groups: industrialized ones (such as special gypsum, mineral wool, concrete, or intumescent paints that swell when exposed to heat) and natural-origin alternatives, a sustainable option that is gaining ground. This work highlights the remarkable potential of rammed earth, adobe, straw bales, and even hempcrete—materials whose fire performance is surprisingly strong, often comparable to factory-made products. The result is a clear and well-structured guide that not only helps professionals make better decisions but also opens the door to researching more eco-friendly materials. The goal: a construction sector that is both safer and more sustainable.

Keywords: Fire, Steel, Protection, Materials, Sustainability.

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